Reflective Journal

in
Purposive
Communication
 MODULE 1:

COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS

In communication with anyone, I have learned the responsibility of holding

an ethical conversation. Being compassionate to all beings and understanding each
other in a better way by communicating verbally and non-verbally to restore any
misunderstanding is one of the basic concepts of ethical communication I have
learned throughout my years at University of Eastern Philippines PRMC. I honor
those who come to me for help without judging, condemning, or putting blame on
their actions and mistakes, but rather consulting and directing through my ability to
communicate. Although one is socially responsible for their actions and behavior,
there are several ways of approaching a situation in a positive way. I demonstrated
my feelings through positive communication, critical thinking, and analysis. Instead
of arguing and bickering, I took into consideration the principles and tactics in my
argumentation.

COMMUNICATION

I have realize how important to have a good communication skills, and how
it is a key to life. I have learned many things like for example ways to approach
strangers, how to handle conflict and how sometimes it could be good, it's not
always bad. The way I look things was change, it taught me how to look in the other
perceptive, and not being selfish by just seeing one side, all that I have learn will help
me and others to communicate better.

THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

 The communication process refers to a series of actions or steps taken in
order to successfully communicate. It involves several components such as the
sender of the communication, the actual message being sent, the encoding of the
message, the receiver and the decoding of the message. It refers to the transmission
or passage of information or message from the sender through a selected channel to
the receiver overcoming barriers that affect its pace. The process of communication
is a cyclic one as it begins with the sender and ends with the sender in the form of
feedback.

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

The basic elements of communication process include communicator,

communicatee, message, channel and feedback. Communicator is the sender,
speaker, issuer or writer who intends to express or send out a message.
Communicatee is the receiver of the message for whom the communication is
meant.

KEY PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

This course introduces students to the broad field of human communication.

Students will learn the knowledge and skills necessary to communicate effectively in
a wide variety of situations including interpersonal communication, small group
communication, and public speaking.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORAL AND ETHICS

 Both morality and ethics loosely have to do with distinguishing the
difference between “good and bad” or “right and wrong". Many people think of
morality as something that’s personal and normative, whereas ethics is the
standards of “good and bad” distinguished by a certain community or social setting.
For example, your local community may think adultery is immoral, and you
personally may agree with that. However, the distinction can be useful if your local
community has no strong feelings about adultery, but you consider adultery immoral
on a personal level. By these definitions of the terms, your morality would contradict
the ethics of your community. In popular discourse, however, we’ll often use the
terms moral and immoral when talking about issues like adultery regardless of
whether it’s being discussed in a personal or in a community-based situation. As you
can see, the distinction can get a bit tricky.

ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

Communication ethics questions ones personal narratives about what is

good, bad, right and wrong. It makes us question communication and observe not
only what drives us to do what we do but what drives the other person in a
communication situation as well. Ethics determines how we enter situations, react
to events and ultimately carry out our daily routines.

MODULE 2:
COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES

Communication serves five major purposes: to inform, to express feelings, to

imagine, to influence, and to meet social expectations. Each of these purposes is
reflected in a form of communication.

NATURE OF INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION

The main goals for an informative speech are to help explain a specific
subject and to help the audience remember the knowledge later. One way to help an
audience remember the details of an informative speech is to maintain the interest
of the audience. This type of speech uses descriptions, demonstrations, vivid detail,
and definitions to explain a subject, person, or place the audience wants to
understand. An informative speech makes a complex topic easy to understand or
offers a different point of view.

FORMAL SITUATION REQUIRING INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION

An informative speech is one that aims to inform the audience about a given
topic. The main goal of an informative speech is to provide enlightenment regarding
a specific topic the audience knows nothing about. Informative Speeches are used to
teach, explain, tell often things we do as a matter of course in our everyday lives. For
example, at the dentist's office, the hygienist explains in detail and clarify the process
of flossing (or what happened because one did not floss). Informative
communication means a pro-active approach, rather than a reactive or ad hoc
response as issues crop up. Being proactive can avoid problems that arise from an
“information vacuum".

ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR INFORMATIVE SPEECHES

 Three organizational patterns that are particularly useful for informative
speaking are topical, chronological, and spatial. Speeches organized chronologically
trace the development of a topic or overview the steps in a process. Informational
speeches are designed to inform an audience about a topic. The information should
be organized so it is clear, logical and easy to understand and follow. The pattern of
organization depends greatly on the information presented. These three very
important studies make the importance of organization very clear. When speakers
are not organized they are not perceived as credible and their audiences view the
speeches negatively, are less likely to be persuaded, and don't remember specific
information from the speeches after the fact.

GUIDLINES FOR INFORMATIVE SPEAKING

The main goals for an informative speech are to help explain a specific
subject and to help the audience remember the knowledge later. One of the goals,
perhaps the most essential goal that drives all informative speeches is for the
speaker to inform the audience about a particular topic. A good informative speech
conveys accurate information to the audience in a way that is clear and that keeps
the listener interested in the topic. Achieving all three of these goals accuracy,
clarity, and interest is the key to being an effective speaker.

PERSUATION

There are a lot of reasons why being persuasive is an important professional

development skill in business life, as well as personal. Most importantly, persuasion
helps people take actions that will actually be in their benefit, despite the mental
roadblocks they might have that prevent them from doing so.

ELEMENTS OF PERSUASION
 Three Elements of Persuasion Ethos, Pathos, Logos. The secret lies in
following the advice of Aristotle, breaking down the essential elements of persuasion
into three parts: (1) logos or logic, (2) ethos or ethic, and (3) pathos or emotion.
Logos refers to the logic, the words and the reasons in your argument. Says Tracy, “It
is important that everything that you say fits together like links in a chain or pieces of
a jigsaw puzzle to form a coherent statement or argument. When you think through
and plan your talk, you organize your various points in a sequence from the general
to the particular, from the start to the conclusion, with each point building on each
previous point to form a persuasive argument.” The second aspect of persuasion is
ethos it refers to your character, ethics, and your believability when you speak.
Increasing your credibility with your audience before and during your speech
increases the likelihood that listeners will accept your arguments and take action on
your recommendations. Pathos is the emotional content of your presentation and is
likely the most important. It is only when you move people at an emotional level that
you can motivate them to change their thinking and take a particular action.

TYPES OF PERSUASIVE SPEECHES

There are three kinds of persuasive speeches most often used in the area of
beliefs and attitudes. These are speeches of fact, value, and policy. You can argue
about what is, what should be, or how it should be. In making any of these kinds of
speeches, you make specific claims that you seek to prove to your audience. You
make these claims by the propositions you set forth. Propositions serve as the thesis
statement for your speech. You prove your case with facts, logic, appeals to emotion,
and your credibility. If the audience accepts your arguments and agrees with the
facts, you will be successful.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES FOR PERSUASIVE SPEAKING

Public speaking should reflect the character of the speaker and should be
based on a foundation of trust, integrity, respect and dignity. The speaker should
avoid behaviors like stereotyping, damaging messages and plagiarism. Ethics in the
communications field is important because if the public views someone as not
trustworthy, it can compromise a professions reputation. A satisfying life also
develops as a result of developing trusting and caring relationships with others and
that comes from making ethical choices. Basic principles of ethics can help us lead a
more fulfilling life whether on a personal or professional level. Ethics is a system of
principles that helps us tell right from wrong, good from bad and it can give real and
practical guidance to our lives.

GENERAL TYPES OF SPEACIAL OCCASION SPEECHES

The goal of a special occasion speech is ultimately to stir an audience's

emotions and make them feel a certain way in response to the situation or occasion.
Of all the types of speeches we are most likely to have to give during our lives, many
of them will fall into the special occasion category. There are eight common forms of
ceremonial speaking: introduction, presentation, acceptance, dedication, toast,
roast, eulogy, and farewell. Special occasion speeches are usually shorter than
informative or persuasive speeches. However, they may use a pathos intended to
make the audience reflective, as in a speech given at a memorial service. Special
occasion speeches might inform the audience.

TYPES OF SPEECHES BASED ON DELIVERY

Delivery can communicate your confidence and preparedness to your

audience. Effective delivery shows your audience that you have researched your
topic and understand what you are speaking about. Think about how they
communicate confidence and enthusiasm in their arguments when making a case to
the jury. There are four main kinds of speech delivery: impromptu, extemporaneous,
manuscript, and memorized. Speeches typically serve four general purposes: to
inform, persuade, instruct, or entertain. By taking a step back to examine the general
purpose of the speech, a speaker reinforces his or her thoughts and ideas by making
sure that everything presented to argue your case aligns to that general purpose.