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Etap Ocp

The document discusses optimal capacitor placement in power systems. It describes how inductive loads and equipment cause power systems to require additional reactive power flow (vars), which reduces system capacity, increases losses, and decreases voltages. It then discusses how placing shunt capacitors can provide var support, improve voltage control, increase system capacity, reduce losses, and reduce billing charges. The document outlines the general process for capacitor placement and different placement methods, and focuses on using a genetic algorithm approach within ETAP software to determine optimal capacitor locations and sizes to minimize installation and operating costs while meeting voltage and power factor objectives. Examples of using the software for a 15 bus feeder are also provided.

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Andres Vergara
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163 views20 pages

Etap Ocp

The document discusses optimal capacitor placement in power systems. It describes how inductive loads and equipment cause power systems to require additional reactive power flow (vars), which reduces system capacity, increases losses, and decreases voltages. It then discusses how placing shunt capacitors can provide var support, improve voltage control, increase system capacity, reduce losses, and reduce billing charges. The document outlines the general process for capacitor placement and different placement methods, and focuses on using a genetic algorithm approach within ETAP software to determine optimal capacitor locations and sizes to minimize installation and operating costs while meeting voltage and power factor objectives. Examples of using the software for a 15 bus feeder are also provided.

Uploaded by

Andres Vergara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System Concepts

Problem of Var Flow in Power Systems

Due to loads and delivery apparatus (e.g.,


lines and transformers) are inductive in
nature most power system operate at a
lagging power factor. Therefore, power
systems require additional var flow,
which resulting system capacity reduced,
system loss increased and system voltage
decreased.
Purposes of Shunt Capacitor Applications

Var support – Primary benefit for transmission systems


and secondary benefit for distribution systems.
Voltage control – Primary benefit for both transmission
and distribution systems.
System capacity increase – Secondary benefit for
transmission systems and primary benefit for distribution
systems.
System power loss reduction – Secondary benefit for
transmission systems and primary benefit for distribution
systems.
Billing charge reduction – Not applied to transmission
systems but a primary benefit for distribution systems.
General Process for Placing Shunt Capacitors

 Determine bank size in kvar


 Determine connection location
 Determine a control method
 Determine a connection type (wye or
delta)
General Methods for Capacitor Placement

1. Rules of
Thumb
2. Power Flow
Based
3. Optimal
Optimal Capacitor Placement
Optimal Capacitor Placement in ETAP

Genetic Algorithm with Heuristic


Initialization
1. Use power system knowledge to
find a good initial solution
2. Use Genetic method to find
optimal (sub optimal) solution
Genetic Algorithm

 An optimization technique based on the theory


of nature selection
 An iterative procedure that maintains a
constant-size population of candidate solutions
 Coding, Initialization, Fitness Evaluation,
Selection, Crossover, Mutation
Capabilities

• Find capacitor’s best location and bank size


• Minimize the total cost of installation and
operation
• User selectable capacitor placement purpose:
Voltage Support, Power Factor Correction or Both
• Global or individual constraints
• Analysis capacitor control method and review
capacitor impact on the system with load duration
setting
• Handle radial or meshed balanced networks (PS
5.0)
Capabilities

• Speed and Precision ratio control by users


• Determine available capacitor installation
locations by users
• Determine maximum capacitor size using
maximum load and determine switchblade
capacitor size using minimum load
• Use average or source energy cost
• Focus on saving during the whole planning
period
Results

• Display Plot
– LF results for maximum – Loss reduction savings
loads during the planning
– New capacitor locations period
and sizes – Capacitor operation cost
during the planning
period
– Profit during the
planning period
Results

Report
– Capacitor locations and sizes
– Load flow results for maximum, average
and minimum loads
– Branch capacity release
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 2

A 15 bus Feeder

1. Run NR Load Flow and look at bus voltages


(Critical under voltage is set to 95% and
marginal under voltage is set to 98%)
2. Switch to OCP mode and look at the Study Case
settings
3. Run OCP and look at the voltage improvements
Example 2

A 15 bus Feeder

695 923 925 927 954 956


4x300 2x300 8x200 9x200 6x300 2x300
926 929 959 982
3x300 2x300 1x300 2x300

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