Minoufiya University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Power Engg. Department
Second year Thermodynamic (II) Subject: Gas power cycle

1- Air enters the compressor of an ideal air standard a Brayton cycle at 100kPa ,300 K
with a volumetric flow rate of 6 m3/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10. The
turbine inlet temperature is 1500K. Determine:
i- the thermal efficiency,
ii- the back work ratio, and
iii-the power developed.

2 - A gas turbine has temperature limits of 1300K and 300K. Compression and
expansion are isentropic. Calculate:
i- the pressure ratio which gives the maximum net work output,
ii- the maximum net work output,
iii- the thermal efficiency at maximum work output,
iv – the work ratio at maximum work output ,and
v – the Carnot efficiency for the same temperature limits.

3 - A gas turbine plant works between the tepmperature limits of 300 k and
1000k.The pressure limits are 5 bar and 1bar . The isentropic efficiencies of the
compressor and turbine are 0.80 and 0.85 respectively. Calculate actual thermal
efficiency power available if fuel consumption is 0.5 kg/s.
Take the following : γ =1.4 C​pa​ = C​pg​ = 1.005 kJ/kg k, R = 0.278 kJ/kg k
C​V​ of fuel = 42000 kJ/kg

4 - A simple Brayton cycle using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 8. The
minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 310 and 1160 K. Assuming an
isentropic efficiency of 75 percent for the compressor and 82 percent for the turbine,
determine (​a​) the air temperature at the turbine exit, (​b​) the net work output, and
(​c)​ the thermal efficiency.

5 - A gas turbine operates between a temperature limits of 27 o​​ C and 800 o​​ C. The
turbine outlet temperature is 450 o​​ C and compressor outlet temperature is 250 o​ C.
The pressure at the beginning of the compression is 1 bar and compresses to 6 times.
Calculate:
(A)-the compressor and turbine efficiencies,
(B)–Determine the following for both ideal and actual cycles
i- Thermal efficiency ii- work ratio
iii- pressure ratio for maximum output
6- A gas-turbine power plant operating on an ideal Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio
of 8. The gas temperature is 300 K at the compressor inlet and 1300 K at the turbine
inlet. Utilizing the air-standard assumptions, determine (​a​) the gas temperature at
the exits of the compressor and the turbine, (​b​) the back work ratio, and (​c​) the
thermal efficiency.

7 - Assuming a compressor efficiency of 80 percent and a turbine efficiency of 85

percent, determine (​a​) the back work ratio, (​b​) the thermal efficiency, and (​c​) the
turbine exit temperature of the gas-turbine cycle discussed in problem 6.

8 - Determine the thermal efficiency of the gas-turbine described in problem 7 if a

regenerator having an effectiveness of 80 percent is installed.

9 - An ideal gas-turbine cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of
expansion has an overall pressure ratio of 8. Air enters each stage of the compressor
at 300 K and each stage of the turbine at 1300 K. Determine the back work ratio and
the thermal efficiency of this gas-turbine cycle, assuming (​a​) no regenerators and (​b)​
an ideal regenerator with 100 percent effectiveness.
10 - In an air standard gas turbine cycle, air at 1 bar and 30 o​​ C is first compressed to 6
bar in a compressor of 85% efficiency. The hot air leaving the combustion chamber
at 1500​o​C is expanded back to 1 bar in a turbine of 80% efficiency. Determine (a)
compressor and turbine work quantities ,and (b) thermal efficiency of the cycle.
If a regenerator is inserted into the cycle to heat the air leaving the compressor
to 850 o​​ C, determine (c) the thermal efficiency of the cycle and (d) the
effectiveness of the regenerator.

11- An air standard gas turbine cycle operates between a pressure limits of 1 bar and
4 bar and between a temperature limits of 30​o​C and 800 o​​ C . Assume constant
specific heat .determine (i) compressor work, (ii) turbine work , and (iii) thermal
efficiency, for each of the modifications below. Assume optimum stage pressure
ratios , perfect inter-cooling and perfect heating.
Case 1 : a ideal cycle
Case 2 : modify (1) a regenerator of effectiveness 0.60 is added.
Case 3 : modify (2)a two- stage compressor with inter-cooling is inserted.
Case 4 : modify (3) at two –stage turbine with re-heater is inserted.
Case 5 : modify (4) cases 2,3 and 4 are inserted.

12 - A regenerative gas turbine with inter-cooling and reheat operates at steady

state. Air enters the compressor at 100 kPa, 300 K with a mass flow rate of 5.807
kg/s. The pressure ratio across the two-stage compressor is 10. The pressure ratio
across the two-stage turbine is also 10. The intercooler and re-heater each operate
at 300 kPa. At the inlets to the turbine stages, the temperature is 1400 K. The
 temperature at the inlet to the second compressor stage is 300 K. The isentropic
efficiency of each compressor and turbine stage is 80%. The regenerator
effectiveness is 80%. Determine (a) ​the thermal efficiency, (b) ​the back work ratio,
(c)​ ​the net power developed, in kW.

13 - A gas turbine system consists of two stages compressor and two stages turbine.
The ambient condition is 1 bar and 22 0​ ​C. Pressure ratio for each compression stage is
2.8. Adiabatic efficiency for each compressor stage is 0.82. The water inter-cooler
decreases the temperature of air to 27 0​​ C . The temperature at each turbine inlet is
827 o​ ​C . Pressure drop in each combustion chamber is 5% of the pressure at each
combustion inlet . Adiabatic efficiency for each turbine stage is o.88. Regenerative
heat exchanger effectiveness is o.75. Find:
a) The specific power output
b) The temperature of the air at heat exchanger outlet.

14 -A gas turbine system consists of two stages compressor and two stages turbine.
The ambient condition is 1 bar and 22 0​ ​C. Pressure ratio for each compression stage is
2.8. Adiabatic efficiency for each compressor stage is 0.82. The water inter-cooler
decreases the temperature of air to 27 0​​ C . The temperature at each turbine inlet is
827 o​ ​C . Pressure drop in each combustion chamber is 5% of the pressure at each
combustion inlet . Adiabatic efficiency for each turbine stage is o.88. Regenerative
heat exchanger effectiveness is o.75. Find:
a) The specific power output
b) The temperature of the air at heat exchanger outlet.

15 - Electricity and process heat requirements of a manufacturing facility are to be met

by a cogeneration plant consisting of a gas turbine and a heat exchanger for steam
production. ​The plant operates on the simple Brayton cycle between the pressure
limits of 100 and 1200 kPa with air as the working fluid. Air enters the compressor at
30°C. Combustion gases leave the turbine and enter the heat exchanger at 500°C, and
leave the heat exchanger of 350°C, while the liquid water enters the heat exchanger at
25°C and leaves at 200°C as a saturated vapor. The net power produced by the
gas-turbine cycle is 800 kW. Assuming a compressor isentropic efficiency of 82 percent
and a turbine isentropic efficiency of 88 percent and using variable specific heats,
determine (​a​) the mass flow rate of air, (​b​) the back work ratio and the thermal
efficiency, and
(​c)​ the rate at which steam is produced in the heat exchanger. Also determine (​d​) the
utilization efficiency of the cogeneration plant, defined as the ratio of the total energy
utilized to the energy supplied to the plant.
16 -A gas-turbine power plant operates on the regenerative Brayton cycle between
the pressure limits of 100 and 700 kPa. Air enters the compressor at 30°C at a rate of
12.6 kg/s and leaves at 260°C. It is then heated in a regenerator to 400°C by the hot
combustion gases leaving the turbine. A diesel fuel with a heating value of 42,000
kJ/kg is burned in the combustion chamber with a combustion efficiency of 97
percent. The combustion gases leave the combustion chamber at 871°C and enter the
turbine whose isentropic efficiency is 85 percent. Treating combustion gases as air and
using constant specific heats at 500°C, determine (​a)​ the isentropic efficiency of the
compressor, (​b​) the effectiveness of the regenerator,
(​c)​ the air–fuel ratio in the combustion chamber,
(​d​) the net power output and the back work ratio, (​e​) the thermal efficiency,