DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER STUDIES

(Applications Development and Emerging

Technologies)

PRE-SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

6
MYSQL DATABASE AND RESET PASSWORD FEATURE

Student Name / Group

RICE-IN-A-BOX
Name:
Name Role
Emmanuelle David Bermudo
Members (if Group): Franz Millan P. De Vera
Karl Mathew R. Parafina
Genesis Charles L. Tan
Section: CSSE-TN31
Professor: Mr. Abraham Magpantay

I. PROGRAM OUTCOME/S (PO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

 • Design, implement and evaluate computer-based systems or applications to meet desired needs and
requirements.

II. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME/S (CLO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

• Understand and apply best practices and standards in the development of website.
III. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME/S (ILO) OF THE LABORATORY EXERCISE
At the end of this exercise, students must be able to:
• To provide a good background of Relational Database using MySQL.
• To know the importance of Database in Web Application using MySQL.
• To Identify the importance of Database Structure in constructing tables.
• To be familiar with the syntax in managing users and database.
• To define a good structure of tables in a given database for data storage.
• To be familiar in the common syntax of creating database and tables and the correct data type to be
used for each field.

IV. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

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PHP MySQL Database
With PHP, you can connect to and manipulate databases.

MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.

What is MySQL?
• MySQL is a database system used on the web
• MySQL is a database system that runs on a server
• MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
• MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use
• MySQL uses standard SQL
• MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
• MySQL is free to download and use
• MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation
• MySQL is named after co-founder Monty Widenius's daughter: My

The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables. A table is a collection of

related data, and it consists of columns and rows.

Databases are useful for storing information categorically. A company may have
a database with the following tables:

• Employees
• Products
• Customers
• Orders

PHP + MySQL Database System

• PHP combined with MySQL are cross-platform (you can develop in
Windows and serve on a Unix platform)

Database Queries
A query is a question or a request.

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We can query a database for specific information and have a recordset
returned.

Look at the following query (using standard SQL):

SELECT LastName FROM Employees

The query above selects all the data in the "LastName" column from the
"Employees" table.

PHP Connect to MySQL

PHP 5 and later can work with a MySQL database using:

• MySQLi extension (the "i" stands for improved)

• PDO (PHP Data Objects)

Earlier versions of PHP used the MySQL extension. However, this extension
was deprecated in 2012.

Should I Use MySQLi or PDO?

If you need a short answer, it would be "Whatever you like".

Both MySQLi and PDO have their advantages:

PDO will work on 12 different database systems, whereas MySQLi will only work
with MySQL databases.

So, if you have to switch your project to use another database, PDO makes the
process easy. You only have to change the connection string and a few queries.
With MySQLi, you will need to rewrite the entire code - queries included.

Both are object-oriented, but MySQLi also offers a procedural API.

Both support Prepared Statements. Prepared Statements protect from SQL

injection, and are very important for web application security.

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MySQL Examples in Both MySQLi
and PDO Syntax
In this, and in the following chapters we demonstrate three ways of working
with PHP and MySQL:

• MySQLi (object-oriented)
• MySQLi (procedural)
• PDO

MySQLi Installation
For Linux and Windows: The MySQLi extension is automatically installed in most
cases, when php5 mysql package is installed.

For installation details, go to: http://php.net/manual/en/mysqli.installation.php

PDO Installation
For installation details, go to: http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php

Open a Connection to MySQL

Before we can access data in the MySQL database, we need to be able to
connect to the server:

Example (MySQLi Object-Oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection

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$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

Note on the object-oriented example above:

$connect_error was broken until PHP 5.2.9 and 5.3.0. If you need to ensure
compatibility with PHP versions prior to 5.2.9 and 5.3.0, use the following code
instead:

// Check connection
if (mysqli_connect_error()) {
die("Database connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

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try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=myDB", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
echo "Connected successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>

Note: In the PDO example above we have also specified a database

(myDB). PDO require a valid database to connect to. If no database is
specified, an exception is thrown.

Tip: A great benefit of PDO is that it has an exception class to handle any
problems that may occur in our database queries. If an exception is thrown
within the try{ } block, the script stops executing and flows directly to the first
catch(){ } block.

Close the Connection

The connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the
connection before, use the following:

MySQLi Object-Oriented:
$conn->close();

MySQLi Procedural:
mysqli_close($conn);

PDO:
$conn = null;

PHP Create a MySQL Database

A database consists of one or more tables.

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You will need special CREATE privileges to create or to delete a MySQL
database.

Create a MySQL Database Using

MySQLi and PDO
The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database in MySQL.

The following examples create a database named "myDB":

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDB";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Note: When you create a new database, you must only specify the first three
arguments to the mysqli object (servername, username and password).

Tip: If you have to use a specific port, add an empty string for the database-

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name argument, like this: new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "",
port)

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDB";
if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

Note: The following PDO example create a database named "myDBPDO":

Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername", $username, $password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDBPDO";

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 // use exec() because no results are returned
$conn->exec($sql);
echo "Database created successfully<br>";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}

$conn = null;
?>

Tip: A great benefit of PDO is that it has exception class to handle any problems
that may occur in our database queries. If an exception is thrown within the
try{ } block, the script stops executing and flows directly to the first catch(){ }
block. In the catch block above we echo the SQL statement and the generated
error message.

PHP MySQL Create Table

A database table has its own unique name and consists of columns and
rows.

Create a MySQL Table Using

MySQLi and PDO
The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL.

We will create a table named "MyGuests", with five columns: "id", "firstname",
"lastname", "email" and "reg_date":

CREATE TABLE MyGuests (

id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)

Notes on the table above:

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The data type specifies what type of data the column can hold. For a complete
reference of all the available data types, go to our Data Types reference.

After the data type, you can specify other optional attributes for each column:

• NOT NULL - Each row must contain a value for that column, null values
are not allowed
• DEFAULT value - Set a default value that is added when no other value is
passed
• UNSIGNED - Used for number types, limits the stored data to positive
numbers and zero
• AUTO INCREMENT - MySQL automatically increases the value of the field
by 1 each time a new record is added
• PRIMARY KEY - Used to uniquely identify the rows in a table. The column
with PRIMARY KEY setting is often an ID number, and is often used with
AUTO_INCREMENT

Each table should have a primary key column (in this case: the "id" column). Its
value must be unique for each record in the table.

The following examples shows how to create the table in PHP:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// sql to create table

$sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

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)";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "Table MyGuests created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

// sql to create table

$sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Table MyGuests created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

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Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

// sql to create table

$sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)";

// use exec() because no results are returned

$conn->exec($sql);
echo "Table MyGuests created successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}

$conn = null;
?>

Insert Data Into MySQL Using

MySQLi and PDO
After a database and a table have been created, we can start adding data in
them.

Here are some syntax rules to follow:

• The SQL query must be quoted in PHP

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 • String values inside the SQL query must be quoted
• Numeric values must not be quoted
• The word NULL must not be quoted

The INSERT INTO statement is used to add new records to a MySQL table:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.

In the previous chapter we created an empty table named "MyGuests" with five
columns: "id", "firstname", "lastname", "email" and "reg_date". Now, let us fill
the table with data.

Note: If a column is AUTO_INCREMENT (like the "id" column) or TIMESTAMP

with default update of current_timesamp (like the "reg_date" column), it is no
need to be specified in the SQL query; MySQL will automatically add the value.

The following examples add a new record to the "MyGuests" table:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}

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$conn->close();
?>

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

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 $sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";
// use exec() because no results are returned
$conn->exec($sql);
echo "New record created successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}

$conn = null;
?>

Get ID of The Last Inserted Record

If we perform an INSERT or UPDATE on a table with an AUTO_INCREMENT field,
we can get the ID of the last inserted/updated record immediately.

In the table "MyGuests", the "id" column is an AUTO_INCREMENT field:

CREATE TABLE MyGuests (

id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)

The following examples are equal to the examples from the previous page (PHP
Insert Data Into MySQL), except that we have added one single line of code to
retrieve the ID of the last inserted record. We also echo the last inserted ID:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {

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 die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

$last_id = $conn->insert_id;
echo "New record created successfully. Last inserted ID is: " .
$last_id;
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
$last_id = mysqli_insert_id($conn);
echo "New record created successfully. Last inserted ID is: " .
$last_id;
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . mysqli_error($conn);
}

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mysqli_close($conn);
?>

Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";
// use exec() because no results are returned
$conn->exec($sql);
$last_id = $conn->lastInsertId();
echo "New record created successfully. Last inserted ID is: " .
$last_id;
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}

$conn = null;
?>

Insert Multiple Records Into MySQL

Using MySQLi and PDO
Multiple SQL statements must be executed with
the mysqli_multi_query() function.

The following examples add three new records to the "MyGuests" table:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

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<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)

VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]');";
$sql .= "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Mary', 'Moe', '[email protected]');";
$sql .= "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Julie', 'Dooley', '[email protected]')";

if ($conn->multi_query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "New records created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Note that each SQL statement must be separated by a semicolon.

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 19 of 51

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]');";
$sql .= "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Mary', 'Moe', '[email protected]');";
$sql .= "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Julie', 'Dooley', '[email protected]')";

if (mysqli_multi_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "New records created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

The PDO way is a little bit different:

Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

// begin the transaction

$conn->beginTransaction();
// our SQL statements
$conn->exec("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')");
$conn->exec("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Mary', 'Moe', '[email protected]')");
$conn->exec("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES ('Julie', 'Dooley', '[email protected]')");

// commit the transaction

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 $conn->commit();
echo "New records created successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
// roll back the transaction if something failed
$conn->rollback();
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}

$conn = null;
?>

Prepared Statements and Bound

Parameters
A prepared statement is a feature used to execute the same (or similar) SQL
statements repeatedly with high efficiency.

Prepared statements basically work like this:

1. Prepare: An SQL statement template is created and sent to the database.

Certain values are left unspecified, called parameters (labeled "?").
Example: INSERT INTO MyGuests VALUES(?, ?, ?)
2. The database parses, compiles, and performs query optimization on the
SQL statement template, and stores the result without executing it
3. Execute: At a later time, the application binds the values to the
parameters, and the database executes the statement. The application
may execute the statement as many times as it wants with different
values

Compared to executing SQL statements directly, prepared statements have

three main advantages:

• Prepared statements reduce parsing time as the preparation on the query

is done only once (although the statement is executed multiple times)
• Bound parameters minimize bandwidth to the server as you need send
only the parameters each time, and not the whole query
• Prepared statements are very useful against SQL injections, because
parameter values, which are transmitted later using a different protocol,
need not be correctly escaped. If the original statement template is not
derived from external input, SQL injection cannot occur.

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 21 of 51

Example (MySQLi with Prepared
Statements)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// prepare and bind

$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)
VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
$stmt->bind_param("sss", $firstname, $lastname, $email);

// set parameters and execute

$firstname = "John";
$lastname = "Doe";
$email = "[email protected]";
$stmt->execute();

$firstname = "Mary";
$lastname = "Moe";
$email = "[email protected]";
$stmt->execute();

$firstname = "Julie";
$lastname = "Dooley";
$email = "[email protected]";
$stmt->execute();

echo "New records created successfully";

$stmt->close();

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$conn->close();
?>

Code lines to explain from the example above:

"INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"

In our SQL, we insert a question mark (?) where we want to substitute in an

integer, string, double or blob value.

Then, have a look at the bind_param() function:

$stmt->bind_param("sss", $firstname, $lastname, $email);

This function binds the parameters to the SQL query and tells the database
what the parameters are. The "sss" argument lists the types of data that the
parameters are. The s character tells mysql that the parameter is a string.

The argument may be one of four types:

• i - integer
• d - double
• s - string
• b - BLOB

We must have one of these for each parameter.

By telling mysql what type of data to expect, we minimize the risk of SQL
injections.

Note: If we want to insert any data from external sources (like user input), it is
very important that the data is sanitized and validated.

Example (PDO with Prepared

Statements)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

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try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

// prepare sql and bind parameters

$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname,
email)
VALUES (:firstname, :lastname, :email)");
$stmt->bindParam(':firstname', $firstname);
$stmt->bindParam(':lastname', $lastname);
$stmt->bindParam(':email', $email);

// insert a row
$firstname = "John";
$lastname = "Doe";
$email = "[email protected]";
$stmt->execute();

// insert another row

$firstname = "Mary";
$lastname = "Moe";
$email = "[email protected]";
$stmt->execute();

// insert another row

$firstname = "Julie";
$lastname = "Dooley";
$email = "[email protected]";
$stmt->execute();

echo "New records created successfully";

} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
?>

Select Data From a MySQL

Database

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 24 of 51

The SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables:

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name

or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table:

SELECT * FROM table_name

Select Data With MySQLi

The following example selects the id, firstname and lastname columns from the
MyGuests table and displays it on the page:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";

$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 25 of 51

Code lines to explain from the example above:

First, we set up an SQL query that selects the id, firstname and lastname
columns from the MyGuests table. The next line of code runs the query and puts
the resulting data into a variable called $result.

Then, the function num_rows() checks if there are more than zero rows returned.

If there are more than zero rows returned, the function fetch_assoc() puts all the
results into an associative array that we can loop through. The while() loop
loops through the result set and outputs the data from the id, firstname and
lastname columns.

The following example shows the same as the example above, in the MySQLi
procedural way:

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 26 of 51

mysqli_close($conn);
?>
You can also put the result in an HTML table:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";

$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
echo "<table><tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th></tr>";
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "<tr><td>".$row["id"]."</td><td>".$row["firstname"]."
".$row["lastname"]."</td></tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Select Data With PDO (+ Prepared

Statements)
The following example uses prepared statements.

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 27 of 51

It selects the id, firstname and lastname columns from the MyGuests table and
displays it in an HTML table:

Example (PDO)
<?php
echo "<table style='border: solid 1px black;'>";
echo "<tr><th>Id</th><th>Firstname</th><th>Lastname</th></tr>";

class TableRows extends RecursiveIteratorIterator {

function __construct($it) {
parent::__construct($it, self::LEAVES_ONLY);
}

function current() {
return "<td style='width:150px;border:1px solid black;'>" .
parent::current(). "</td>";
}

function beginChildren() {
echo "<tr>";
}

function endChildren() {
echo "</tr>" . "\n";
}
}

$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests");
$stmt->execute();

// set the resulting array to associative

$result = $stmt->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
foreach(new TableRows(new RecursiveArrayIterator($stmt-
>fetchAll())) as $k=>$v) {
echo $v;

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 28 of 51

 }
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
echo "</table>";
?>

Select and Filter Data From a

MySQL Database
The WHERE clause is used to filter records.

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified
condition.

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value

Select and Filter Data With MySQLi

The following example selects the id, firstname and lastname columns from the
MyGuests table where the lastname is "Doe", and displays it on the page:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests WHERE

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 29 of 51

lastname='Doe'";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Code lines to explain from the example above:

First, we set up the SQL query that selects the id, firstname and lastname
columns from the MyGuests table where the lastname is "Doe". The next line of
code runs the query and puts the resulting data into a variable called $result.

Then, the function num_rows() checks if there are more than zero rows returned.

If there are more than zero rows returned, the function fetch_assoc() puts all the
results into an associative array that we can loop through. The while() loop
loops through the result set and outputs the data from the id, firstname and
lastname columns.

The following example shows the same as the example above, in the MySQLi
procedural way:

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 30 of 51

 die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests WHERE

lastname='Doe'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

You can also put the result in an HTML table:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests WHERE

lastname='Doe'";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
echo "<table><tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th></tr>";
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 31 of 51

 echo "<tr><td>".$row["id"]."</td><td>".$row["firstname"]."
".$row["lastname"]."</td></tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Select Data With PDO (+ Prepared

Statements)
The following example uses prepared statements.

It selects the id, firstname and lastname columns from the MyGuests table
where the lastname is "Doe", and displays it in an HTML table:

Example (PDO)
<?php
echo "<table style='border: solid 1px black;'>";
echo "<tr><th>Id</th><th>Firstname</th><th>Lastname</th></tr>";

class TableRows extends RecursiveIteratorIterator {

function __construct($it) {
parent::__construct($it, self::LEAVES_ONLY);
}

function current() {
return "<td style='width:150px;border:1px solid black;'>" .
parent::current(). "</td>";
}

function beginChildren() {
echo "<tr>";
}

function endChildren() {
echo "</tr>" . "\n";
}
}

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 32 of 51

$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests
WHERE lastname='Doe'");
$stmt->execute();

// set the resulting array to associative

$result = $stmt->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
foreach(new TableRows(new RecursiveArrayIterator($stmt-
>fetchAll())) as $k=>$v) {
echo $v;
}
}
catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
echo "</table>";
?>

Select and Order Data From a

MySQL Database
The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result-set in ascending or descending
order.

The ORDER BY clause sorts the records in ascending order by default. To sort
the records in descending order, use the DESC keyword.

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC|DESC

Select and Order Data With MySQLi

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 33 of 51
The following example selects the id, firstname and lastname columns from the
MyGuests table. The records will be ordered by the lastname column:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests ORDER BY lastname";

$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Code lines to explain from the example above:

First, we set up the SQL query that selects the id, firstname and lastname
columns from the MyGuests table. The records will be ordered by the lastname
column. The next line of code runs the query and puts the resulting data into a
variable called $result.

Then, the function num_rows() checks if there are more than zero rows returned.

If there are more than zero rows returned, the function fetch_assoc() puts all the
results into an associative array that we can loop through. The while() loop

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 34 of 51

loops through the result set and outputs the data from the id, firstname and
lastname columns.

The following example shows the same as the example above, in the MySQLi
procedural way:

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests ORDER BY lastname";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

You can also put the result in an HTML table:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 35 of 51

$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests ORDER BY lastname";

$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
echo "<table><tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th></tr>";
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "<tr><td>".$row["id"]."</td><td>".$row["firstname"]."
".$row["lastname"]."</td></tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Select Data With PDO (+ Prepared

Statements)
The following example uses prepared statements.

Here we select the id, firstname and lastname columns from the MyGuests
table. The records will be ordered by the lastname column, and it will be
displayed in an HTML table:

Example (PDO)
<?php
echo "<table style='border: solid 1px black;'>";
echo "<tr><th>Id</th><th>Firstname</th><th>Lastname</th></tr>";

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 36 of 51

class TableRows extends RecursiveIteratorIterator {
function __construct($it) {
parent::__construct($it, self::LEAVES_ONLY);
}

function current() {
return "<td style='width:150px;border:1px solid black;'>" .
parent::current(). "</td>";
}

function beginChildren() {
echo "<tr>";
}

function endChildren() {
echo "</tr>" . "\n";
}
}

$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests
ORDER BY lastname");
$stmt->execute();

// set the resulting array to associative

$result = $stmt->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
foreach(new TableRows(new RecursiveArrayIterator($stmt-
>fetchAll())) as $k=>$v) {
echo $v;
}
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
$conn = null;
echo "</table>";
?>

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 37 of 51

Delete Data From a MySQL Table
Using MySQLi and PDO
The DELETE statement is used to delete records from a table:

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE some_column = some_value

Notice the WHERE clause in the DELETE syntax: The WHERE clause
specifies which record or records that should be deleted. If you omit the WHERE
clause, all records will be deleted!

Let's look at the "MyGuests" table:

id firstname lastname email reg_date

1 John Doe [email protected] 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Moe [email protected] 2014-10-23 10:22:30

3 Julie Dooley [email protected] 2014-10-26 10:48:23

The following examples delete the record with id=3 in the "MyGuests" table:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// sql to delete a record

$sql = "DELETE FROM MyGuests WHERE id=3";

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 38 of 51

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

// sql to delete a record

$sql = "DELETE FROM MyGuests WHERE id=3";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 39 of 51

$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

// sql to delete a record

$sql = "DELETE FROM MyGuests WHERE id=3";

// use exec() because no results are returned

$conn->exec($sql);
echo "Record deleted successfully";
} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}

$conn = null;
?>

After the record is deleted, the table will look like this:

id firstname lastname email reg_date

1 John Doe [email protected] 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Moe [email protected] 2014-10-23 10:22:30

Update Data In a MySQL Table

Using MySQLi and PDO
The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table:

UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value

Notice the WHERE clause in the UPDATE syntax: The WHERE clause
specifies which record or records that should be updated. If you omit the
WHERE clause, all records will be updated!

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 40 of 51

Let's look at the "MyGuests" table:

id firstname lastname email reg_date

1 John Doe [email protected] 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Moe [email protected] 2014-10-23 10:22:30

The following examples update the record with id=2 in the "MyGuests" table:

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 41 of 51

$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";

if (mysqli_query($conn, $sql)) {
echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . mysqli_error($conn);
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

Example (PDO)
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDBPDO";

try {
$conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=$dbname", $username,
$password);
// set the PDO error mode to exception
$conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";

// Prepare statement
$stmt = $conn->prepare($sql);

// execute the query

$stmt->execute();

// echo a message to say the UPDATE succeeded

echo $stmt->rowCount() . " records UPDATED successfully";

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 42 of 51

} catch(PDOException $e) {
echo $sql . "<br>" . $e->getMessage();
}

$conn = null;
?>

After the record is updated, the table will look like this:

id firstname lastname email reg_date

1 John Doe [email protected] 2014-10-22 14:26:15

2 Mary Doe [email protected] 2014-10-23 10:22:30

V. GRADING SYSTEM / RUBRIC (please see separate sheet)

VI. LABORATORY ACTIVITY

1. Using MySQL create 10 records for the DOG Information use the following
fields Name, Breed, Age, Address, Color, Height and Weight. Integrate
HTML, CSS and PHP.

Example View of the webpage (DogRegister.php)

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 43 of 51

 After click the save button, information will save to the database

Index.php

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 44 of 51

 DogRegister.php Output:

Input the Dog’s Information then press the submit button

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 45 of 51

 2. Create separate webpage to show all record of the dog. Please see the
example below (DogView.php):

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 46 of 51

 3. Screenshot the result of your database from the XAMPP. See the example
below

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 47 of 51

DogView.php Output:

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 48 of 51

RESULT OF DATABASE FROM XAMPP

Snip and paste your source codes here. Snip it directly from the IDE so that colors of the codes are
preserved for readability. Include additional pages if necessary.

VII. QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. What is database?
A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer
system. Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is typically modeled in rows and columns
in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient. The data can then be easily accessed, managed,
modified, updated, controlled, and organized. Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is
typically modeled in rows and columns in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient. The data
can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized.

2. Give at least 5 where you can use a database

Gaming- You can store player’s info, statistical data and achievements
Personal Storage- People can store their data in google drive or drop box.
Finances- ATM card, Bank accounts, people can easily send money, check their balance using online payment.
Social Media- It can store user’s information to recommend friends, new products, food and business.
Weather- People can easily lookup on the upcoming weather events so that they can be aware.

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 49 of 51

3. What is MySQL?
MySQL is one of the most popular RDBMS software’s brand names, which implements a client-server model. SQL
statements can instruct the server to perform certain operations like data query, manipulation, identity and access
control.

4. What is the importance of MySQL in PHP?

The PHP is great for dynamic web application development, it doesn’t store information by itself. For storing the
information, we need a database, and the database of choice for PHP developers is MySQL. MySQL automates the
most frequent tasks related to retrieving and storing unique user information based on supplied criteria

5. Different command function used in MySQL?

Adding Values to the New Column - INSERT INTO

If we want to count the number of rows in a table - SELECT COUNT (*) FROM
Adding a Column to the Table - ALTER TABLE Information ADD COLUMN
Viewing the Table - SELECT * FROM

6. Give 10 Examples of websites that use database.

1. BDO Mobile Banking
2. Facebook
3. Oracle Cloud
4, Youtube
5.Binance
6. Google
7. Netflix
8. Twitter
9. Instagram
10. Telegram

VIII. REFERENCES

1. https://www.w3schools.com/css/
2. https://www.w3schools.com/html/
3. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_variables.asp
4. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_intro.asp
5. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_connect.asp
6. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_create.asp
7. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_create_table.asp
8. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_insert.asp
9. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_insert_multiple.asp
10. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_select.asp
11. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_select_where.asp
12. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_select_orderby.asp
13. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_delete.asp
14. https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_update.asp

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 50 of 51

 15. https://skillforge.com/how-to-create-a-database-using-phpmyadmin-xampp/

Note: The following rubrics/metrics will be used to grade students’ output.

Program (100 (Excellent) (Good) (Fair) (Poor)

pts.)
Program Program executes Program executes Program executes Program does not
execution (20pts) correctly with no with less than 3 with more than 3 execute (10-
syntax or runtime errors (15-17pts) errors (12-14pts) 11pts)
errors (18-20pts)
Correct output Program displays Output has minor Output has Output is incorrect
(20pts) correct output errors (15-17pts) multiple errors (10-11pts)
with no errors (12-14pts)
(18-20pts)
Design of output Program displays Program displays Program does not Output is poorly
(10pts) more than minimally display the designed (5pts)
expected (10pts) expected output required output
(8-9pts) (6-7pts)
Design of logic Program is Program has Program has Program is
(20pts) logically well slight logic errors significant logic incorrect (10-
designed (18- that do no errors (3-5pts) 11pts)
20pts) significantly
affect the results
(15-17pts)
Standards Program code is Few inappropriate Several Program is poorly
(20pts) stylistically well design choices inappropriate written (10-11pts)
designed (18- (i.e. poor variable design choices
20pts) names, improper (i.e. poor variable
indentation) (15- names, improper
17pts) indentation) (12-
14pts)
Delivery The program was The program was The program was The program was
(10pts) delivered on time. delivered a day delivered two delivered more
(10pts) after the deadline. days after the than two days
(8-9pts) deadline. (6-7pts) after the deadline.
(5pts)

Applications Development and Emerging Technologies Page 51 of 51