English Language vs Mathematics Language

 Ana est deux fois plus âgée que son frère et

la somme de leurs âges est de 36 ans. Quel
âge ont-ils?
 To be able to understand the idea/concepts
of Maths.
 To be able to understand the idea/concepts
of Maths.
 To figure out clearly the logic of maths
 Precise
 Precise
 Concise
 Precise
 Concise
 Powerful
1. Vocabulary
2. Grammar
 ENGLISH MATHEMATICS
SYMBOLS English Alphabet and English Alphabet,
punctuation Numerals, Greek
Letters, Grouping
Symbols, Special
Symbols
Name Noun Expressions
Complete though Sentence Sentence
Action Verbs Operations and other
actions(e.g. simplify,
rationalize
What’s is in a sentence Verbs Equality, inequality,
membership in a set
Attribute of a sentence Fact or fiction True or false
Synonyms Different words but The same object but
the same meaning different names
 English – Noun
= is used to name things we want to talk
about

 Math – Expression
= refers to the object of interest
 English– Noun
= is used to name things we want to talk
about

Examples:
Carol loves Mathematics
 English– Noun
= is used to name things we want to talk
about

Examples:
Carol loves Mathematics
 Math – Expression
= refers to the object of interest.

Examples:
5, 1.2 + 6, 3x – 3
 Math – Expression
= refers to the object of interest.

Examples:
5, 1.2 + 6, 3x – 3

Other types of expression:

* numbers, set, functions, ordered pairs,
matrices, vectors, groups..
 ENGLISH MATHEMATICS
SYMBOLS English Alphabet and English Alphabet,
punctuation Numerals, Greek
Letters, Grouping
Symbols, Special
Symbols
Name Noun Expressions
Complete though Sentence Sentence
Action Verbs Operations and other
actions(e.g. simplify,
rationalize
What’s is in a sentence Verbs Equality, inequality,
membership in a set
Attribute of a sentence Fact or fiction True or false
Synonyms Different words but The same object but
the same meaning different names
 English/Math– Sentence
= must show complete thought (noun and
verb)
= can express true, false or sometimes true
or sometimes false idea.

Examples:

Carol loves Mathematics 1.2 + 6 = 7.2

 ENGLISH MATHEMATICS
SYMBOLS English Alphabet and English Alphabet,
punctuation Numerals, Greek
Letters, Grouping
Symbols, Special
Symbols
Name Noun Expressions
Complete though Sentence Sentence
Action Verbs Operations and other
actions(e.g. simplify,
rationalize
What’s is in a sentence Verbs Equality, inequality,
membership in a set
Attribute of a sentence Fact or fiction True or false
Synonyms Different words but The same object but
the same meaning different names
 English– Synonyms
= different words with the same meaning
(have nearest meaning)

Example : Group - association

 Mathematics – Synonyms
= the same object but different names

Example : 1 + 2 + 5 and 9
½ + ½ , 2 - 1, 5/5,
 Some Difficulties in the Math Language
1. Different meaning/use of words in Math
and English
 Some Difficulties in the Math Language
1. Different meaning/use of words in Math
and English
“and” is equivalent to plus
 Some Difficulties in the Math Language
1. Different meaning/use of words in Math
and English
“and” is equivalent to plus
“is” may have different meaning
 Some Difficulties in the Math Language
1. Different meaning/use of words in Math
and English
“and” is equivalent to plus
“is” may have different meaning

2. The different uses of numbers : cardinal,

ordinal or nominal
 Some Difficulties in the Math Language
1. Different meaning/use of words in Math
and English
“and” is equivalent to plus
“is” may have different meaning

2. The different uses of numbers : cardinal,

ordinal or nominal

3. Mathematical objects may be expressed

in many ways
Exercise:
Translate each of the following phrases into
mathematical expression. Use as few
variables as possible:

1. The sum of a number and 10

2. The product of two numbers
3. The product of -1 and a number
4. One-half time the sum of two numbers
5. Twice a number.
6. Five less than a number
7. A number, less 8
8. Six more than a number
9. A number, plus 6
10. The square of a number
11. Four times the square of a number
12. One –half a number
13. Three less than twice a number
14. Five more than three a number
15. The square of the sum of 5 and a number
17. There are twice as many boys as there are
girls
18. There are 10 more cars than jeeps
19. A man’s age 10 years ago
20. The area of a rectangle whose length is 7
more than the width.
1. X + 10
2. X•y
3. -1 • x
4. ½ (X + Y)
5. 2X
6. X–5
7. X–8
8. X+6
9. X+6
10. X2
Choose a quantity to be represented by a
variable, then write the mathematical
expression for each.

1. Lota’s age in 5 years

Choose a quantity to be represented by a
variable, then write the mathematical
expression for each.

1. Lota’s age in 5 years

Answer : let x = be the present age of lota

2. A three-digit numbers whose hundreds digit
is half the tens digit and the tens digit is 2
more than the units digit.
2. A three-digit numbers whose hundreds digit
is half the tens digit and the tens digit is 2
more than the units digit.

Let x = be the unit’s value

½ (x + 2) x+2 x
3. The total interest earned after one year
when P 100 000 is invested part at 6 %
annual interest rate and the remaining part
at 7.5 % annual interest rate.
3. The total interest earned after one year
when P 100 000 is invested part at 6 %
annual interest rate and the remaining part
at 7.5 % annual interest rate.

Answer :
Let x = be the part to be invested to at 7.5%
y = be the total earned interest

(P 100 000 – x)0.06 + 0.075x = y

Symbol Say Means Examples

Ex. % Percent Represents a 32/100 = 32%

quantity out of
100

1. f(x)

2. loga x

3. l x – y l
Analyze each statement below then identify
which of them are grammatically correct
and if not find the error.

1. 5N
2. (1,2)  f where f is a function
3. X > 2 or x > 1 is equivalent to 2<x<1
4. 2  Real nos.
Elementary Logic
Logic allows us to determine the validity of
arguments in and out of mathematics.

Proposition = is a declarative statements is

logic that may expressed an idea which can
be true or false but not both.
= expressed by the symbols P, Q, R or p, q, r
Types of Propositions
1. Simple – means single idea statement
2. Compounds – conveys two or more ideas.
Statements Connective Symbolic Form Type of
Statements
Not p Not P Negation
P and Q And PQ Conjunction
P or Q Or PQ Disjunction
If P, then q If…. Then P Q Conditional
P if and only if If and only if PQ biconditional
q
1. Universal Quantifier “ for all” or “for
every” , denoted by ∀
2. Existential Quantifier “ there exists”
denoted by 
 The Converse of pq is q  q
 The Inverse of pq is p  q
 The Contrapositive of p  q is q  p
A. Write the following in symbolic form using
P, Q, R statements and the symbol
,,,, where

P : The sun is shining

Q : It is raining
R : The ground is wet

1. If it is raining then the sun is not shining

A. Write the following in symbolic form using
P, Q, R statements and the symbol
,,,, where

P : The sun is shining

Q : It is raining
R : The ground is wet

1. If it is raining then the sun is not shining

Answer : Q P
A. Write the following in symbolic form using
P, Q, R statements and the symbol
,,,, where

P : The sun is shining

Q : It is raining
R : The ground is wet

2. It is raining and the ground is wet

A. Write the following in symbolic form using
P, Q, R statements and the symbol
,,,, where

P : The sun is shining

Q : It is raining
R : The ground is wet

2. It is raining and the ground is wet.

Answer : Q  R
A. Write the following in symbolic form using
P, Q, R statements and the symbol
,,,, where

P : The sun is shining

Q : It is raining
R : The ground is wet
3. The ground is wet if and only if it is raining
and the sun is shining
A. Write the following in symbolic form using
P, Q, R statements and the symbol
,,,, where

P : The sun is shining

Q : It is raining
R : The ground is wet
3. The ground is wet if and only if it is raining
and the sun is shining.
Answer: R  (Q  P)
B. Write the statement using ∀ and  as
needed.
1. Everyone in the room is a registered
student .
2. Not all men are mortal.
B. Write the statement using ∀ and  as
needed.
1. Everyone in the room is a registered
student .
2. Not all men are mortal.
Answer:
1. ∀ Person x in the room, x is registered
nurse.
2.  men x such that x is immortal.