Middle East Technical University - NCC

EEE202 - Circuits Theory II Laboratory

EEE 202 EXPERIMENT #1

IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT
Abstract
Impedance measurement methods are introduced and impedances of several electrical components
are measured.

Preliminary Work
1. Consider the voltage divider circuit in Figure 1. Propose a method to find the I-V characteristics
of a resistive element R using the given circuit configuration and oscilloscope. Decide on the
probe connections and mode of operation.

i 1 K

i +

vin (t) = Vi sin(wt)

R V

-
Figure 1

2. Consider the circuit of Figure 2. One voltmeter and ammeter is used in the circuit, and note
that those measurement tools always measures RMS value of the signal. Find capacitance of
the capacitor C in terms of the measured current and voltage values and the angular frequency
w.

+
A
Rs
+
vin (t) = Vi sin(wt)
V C

Figure 2

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EEE202 - Circuits Theory II Laboratory

Information on Wheatstone bridge circuit:

The Wheatstone bridge circuit shown in Figure 3 is used to measure an unknown resistance R.

a
i1 i2

R1 R2

vin (t) b D c
I iD i3

R R3

d
Figure 3

The detector D, used to check whether the bridge is balanced, can be an ammeter, a voltmeter or a
scope. When the bridge is balanced, the detector current iD is zero (the balance situation is achieved
by adjusting R3). Thus,

𝑣𝑎𝑏 = 𝑣𝑎𝑐  𝑅1 ∙ 𝑖1 = 𝑅2 ∙ 𝑖2
𝑣𝑏𝑑 = 𝑣𝑐𝑑  𝑅 ∙ 𝑖 = 𝑅3 ∙ 𝑖3
𝑖1 = 𝑖,
𝑖2 = 𝑖3
which yields;
𝑅1
𝑅= ∙𝑅
𝑅2 3

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Middle East Technical University - NCC
EEE202 - Circuits Theory II Laboratory

3. The capacitance comparison bridge circuit shown in Figure 4 is used to measure an unknown
capacitance C and its associated resistance R.

a
i2
i1
R2
R1

vin (t) = Vi sin(wt) b iD c

D
R3 R
i3 i

C3 C

d
Figure 4

Derive the given expressions for C and R when the bridge is balanced:
𝑅1
𝐶= ∙𝐶
𝑅2 3
𝑅2
𝑅= ∙𝑅
𝑅1 3

4. Consider the circuit of Figure 5. Find the charge q and the capacitance of the capacitor C in
terms of K, R, v2 and vc.
t
v2 (t )  K  v1 ( )d


iI = 0

+ +

vin (t) v1 INTEGRATOR v2

R

- -

- vc +

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EEE202 - Circuits Theory II Laboratory

5. Replace C in Figure 3 by an inductor L whose practical equivalent model is shown in Figure 6

where r is the resistance of turns. Find L in terms of the measured current and voltage values,
the angular frequency  and the resistance r.

L r

Figure 6

6. The Maxwell bridge circuit shown in Fig.7 is used to measure an unknown inductance L and its
resistance of turns. Derive the given expressions for L and r when the bridge is balanced:

𝐿 = 𝐶1 ∙ 𝑅2 ∙ 𝑅3

𝑅2 ∙ 𝑅3
𝑟=
𝑅1

i1 i2

R1 R2

C1

vin (t) b iD D c

i3 i
R3 L, r

Figure 7

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Middle East Technical University - NCC
EEE202 - Circuits Theory II Laboratory

7. Consider the circuit given in Figure 8. Find the flux  and the inductance of the inductor L in
terms of K, R, v2 and vR

t
v2 (t )  K  v1 ( )d


iI = 0

+ +

vin (t) L v1 INTEGRATOR v2

R - -

- vR +
Figure 8

8. Consider the circuit given in Figure 9. Propose two methods to obtain the magnitude and the
phase of unknown impedance, Z, using scope (Hint: Use X-Y and DUAL modes of scope. Assume
that the magnitude of the unknown impedance is much larger than 1Ω).

vin (t) = Vi sin (t)

R=1

Figure 9

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Middle East Technical University - NCC
EEE202 - Circuits Theory II Laboratory

Experimental Procedure

1. Set up the circuit of Figure 10. At three different positions (two extremes and near middle) of
the potentiometer, obtain and plot the I-V characteristics, and determine the resistance in
each case.

(Hint: Take VIN high as possible to make voltage drop on R bigger so easily observable.)

G
1 K

vin (t) = Vi sin (t) R (2.2 K pot)

f = 100 Hz

X
Figure 10

2. Adjust the signal generator to 500 Hz, 6 VPeak and apply this signal to a capacitor C of 1F
nominal capacitance value. Measure the current through and voltage across C using a
multimeter and determine its capacitance.

3. Set up the circuit of Figure 11 for 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑡) = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑓𝑡) volts, f = 100 Hz. Obtain and plot the
V-q characteristics of the capacitor C and determine its capacitance.
t
1
v2 (t ) 
R1C1  v ( )d

1

R1 100 K
Y

+ +
C1
vin (t) 100  v1 0.1 F v2

- vc + - -

220 F Gx,y
X
Figure 11

4. Repeat Part 2 for an inductor L of 0.1 H nominal inductance value, to determine its inductance.
Note that the resistance of turns should be measured using a multimeter.

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EEE202 - Circuits Theory II Laboratory

5. Set up the Maxwell bridge circuit shown in Figure 7 with two potentiometers as R1 = 4.7k
POT and R2=500 POT, C1=0.1uF, R3 = 1.2 k and 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑡) = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2000𝑡) volts. Calculate L
and r (use voltmeter as the detector D).

6. Find the impedance Z shown in Figure 12 for f = 1.5 kHz using a scope.

A A

C R C = 0.1 F
Z  R = 1 K
L = 0.1 H
L

B B

Figure 12

Equipment List
Devices
Oscilloscope
Signal Generator
Multimeter
Capacitors
0.1F 1 F 220 F
Inductor
0.1 H
Resistors
1Ω 100Ω 21kΩ 21.2kΩ
100 KΩ 2.2 kΩ pot