Project report

On

Rank wise survey of National Tiger Reserve

Forest in India and its Tourism Attraction

Compiled by
Palak keshwani

enrollment no: 176593230

subject : Bts

subject code : bts 5

Abstract
In this research we will get to know about ‘’ rank wise survey national tiger reserve forest in
India and its tourism attraction India, rich in flora and fauna, is home to some globally-
recognised national parks and game reserves. From Uttarakhand’s
Jim Corbett National Park to West Bengal’s Sundarbans National Park, all
attract nature and wildlife enthusiasts in large numbers every year. Mentioned here are few of
the famous parks and reserves of the country. Binsar covers the top of the Jhandi Dhar hills,
and is a mid-altitude wildlife sanctuary, home to wild boar, deer, monkey, black bear,
porcupine, mountain goat, red fox, jackal, pine marten, leopards, 200 species of birds and
more. At the top of the local hills there's a point with an amazing view of the Himalayan
range: a 300-km wide stretch of peaks that include Kedarnath (6942 m), Chaukhamba (7140
m), Trishul (7120 m), Nanda Devi (7816 m), Nanda Kot (6611 m) and Panchchuli (6904 m).
Assam is a place of huge biodiversity, since it is largely unspoiled in terms of natural
habitats. Its world famous Manas National Park, located on the lowest slopes of the Eastern
Himalayas, preserves rainforests packed with rare tree species and wetlands fed by some of
the highest rainfall levels on earth, not to mention the Manas River, a tributary of the sacred
Brahmaputra River. The river splits into two separate rivers, namely, Beki and Bholkaduba.
There are also five other smaller rivers you can find here inside the sanctuary. Species, such
as the Asian elephant and Indian rhinoceros, which are dwindling fast in other areas, are
beginning to thrive here with the assistance of various conservation projects. 
 Table of Content
Introduction

Objectives of the study

Scope of the study

Literature review

Research methodology

Hypothesis of the study

Theoretical perspective

Data analysis and Interpretation

Findings and recommendation

Conclusion

References
Introduction
 The legendary hunter turned conservationist Jim Corbett, this National Park was set up in
1936. It is often considered as India’s first National Park and has an interesting variety of
fauna and flora. It is located in the Patli Dun valley in the state of Uttar Pradesh and covers an
enormous core area of 500 sq km. Situated at the base of Himalayas and on the banks of river
Ramganga, this park is gifted with breathtaking landscapes. This is one few tiger reserves in
India that provides a wonderful experience in nature. The tiger reserve has been divided into
five regions with each region offering great tours. The five different tourism zones are
Dhikala, Bijrani, Jhirna, Domunda and Sonanadi. Among these, the Dhikala and Bijrani also
jungle tour and elephant safari. Each of this five regions are accessible through a dedicated
gate. Every gate has different entry/exit timings and is accessible for different months of the
year. It is advisable to contact park officials or refer to their website before making a visit.
Safari rides around this reserve provides a panoramic view of the lush grassland. The flora of
this tiger reserve is highly varied and the purest forms of Sal trees are known to grow here.
Many trees that cannot be spotted elsewhere in the country is easily found here. Corbett is
home to over 585 species of birds, seven species of amphibians, 33 species of reptiles, seven
species of fishes and 37 species of dragonflies. Some of the animals found here include
Bengal tigers, crocodiles, leopards and elephants. The majestic Bengal tigers of this region
remains camouflaged within the shrubs and one has to get lucky to spot them. As personal
vehicles are not permitted inside the park, an elephant and jeep safari can help you explore its
vast terrain. Opting for elephant that covers the core and the buffer zone of the park as well.
Corbett Park also offers other adventurous activities like rafting, bridge slithering and river
crossing on the Kosi river. Corbett was the first National Park to come under the ‘Project
Tiger’ which aims at preserving this endangered species. Accommodation is never a problem
at Corbett, though it is advisable to contact your travel advisors in advance. Road distance
from Delhi to this reserve is 290 km while Ramnagar is the nearest railway station situated at
a distance of about 50 km from the Park. The nearest airport is in Delhi. Ranthambore is one
of the country’s largest National Parks covering an area of 1,134 sq km. Located in Sawai
Madhopur district of south-eastern Rajasthan, this tiger reserve was once the most sought
after hunting destination of the royal Jaipur Maharajas. The ancient fort located in the reserve
premises are a favorite spot of tigers and leopards. This reserve also homes sloth bears,
hyenas, Indian foxes, jackals and crocodiles. This National park in Ranthambore has three
lakes namely Padam Talao, Raj Talao and Malik Talao, where wildlife flocks to a great
extent. This tiger reserve is famous for its diurnal tigers which are a blessing to all nature
lovers and wildlife photographers. This reserve also breeds many marsh croc reptiles that
include tortoises, Indian python, Russell's vipers and many other species.
Objectives of the study
 To study about The main purpose of a national park is to protect the natural
environment of the area and conservation of biodiversity
 to promote education and recreation. In India, National Parks are IUCN category II
protected areas.

 To contribute to the conservation of wide-ranging species, regional ecological

processes, and migration routes.
 To maintain viable and ecologically functional populations. In the long term, to
conserve the integrity of the ecosystem and resilience and for this assemblage of
native species at densities are done.
 To study about national tiger reserve rank wise. And to initiatives to be taken to
preserve tiger species in India

Scope of the study

 National parks are a type of in-situ conservation of wildlife. Those places where wildlife is
conserved in their natural environment is known as in-situ mode of conservation. These parks
are actually protected areas and no human interference except for research and educational
needs is allowed. National Parks protect wildlife, habitats, and nature from destruction and
human impact. They give animals a safe space to breed and survive. Over 247 species of
threatened or endangered plants and animals are protected in National Parks. National parks
protect places of natural beauty. National park is home to many endemic species. They also
protect places important to Aboriginal people, and places that show how people lived in the
past. National parks are actually protected areas. They protect many amazing animals and
landscapes, such as the world's largest living things, Giant Sequoia trees, the longest cave
system known to the world, Mammoth Cave National Park, and Crater Lake, America’s
deepest lake etc. Conservation of biodiversity is the central purpose of protected areas.
Having plenty of biodiversity keeps ecosystems healthy and secure, which means they can
continue providing vital ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, climate regulation, air
and water purification, and pollination. Protecting biodiversity is important to our economy,
our values, and the natural value of species and ecosystems. National Parks have thousands of
plants, which benefits our environment, providing us with fresh air, clean water etc which
help diversely to protect biodiversity.
Literature review
According to kumar 2013 From among the scholars of various disciplines, disciplinary
approach to study Melghat Tiger – Biosphere Reserve, botanist, Zoologists and geographers
have displayed greater interest than any other group of natural and social scientist in
biological sciences, biogeographical review research is rarely available. Ethnobotanical,
anthropological, biological and population studies complied by personal scholars,
Institutional and few NGOs; as well as governmental organizations.

Dehradun. Karanth K.U. and Mel Sunquist, (1995)Among them, Botanical Survey of India
(BSI) was involved in preparation Flora of Melghat; Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)
completed remarkable works in Tiger population and habitat and ethnological studies.
Medicinal plants Conservation area study done by FRLHT, Bangalore.

According to Wildlife Institute of India (WII)2013 has completed research projects on “

Management of Biodiversity in Central India” and another is launched on “Integrated Bio-
diversity Management in Satpura Hill Range” initiated.

According to Karanth, K.U. and Kumar, V.S.(2005) As the subject matter covers the
multitudinous forms of plant and animal life which inhabit ‘biosphere’ a relatively shallow
but densely populated zone, as well as the complex biological processes which control their
activities. The approach of the subject is geographical insofar as it is primarily concerned
with the distribution of organisms. However, although, this ‘field of study’ is shared by and is
common to, both biological and geography it is not the exclusive preserve of either of these
two sciences. By its very character, biogeography is situated at and overlaps the boundaries
of a greater number of other disciplines. The geologist, climatologist, pedologist,
geomorphologist as well as the botanist, zoologist, genetics and geographers contribute to this
very large and varied field. In during so they are, to a greater extent, dependent on an
understanding of biogeography. As a result, the approach and development to biogeography
in large measure is determined by the interest and objectives of the particular scholar of a
specific scientific field. Biogeography is firmly rooted in the biological sciences on whose
data, concepts and method the geographers obliged to draw and whose developments have
inevitably influenced his particular interest in and approach to the biosphere. Bibliographic
searches reveal diverse and extensive research-based literature contributed by
interdisciplinary researchers from the developed world. Prominent among them are-
Distribution and Dynamics of Tiger and prey Population in Maharashtra, CWS, Bangalore,
According to Mehta, (2000). A study on the Impact of Forestry Practices on Birds
Communities of Satpura Hills, Ph.D. Thesis, Saurashtra University, Rodgers W.A and H.S.
according to Panwar, (1988). Planning a Wildlife Protected Area Network in India (WII), ,
Prey Selection by Setting priority for conservation and recovery of Wild Tigers.Brandar,A.
Dunbar, (1982) Indian reprint- Wildlife of Central India – A Classic of Forest and Animals.
The overall goal of Protected Area a Biosphere reserve in biosphere conservation.
Conservation of tigers and their prey species face challenges from the need for income lacks
of awareness, and lack of land use policy in landscapes having Tiger Reserve. These
landscapes should be viewed as a mosaic of different land use patterns, viz. tiger’s
conservation, and preservation, forestry sustainable use and development beside the socio-
economic growth. Tiger habitats exist in environments of thousands of indigenous
communities that depend on them. Therefore we can’t view these protected area in isolation
from the surrounding socioeconomic realities and developmental priorities as the
biogeographically primary concerned with the distribution of organism.

According to Tiger, Leopard and Dhole in Tropical Forest, J. Animal Ecology. E. Dinerstein,
C. Loucks, A. Heydlaiff, E. Wikramnayake, G. Brain , J. Foreest, J.Ginsbeg. , S. klengendon,
P. Leingrubers, The change the recognition of the global environment is now urging
Protected Areas to play new role. These include the conservation of biological diversity and
the contribution of protected areas to the mitigation of global warming. The importance of the
conservation of biological diversity has been raised since a few years ago. This concept has
integrated the concept of protected areas. UNEP, IUCN and WWF finalized the world
conservation strategy under the titled “caring for the world a strategy for sustainability”.
Following the first World Conservation Strategy prepared in 1980, the second strategy further
emphasized the interdependence of conservation and development taking full account of
economic and social as well as ecological requirements of sustainability and thus outlines
what individuals and governments can do to satisfy the needs of the people without lessening
the earth’s capacity to support the future generations. The documents clarify the importance
of protected areas in the context of biological diversity. It suggests completing and
maintaining a comprehensive system of national parks and other protected areas like wildlife
sanctuaries, biosphere included in protected areas, how they contribute to the human
According to T. O’ Brien, S. Seindstickers, M. Songers (2006).communities and what is
needed to improve the management of protected areas, and strengthening demarcation of
biographical zones In this context Melghat Tiger Reserve is an important Biosphere reserve,
as an protected area in the State of Maharashtra with the potential to hold viable population of
the tiger. Tiger conservation is a priority for the State. Melghat Forests are dry deciduous
forests of Central India. Melghat lies in Central Highland Biotic Province (Province 6E) of
the Deccan Biogeographically Zone (ZONE 6). The forest is dominated by deciduous
species. Tiger conservation as an apex ecological succession, there is need for monitoring
tiger and its prey populations in Melghat for assessing the impact of management
interventions and external threats and as a tool for effective management decisions caring the
bio-geographical values
Research Methodology
Nature of the Study: The present study is empirical in nature which is concerned with the
evaluation of operating activities in national tiger reserve
Nature and Sources of Data: The secondary data considered for the analysis which has
been taken from the published annual reports of national tiger reserve The other relevant
information has also extracted from Journals, magazines, newspapers and internet sources.
Tenure of the Study: The study is conducted only for five years ranging from 2019-2020

Tools used for the Study: Correlation and ordinary least square regression method
has used for analysis purpose Tabular and graphical presentation of data has also
given for the better understanding about the performance of rehabilitation of tigers
Variables used for analysis: popularity amongst tourism attraction as national tiger
reserve
Hypothesis of the study
H01 : In the modern, overpopulated world, the need for dedicated space for wildlife is
increasingly important. National Parks provide just that.

H02 : They are large areas of public land set aside for native plants, animals and the places in
which they live. 

H03 : The National Park Service aims to conserve wildlife and nature in order to protect it for
the future, as well as allow people the chance to enjoy it.

H04 :They must absolutely continue with their efforts to preserve wildlife and nature.

Theoretical Perspective

The wildlife of India is diverse and its national parks and biosphere reserves are home to
many endangered wildlife species like Royal Bengal Tigers and Red Panda, the vulnerable
one-horned Rhinoceros and Snow Leopards, and critically endangered Great Indian Bustard,
among many other species of flora and fauna.
India boasts 104 national parks, 551 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 131 Marine Protected Areas, 18
Biosphere Reserves, 88 Conservation Reserves and 127 Community Reserves, covering a
total of 1,65,088.57 sq km. In total, there are 870 Protected Areas which make 5.06% of the
geographical area of the country.
The oldest national park in India is Corbett National Park. Sprawling in the foothills of the
Himalayas in Uttarakhand, this national park was established in 1936.
It is spread in 520.82 sq km area, and is home to a rich flora and fauna, including the Royal
Bengal Tigers.
India's first biosphere reserve was established in 1986 and is called Nilgiri Biosphere
Reserve. This reserve includes Wayanad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Mudumalai, Nilambur,
Silent Valley protected areas situated in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
The Great Rann of Kutch, with an area of 12454 sq km, is the largest biosphere reserve in
India. On the other hand, with an area of 4400 sq km, Hemis National Park in Ladakh is the
largest national park in India.

UNESCO World Heritage Wildlife Sites in India

Some of India's national parks have been recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.
 Great Himalayan National Park in Himachal Pradesh
 Valley of Flowers and Nanda Devi National Park in Uttarakhand
 Kaziranga and Manas National Park in Assam
 Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan
 Khangchendzonga National Park in Sikkim
 Nokrek National Park in Meghalaya
 Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal

Flora & Fauna in Indian National Parks

According to a study, India is among the 17 megadiverse countries which together possess
60-70% of world’s biodiversity. The national parks and wildlife reserves in India are home to
around 400 species of mammals and 1300+ species of birds.
These wildlife reserves are home to some rare and unique wildlife species like the Indian
Sloth Bear, the Chausinga (four-horned antelope) and the Barasinga (swamp deer). In fact,
India is the only country where both tigers and lions can be found. It also boasts the highest
deer and tiger population in the world.
Along with rich fauna, the Indian wildlife reserves are blessed with abundant flora. There are
estimated to be around 15000 species of flowering plants, which make about 6-7% of the
world’s total plant species. The Valley of Flowers National Park in Uttarakhand alone boasts
600 species of flowering plants including the famous and exclusive Brahma Kamal.

Some of the Best National Parks to Visit in India

There are around 104 national parks in India spread across the country’s length and breadth.
These wildlife parks are home to a variety of animals and birds, and some of them are the
safe shelters for unique and threatened animals like one-horned rhinos and Royal Bengal
Tiger. Some of the top ones on the list of national parks are:
 Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand
 Ranthambhore National Park, Rajasthan
 Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
 Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh
 Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh
 Sunderban National Park, West Bengal
 Kaziranga National Park, Assam
 Tadoba National Park, Maharashtra
 Bandipur National Park, Karnataka
 Manas National Park, Assam
 Panna National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Best Bird Sanctuaries to visit in India

India is home to more than 1300 species of birds and about 467 Important Bird Areas (IBA)
which include 59 bird sanctuaries. These sanctuaries and IBAs are inhabited by birds like
Indian peafowl, pheasants, quails, francolin, hornbill, and snowcocks. Some of the top bird
sanctuaries on the list of wildlife adventure are:
 Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Rajasthan
 Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary, Haryana
 Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Goa
 Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary, Kerala
 Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu
 Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary, Odisha
 Kutch Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary, Gujarat
 Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat
 Thattekad Bird Sanctuary, Kerala
 Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, Karnataka
 Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh
Best National Parks for One-Horned Rhino Sightings

India is a native place for the vulnerable species of one-horned rhinos that inhabit the
northeastern part of the country. Therefore, Northeast India is the best place to go for sighting
one-horned rhinos. Kaziranga National Park in Assam is known for the highest density of
one-horned rhinos and thus, is the best place for rhino sightings in India. Apart from
Kaziranga, following are some of the best national parks for rhino sighting in India:
 Manas Nationa Park, Assam
 Jaldapara National Park, West Bengal
 Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam
 Orang National Park, Assam
 Gorumara National Park, West Bengal

Best Time to Visit Indian National Parks

Most of the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in India are open between October and
June. In the monsoon season, most of the wildlife reserves close down between July and
September. The best time to visit the national parks in India are between October and March,
when the weather is pleasant in most parts of the country. The average winter temperature in
India ranges between 0°C - 20°C in North, Northwest, Northeast, and Central India, and 18°C
- 25°C in South India.
There are some national parks in India that remain open/partially open in the monsoon
season.

Partially Open in Monsoon

 Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand

 Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan

Open in Monsoon

 Bandipur National Park, Karnataka

 Periyar National Park, Kerala
 Hemis National Park, Ladakh
Accommodation in & around National Parks

The staying options near national parks in India can be found in abundance and in variety.
Accommodation ranges from budget hotels to luxury and boutique hotels depending on the
popularity of the national parks. While budget accommodation and mid-range places to stay
are available around every wildlife reserve, luxury/4-star/5-star properties are available
around popular national parks like Corbett, Ranthambore, Kaziranga etc. In Corbett, one can
also have the opportunity to stay inside the forest, in a lodge.
Rank wise National Tiger Reserve Forest In India
Wildlife expeditions have their own charm. And what better way to spot wildlife than in
India. India is the land of Asian tigers and is home to 2,226 wild tigers. Apart from being the
national animal of India, tigers play a significant role in developing India’s cultural and
natural heritage. This majestic species undoubtedly fascinates every eye it meets. With a
tremendous decrease in the number of tigers over the past several years, this endangered
species is on the verge of extinction. It is surely a boon to be born in this era, providing us an
opportunity to witness the legend of Royal Tigers. With a fair number of tiger reserves in
India, it is easy to spot these beauties untamed and in all its wilderness. While there are many
options you can consider visiting for a holiday, a national park has its own charm. After all
how often do you get to experience awe inspiring scenes of seeing wild animals untamed?

01 Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand

Named after the legendary hunter turned conservationist Jim Corbett, this National Park was
set up in 1936. It is often considered as India’s first National Park and has an interesting
variety of fauna and flora. It is located in the Patli Dun valley in the state of Uttar
Pradesh and covers an enormous core area of 500 sq km. Situated at the base of Himalayas
and on the banks of river Ramganga, this park is gifted with breathtaking landscapes. This is
one few tiger reserves in India that provides a wonderful experience in nature. The tiger
reserve has been divided into five regions with each region offering great tours. The five
different tourism zones are Dhikala, Bijrani, Jhirna, Domunda and Sonanadi. Among these,
the Dhikala and Bijrani also jungle tour and elephant safari. Each of this five regions
are accessible through a dedicated gate. Every gate has different entry/exit timings and is
accessible for different months of the year. It is advisable to contact park officials or refer to
their website before making a visit. Safari rides around this reserve provides a panoramic
view of the lush grassland. The flora of this tiger reserve is highly varied and the purest forms
of Sal trees are known to grow here. Many trees that cannot be spotted elsewhere in the
country is easily found here. Corbett is home to over 585 species of birds, seven species of
amphibians, 33 species of reptiles, seven species of fishes and 37 species of dragonflies.
Some of the animals found here include Bengal tigers, crocodiles, leopards and elephants.
The majestic Bengal tigers of this region remains camouflaged within the shrubs and one has
to get lucky to spot them. As personal vehicles are not permitted inside the park, an elephant
and jeep safari can help you explore its vast terrain. Opting for elephant that covers the core
and the buffer zone of the park as well. Corbett Park also offers other adventurous activities
like rafting, bridge slithering and river crossing on the Kosi river. Corbett was the first
National Park to come under the ‘Project Tiger’ which aims at preserving this endangered
species. Accommodation is never a problem at Corbett, though it is advisable to contact your
travel advisors in advance. Road distance from Delhi to this reserve is 290 km while
Ramnagar is the nearest railway station situated at a distance of about 50 km from the Park.
The nearest airport is in Delhi.

02 Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan

Ranthambore is one of the country’s largest National Parks covering an area of 1,134 sq km.
Located in Sawai Madhopur district of south-eastern Rajasthan, this tiger reserve was once
the most sought after hunting destination of the royal Jaipur Maharajas. The ancient fort
located in the reserve premises are a favorite spot of tigers and leopards. This reserve also
homes sloth bears, hyenas, Indian foxes, jackals and crocodiles. This National park in
Ranthambore has three lakes namely Padam Talao, Raj Talao and Malik Talao, where
wildlife flocks to a great extent. This tiger reserve is famous for its diurnal tigers which are a
blessing to all nature lovers and wildlife photographers. This reserve also breeds many marsh
croc reptiles that include tortoises, Indian python, Russell's vipers and many other species.
The kachida valley located in the reserve outskirts has a generous population of panthers too.
Another popular destination is the Raj-Bagh ruin that is located among two lakes. The ideal
time to visit this tiger reserve is between February and March. The nearest town is Sawai
Madhopur that is 11 km away and is also the nearest railhead. The nearest airport is at Jaipur,
situated at 145 kilometers from Ranthambore.

03 Sunderban Tiger Reserve, West Bengal

Covering a massive area of 2585 sq km, Sunderban is home to the much acclaimed Royal
Bengal tiger. It also houses a large number of highly endangered species that include aquatic
mammals and reptiles. This tiger reserve has numerous creeks and tributaries that come from
three rivers namely Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna. A UNESCO world heritage site, this
tiger reserve is located at the southern most tip of West Bengal, the place where the wetland
meets the glorious sea. Apart from being the largest tiger reserve and National Park in the
Indian Subcontinent, it also has the largest mangrove forest and has an unique estuarine
mangrove ecosystem that has amazed environmentalists to a great extent. This tiger reserve
derives its name from the ‘Sundari’ tree. The central area of this reserve has its own natural
boundaries with the river Matla on its West, the river Haribhanga on its East and with
Netidhopani and Gosba in the North. These attributes make this tiger reserve an absolute
paradise, a majority of which is unexplored. Unlike other National Park and Tiger Reserves
in India where jeeps and roads serve for sightseeing purposes, Sunderbans uses boats for
transportation and sightseeing. The rivers have an overwhelming effect on the nature lovers
and its unimaginable dangers leave the adventurists vigilant and prepared for everything.

Sunderbans is home to 400 tigers.The aqua fauna also includes a diverse array of fish, crabs,
crocodiles and Ridley sea turtles. In fact, Sunderbans’ highly productive ecosystem also acts
as a natural fishing nursery. There are about 248 bird species that can be found here including
a large number of migratory birds that visit the park during winter months every year. Thus, a
healthy bird population makes this destination ideal for bird watchers and bird photography.
This is one of the few tiger reserves in India that is open for tourist access from the months of
September to March. The finest time to visit is between December and February.

It is during this time that migratory birds make a striking appearance and enthrall spectators.
The nearest town to this reserve is Gosaba which is about 50 km away. Canning is the nearest
railhead that is 48km away from the reserve. The nearest airport is at Calcutta, 112 km away.

04 Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Bandhavgarh National Park is one of the most popular tiger reserves in India. It has the
highest density of Royal Bengal Tigers and it houses ancient Bandhavgarh Fort which has
great historical importance. Located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh, Bandhavgarh
National Park covers a distance of 820 sq. km.
Apart from the highest number of tigers, Bandhavgarh is a popular breeding spot for leopards
and various species of deer. It has a rich historical past and a large biodiversity. The park has
been divided into three major zones named as Magdi, Tala and Bamera out of which Tala
attracts a large number of tourists by offering numerous tiger sighting opportunities.

Spread in the Vindhya Hills of Madhya Pradesh, Bandhavgarh boasts of large and beautiful
tigers. A tigress named Sita, the second most photographed tiger of the world once appeared
on the cover of National Geographic. A magnificent trip to Bandhavgarh will surely take you
to rich and tranquil grasslands, sharp hillocks, undulating forest and open meadows and the
39 historical caves of the Bandhavgarh Fort.

Best time to visit: February to June (closed from July 1 to October 15)

Park timings:

-Winter Timings: 6:00-11:00am & 3:00-6:00pm

-Summer Timings: 5:30-10:30am & 3:30-6:30pm

Safari cost: INR 5500-6500

Location: State Highway 10, Near Petrol Pump, Bandhavgarh, District Umaria, Tala, Madhya
Pradesh

05 Sariska Tiger Reserve - 200 km from Delhi

Situated at a distance of only 200 km from Delhi and 107 km from Jaipur, Sariska National
Park provides tourists and nature enthusiasts an opportunity to spot Bengal tigers, Indian
leopards, and Crocodiles. This tiger reserve is located in the Alwar district of Rajasthan and it
is the best wildlife sanctuary near Delhi which comprises of dry deciduous forests, rocky
landscapes, hilly cliffs and scrub thorn forests.

Sariska Tiger reserve has a rich flora and fauna and is a habitat of relocated Bengal Tigers. It
is also home to breeding tigers and plenty of reptiles and birds. Apart from its wildlife, this
tiger reserve offers many attractions such as Kankarwadi fort, located at the center of the tiger
reserve. 

The top of Kankarwadi fort provides a panoramic view of flying Egyptian vultures and
eagles.Set against the backdrop of Aravalli hills, Sariska Tiger Reserve houses the ruins of
the medieval temples of Garh-Rajor belonging to the 10th and 11th centuries.

The Siliserh Lake on the edge of the park is home to a large number of crocodiles. Also, it is
the only tiger reserve which is in close proximity to both Delhi and Rajasthan, which makes
an ideal weekend getaway.

Park timings:

-7:00 am to 4:00 pm in October- February

     -6:30 am to 5:00 pm rest of the year

Safari cost: Jeep- 500-600 INR per person

Vehicle Entry Fees (INR):

     -Bus: 200

     -Motorbikes/Two-wheelers: 15

     -Tonga: 20

     -Cycle Rickshaw: 5.

Entrance fee: INR 20 for Indians and INR 100 for foreigners.

Video camera fee: 200

Location: Near Kraska, Alwar District, Sariska, Rajasthan

06 Panna National Park,Madhya Pradesh

Panna Park, the best maintained national park of India, is located in Panna and Chattarpur
districts of Madhya Pradesh. Situated at a distance of 57 km from Khajuraho, Panna National
Park covers an area of about 543 sq. km. Panna National Park is home to some of the best
wildlife species in India including tiger, leopard, wolf, hyena, wild dogs and sloth bears.
Apart from these, Panna has over 200 species of birds, a variety of reptiles including rock
python and rich floral species. Every year thousands of visitors turn up exclusively to witness
the famous Pandav Falls. The Gorges and falls across the course of River Ken offer a
beautiful and beholding view. There are about 8 species of crocodiles in the Ken River that
runs through Panna National Park. Situated on the Vindhyachal Ranges, Panna is rich in
beautiful scenic views and waterfalls. At the footfalls, there are some ancient caves, perennial
local springs and lush green surroundings. Due to its closeness to the popular tourist
attraction of Khajuraho, Panna remains a popular stop-over destination.

Best time to visit: December to March

Park timings:

-Winter season: Sunrise to 11:00 am & 3pm to sunset

-Summer season: Sunrise to 11:00 am & 4 pm to sunset

Entry fee (all prices in INR):

-Indian Nationals – 40
- Foreigners (including morning and evening safari)- 500

Jeep Rental: 1500/ half day

Still camera: 40

Video camera: 200

Location: NH 75, Chattarpur, Madhya Pradesh

07 Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala

Still searching for some wildlife sanctuary then check out the Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerela
which is the most popular wildlife sanctuary. This Reserve forest is mainly known for its
natural beauty and wildlife. The enchanting surroundings and the bio diversity is the perfect
example of nature’s creation. Periyar Tiger Reserve spreads over an area of 777 sq. km.
There is an artificial lake which was created by the British during 1895.

Get stunned by the enchanting beauty of the region with the mountain scenery and the
wildlife. The forest is a home to sambar, wild boar, langur, 900 to 1000 elephants. There are
about 35 to 40 tigers which are very rarely spotted here.

The Reserve is open throughout the year. But the best time to visit is during the winter
months of November to February as the weather remains pleasant.

If you are travelling by flight then Madurai Airport just at a distance of 140 km. If you are
travelling by train than Kottayam Railway Station is just 114 km away from the Periyar Tiger
Reserve.
08 Bandipur National Park, Karnataka

Bandipur National Park, a tiger reserve located in the south Indian state of Karnataka, spans a
rough area of 874 square kilometers. Once a private hunting ground of the Maharajas of
Mysore, this dry deciduous forest is well -known for its small population of tigers. Protecting
several species of India’s endangered wildlife, Bandipur forms the largest habitat of wild
animals in South Asia. Bandipur has a variety of biomes including moist and dry deciduous
forests and shrub lands. On the north flows the Kabini River and on the south flows the
Moyar River. Considered as one of the best-managed parks of India, Bandipur National Park
has a warm and comfortable climate. One can enjoy camping and lodging in the national park
and it also offers numerous opportunities for safari tours. Bandipur boasts of tremendous
counts of wildlife species and a wide variety of flora. It is home to a sizable number of tigers,
sloth bears, Indian rock pythons, jackals, dholes and Indian elephants. Located between the
Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats, Bandipur National Park has a pleasant scenery to
offer. It falls en route the beautiful and scenic Ooty and is only 80 kilometers from Mysore.
Coorg, the Scotland of India is at a distance of only 140 km from Bandipur. Bandipur offers
numerous activities like natural trails along the rivers of Kabini and Moyar, White Water
Rappelling, Jeep Safaris and River Rafting.

Park timings: 6:30 AM - 8:30 AM & 3:30 PM - 5:30 PM

Entry fee (INCLUDING SAFARI):

    -For Indian nationals: 300 INR

    -For foreigners: 1500 INR

Location: Gundlupet, Chamarajanagar District, Bandipur, Karnataka 571126

09 Nagarhole National Park, Karnataka

Located in the Kodagu and Mysore district of Karnataka, Nagarhole National Park is a
majestic park to watch the wild run free in their natural habitat. Nagarhole has an interesting
variety of flora and fauna. Officially known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park, it is home to
around 48 royal tigers. Nagarhole National Park is located in the foothills of Western Ghats
and covers an enormous area of 643 square kilometers. Having a rich forest cover, hills,
streams, valleys and waterfalls, this national park is home to a variety of wild animals, birds,
mammals, reptiles and insects. It forms the largest protected area in southern India with the
adjoining Bandipur National Park, Mudumalai National Park, and Wayanad National Park.
Nagarhole is home to the largest congregation of Asiatic elephants in the world, and has the
largest concentration of herbivores in Asia. The three major predators- Tiger, Leopard and
Dhole or wild dog, co-exist here in high densities. It offers a plethora of wildlife viewing
opportunities and pleasant temperature all year around. With its rich biodiversity and the
pristine Kabini River, Nagarhole National Park is on every Nature Enthusiast’s list of must
visit.

Best time to visit: October to February

Park timings: All days 6:00 am to 9:00 am and 4:00 to 6:30 pm.

Entry fee:
    -Domestic Adult- 50

    -Foreigner: 150

Still Camera Fee: 150

Video Camera Fee: 1000

Jeep safari:(Safaris can be booked through tour operators and resorts)

    -700 for domestic adults

    -1500 for foreigners

Mini Bus: 100 per person

Activities that can Done: Still Water Rafting and Boating in River Kabini, White
Water Rapelling, Elephant Rides, natural trail along the shores of River Kabini and visit to
Irupu Waterfalls.

Location: Kodagu, Karnataka, India

10 Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh

There is yet another national park which is a striking one on our list. For the nature admirers
and the wildlife lovers this park is a treat. Nestled in the lower southern reaches of the
satpuda hills is named after Pench River Pench National Park covers an area of 758 sq
km.The national park boasts of 25 tigers. They are usually seen around the Pench River, as
the density of prey population is higher here. The National Park has many other species of
flora and fauna. There are around more than 210 species of birds, including a host of
migratory species.

The best time to visit the park is between February and April. This park remains closed
during the month of July, August and September. The park is well connected with major
places. It can be accessed by road as well as railway. The nearest rail-head is at Ramtek and a
bus can be taken for the next 35 km to the Park.

11 Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madya Pradesh

Kanha Tiger Reserve is situated in Madhya Pradesh and spreads across an area of 940 sq
km. This wildlife reserve was established in 1955 with the sole purpose of preserving a few
endangered species. The name Kanha comes from the name of a clay like soil, Kanhar that is
found in the low lying land of this region. The mesmerizing topography which includes a
horseshoe shaped valley has earned this ‘Tiger land’ an immortal depiction. The Banjar
forests and the Halon valley in this reserve offer a picturesque sight. The open grassy
meadows and the magnanimous forest has a mesmerizing and heart-warming effect on nature
lovers and it's also regarded as one of the best Tiger reserves in India. In addition, the crystal
clear streams randomly flowing across the landscape makes a profound impact that lasts for
ages. The best location here is the sunset point called Bamni Dadar that one cannot afford to
miss. Apart from tigers, this reserve pets bison, gaur, sambar, chital and many more species.
What deserves a special mention is the hard-ground Barasingha, also called the swamp deer,
an endangered species that can be found only here. There are many tour packages offered in
this reserve that extends from days to weeks and one can opt for a suitable package based on
their convenience and availability. Tourists flock in great numbers during April, May and
June. There are plenty of places to stay in and around Kanha. The nearest town is Mandla
which is 65 km by road. The closest railway junction is Jabalpur, at a distance of 160 km and
the nearest airport is in Nagpur which is 266 km away.

12 Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu

Previously known as Indira Gandhi Sanctuary and National Park, Anamalai Tiger Reserve is
located in the Anaimalai Hills of Pollachi, Valparai and Udumalpet taluks of Coimbatore
District and Tiruppur District in Tamil Nadu. Covering an area of about 958 Sq. km,
Anamalai Tiger Reserve is a unique ecological tract in the Western Ghats.

The climatic variations and undulating topography support a wide variety of flora and fauna.
It is home to around 2,000 species of plants of which 400 possess medicinal value. From
enchanting tropical evergreen forests to thorny forest and scrub jungles, Anamalai’s beautiful
climate and diverse terrain support a variety of vegetation with striking differences. The
Anamalai Reservoir also houses a large number of crocodiles. Anamalai is home to a variety
of mammals and reptiles including tigers, Indian leopards, wild boar, giant squirrel, barking
deer, giant elephants, pythons, cobras, vipers, wild pigs and Nilgiri langurs to name a few.
Anamalai offers interesting sightseeing, trekking, boating and elephant safari opportunities to
tourists. The Vaalaparai waterfalls also make for a beautiful visual treat.

Best time to visit: May-June and October-February

Park timings: 6:00am to 12:00 and 3:00 to 5:00pm

Location: 176, Meenkarai Road, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu 6420

13 Rajaji Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand

Nestled between the Shivalik Ranges and the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Rajaji National Park is
home to a vivacious wildlife and broadleaved deciduous forests. Covering an area of about
820 sq. km, Rajaji National Park is most renowned for its elephants.Offering over 500
species of birds, Rajaji forms the first staging ground after the migratory birds cross over the
Himalayas. A substantial number of tigers hoard at the Rajaji National Park due to its varied
topography. The park is famous for its Himalayan black bear. It is at a distance of 10
kilometers from the sacred Haridwar and forms a popular stop over destination for people
visiting Haridwar. This national park remains open between 15th of November to 15th of
June every year. It is closed in monsoon due to heavy snowfall owing to abundant rains
creating havoc and landslides. Rajaji offers naturalists, bird watchers and adventure trekkers
an opportunity to soak in its dense green jungles, alpine meadows, beautiful tall grasslands
and snow-capped peaks and glaciers. This largest protected area of the Himalayas, opens a
vista of enchanting wildlife for nature enthusiasts, photographers and tourists. Rajaji National
Park is a treasure trove of biodiversity and is replete with endangered species like Western
Tragopan. Rajaji offers a plethora of opportunities and safaris to spot the Royal Tiger
roaming with pride in the National Park.

Best time to visit: April-June and October-November

Park Timings:

    -November- June: 7:00 am to 10:00 am & 13:00 pm to 14:00pm

    -February-June: 6:30 am to 9:30 am &  14:00 pm to 15:00 pm

Entry Fee:

Jeep safari cost (INR)

Indian nationals: 3395/person

Foreigners: 4255/person

Location: 5/1, Ansari Road, Mohand Range, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

14 Indravati Tiger Reserve, Chhattisgarh

Named after the Indravati River, Indravati National Park is one of the most notable tiger
reserves in India. The densely forested areas, undulating hilly terrains, avifauna and its
unique wildlife makes Indravati, a paradise for nature lovers. Located at a distance of 297 km
from Jagdalpur, Indravati is the only tiger reserve in the Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh.
This national park is home to endangered species of wild buffaloes and hill Mynas. Ample
varieties of tigers and animals including leopards, Indian Bison, Nilgai, Wild Boar and Flying
Squirrel attract thousands of tourists every year. Previously known as Kutru National Park,
Indravati is a major tourist attraction for bird watchers owing to its large collection of birds.
Rare species of sloth bears, dhole or wild dog, striped hyena and freshwater crocodile are
prominent collections of the Indravati National Park. The lush green forests, undulating
terrains, alpine hills and the pristine Indravati River flowing through this park, makes it an
irresistible destination that would leave you asking for more. It provides an array of
adventure activities to visitors, like boating in river Indravati, natural trail along the banks of
the river, jeep safari, etc.

Best time to visit: Mid-December to Mid-June

Park timings: 7:00 am to 6:00 pm

Location: Bijapur H O, Bijapurdistrict, Dantewada, Chhattisgarh

15 Manas National Park, Assam

Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas, Manas National Park, is also a UNESCO
world heritage site and a project tiger reserve. Manas National Park is abutting with the Royal
Manas National Park in Bhutan and lies in the Himalayan Foothills. With a core area of 500
sq. km, Manas National Park extends from Sankosh River in the west to Dhansiri River in the
east. Manas has a rich biodiversity with pristine Terai grasslands merging with Bhabar
grasslands and 543 species of plants. Manas is considered a site of what Earth probably
looked like before the arrival of man. It is predominantly famous for its tiger and elephant
reserve, and boasts of an endangered and rare wildlife. This park is named after Manas River,
a major tributary of Brahmaputra River, which flows through the heart of the park. Manas
National Park enchants you with its unique natural beauty and scenic landscapes set against
the foothills of the ever-mesmerizing Himalayas. The Manas River gushing from the heart of
the park, lush green hills, rugged terrains, and tropical evergreen forests along with the
wildlife, offers a unique experience of wilderness to the nature enthusiasts and tourists.
Manas National Park is probably the only national park that offers night excursions to explore
wildlife. Manas offers a number of activities like Tiger Spotting, Elephant Ride and Boating
in river Manas.

Best time to visit: October to April

Park timings: 5:30 am to 6:30 pm

Entry Fee:

    -Indian citizen- 20 INR

    -Foreign National -250 INR

Still and video camera charges: 50 INR and 100 INR respectively for Indians and 500 for
foreigners

Jeep entry fee: 300 INR

Safari charges:

    -Indian- 120 INR

    -Foreigner- 750 INR

Boat ride (8 seater) – 8000 INR

Location: Fatemabad- Mathanguri Road, Jyoti Gaon, Assam.

16 Achanakmar Tiger Reserve, Chhattisgarh

Covering over 557.55 Sq. km, Achanakmar Tiger Reserve is a biosphere reserve located in
the Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh. It is also a confluence point of three rivers namely Sone
River, Johila River and Narmada River on Malakal hills, offering a thrilling experience to
trekkers. It is one of the most well-equipped tiger reserves in India with a coffee house, a
restaurant, and many other facilities. Located at a mere distance of 60 km from Bilaspur,
Achanakmar Tiger Reserve is home to 35 Bengal Tigers and many other animals including
Indian leopard, sloth bear, Indian Jackal, black buck, wild boar and Nilgai to name a few.
With the meandering Maniyari River flowing through the heart of Achanakmar Tiger
Reserve, tall bamboo vegetation, and the wild tropical deciduous forests, it forms the most
sought after national parks in Chhattisgarh. Achanakmar has over 500 medicinal plants and
boasts of over 100 species of migratory birds during winters. Apart from these, Achanakmar
has a robust leopard population, which makes it the ideal park to spot leopards. With its
extraordinary beauty and rich biodiversity, Achanakmar attracts thousands of nature
enthusiasts and tourists every year.

Best time to visit: November-June

Location: Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.

17 Tadoba National Park, Maharashtra

For the wildlife enthusiast who are seeking for some adventure and want to take some good
pictures of the tigers then Tadoba National Park is the perfect place for you. The national
park is one of the largest and the oldest National Park which has various species of animals
and trees. Tadoba National Park is situated at the core of a reserved forest and coners an area
of 1725 sq.km. The whole firest is overshadowed by teak and bamboo. Get amazed by the
magical landscape of the marshlands, lakes and the rigged cliffs. You can find a variety of
wildlife like panthers, tigers, hyenas, sloth bears, wild dogs, jackals, barking deer, bison,
sambar and deer. Explore the wildlife with the Gypsy and Jeep Safaris which are always
available in Tadoba National Park. To get the real taste of the wildlife the best time to visit is
from February to May, Gaurs, tigers, herd of deer and other animals can be spotted at this
time of the year. If you are taking a flight then Nagpur (140 Km) is the nearest airport from
where it takes 3 hour taxi rides to reach the park. You can also take the train to Chandrapur
(49 kms) from the reserve.

18 Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Your wildlife exploration would not be complete without visiting the Satpura National Park
in Madhya Pradesh. This national park was established in the year 1981. Satpura National
Park is located in Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh in Central India and spreads over
an area of 1427 sq.km. This wildlife is famous for the tiger which roams around freely. For
the wildlife lovers this place is the best option for you. There are variety of other wildlife like
50 species of mammals, 254 species of birds, 30 species of reptiles, 50 species of butterflies
and much more. Once you reach the reserve you can enjoy jeep safari, elephant safari,
walking safari and boat safari. Satpura National park is close to Pachmarhi hill station and
can be easily travelled by road from cities like Bhopal, Jabalpur, Chindwara, and Nagpur. If
you are travelling by train than you can take the Sohagpur station which is about 20kms from
national park.

19 Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary, Maharashtra

Located at the Northeastern corner of the Bhandara district lies the Nagzira Wildlife
Sanctuary. This reserve covers an area of about 152 sq. km. This reserve forest is garlanded
with a picturesque landscape with a variety of wildlife. The Wildlife Sanctuary has 34 species
of mammals, 166 species of birds, 36 species of reptiles and four species of amphibians.
Some of the main wildlife of this sanctuary are the tiger, bison, wild boar and wild dog.
Although the sanctuary is opened all year round but the best time to visit this sanctuary is
during the month of April and May. You can drive from Sakoli which will be about 22 km. If
you are taking a flight then you can take the flight to Nagpur airport. 

TIGER CONSERVATION IN INDIA

100 years ago it was easy to see the tiger in its natural habitat - around 100,000 of them
roamed across Asia, including several sub-species that are now extinct. Today the number of
tigers in the wild is about 3,000 and if this trend continues, tigers may cease to exist.
This is why tiger conservation efforts are needed if we want to give these animals a shot at
having a sustainable future.  At The Great Projects, we offer you the chance to get involved
with tiger conservation projects and tours that enable you to encounter these gracious animals
in the most responsible way. 

Our tiger conservation experiences are located in protected national parks in India. These are
some of the most important areas in the world for tiger conservation and protection, as they
provide a safe haven in which the tigers can live freely. Populations of these big cats have
been declining for a century as they compete with growing human populations for habitat
space, which is a serious concern when you consider that tigers are solitary animals and claim
large territories. This pressure exists alongside relentless poaching, conflict with humans and
the demand for their bones as an ingredient in Chinese medicine. 

If you want to play your part in tiger conservation, then look no further! Get in touch to start
your next adventure today. 

TIGERS AT A GLANCE

ENDANGERED STATUS

Endangered

NUMBER REMAINING IN THE WILD

Around 3,890

ENDEMIC REGION

Asia

HOW ENDANGERED ARE TIGERS

Conservation efforts in recent years mean that tiger numbers are on the rise, but they are
certainly not out of the woods yet. 
Current tiger populations are extremely difficult to calculate as their habitat is so fragmented,
but the cats are classified as endangered. 

The conservation of tigers is not just about increasing their numbers as more tigers require
more habitat, which is becoming less and less available each day. It is important that tiger
populations stop dwindling, and habitat stops being lost. 

THREATS TIGERS ARE FACING

Tigers are facing an increasing number of problems when it comes to surviving in the regions
they have previously thrived in for thousands of years.

Poaching – every single part of the tiger is traded in illegal markets. It is used in traditional
Asian medicine which has no medicinal value at all, making the deaths of these animals for
this purpose unnecessary.

Habitat Loss – tigers have lost 93% of their historical range as their habitat has been
destroyed or degraded by human activity.

Human-Wildlife Conflict – with smaller forests to hunt in, tigers are forced to kill livestock
and when they do the farmers often retaliate and kill the big cat.

FAST FACTS

A tiger’s roar can be heard as far as 1.8 miles (3km) away!

There are more tigers privately owned by U.S citizens than in the wild worldwide.

One tiger alone killed 430 people in Nepal and India in the 19th century.

The largest sub-species of tiger is the Siberian tiger, and males can weigh in at over 600
pounds!

Tigers gain independence at around 2 years of age and have been known to live to around 20
years in the wild.

Data analysis and Interpretation

Q1. State topmost four national tiger reserves?
 5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Ranthambore Tiger Sunderban Tiger Reserve, Bandhavgarh National
Uttarakhand Reserve, Rajasthan West Bengal Park, Madhya Pradesh

MEN WOMEN OTHERS

MEN WOMEN OTHERS

Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand

4.5 4.3 3.9
Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan
3.9 4.4 4.1

Sunderban Tiger Reserve, West Bengal

3.3 3 3

Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh

2.9 3.1 3

Understanding

As indicated by the review out of 50 individuals the majority of the respondent said that Jim
Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand is our favourite tourist spot.

 . Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand

 Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan
 Sunderban Tiger Reserve, West Bengal
 Bandhavgarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh

Q. 2 Have you ever seen Tiger?

 Chart Title
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
YES NO

MEN WOMEN

MEN WOMEN

YES 4.3 4.5

NO 2.5 2.1

INTREPRETATION

According to survey out of 50 most of the respondent said YES, they have seen tiger .

 Yes
 No

Q3. How many times you have visited Tiger Reserve Forest ?
 Chart Title
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Monthly Rarely Never Rarely Sometimes

men women

men women

Monthly 2.1 2.4

Rarely 4.3 4.4

Never 2.1 1.8

Annually 3 2.8

Sometimes 3.3 2.9

 Monthly
 Annually
 Never
 Rarely
 Sometimes

Interpretation

According to survey out of 50 most of the respondent said that they visit Tiger Reserve Forest
Rarely.

Q.4 How do you feel while watching tiger?

 Chart Title
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Joy and Surprise Thrill Relieved Adorable

MEN WOMEN

MEN WOMEN

Joy and Surprise 4.3 4.5

Thrill 3.9 4

Relieved 3.5 3.9

Adorable 2.1 2.8

INTREPRETATION

According to survey out of 50 most of the respondent said that they feel Joy and Surprise and
Thrill there.

 Joy and Surprise

 Thrill
 Relieved
 Adorable

Q5. Tiger Reserve Forest opens every day for tourist?

 Chart Title
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
YES NO

MEN WOMEN

MEN WOMEN

YES 4.3 4.5

NO 2.5 2.1

INTREPRETATION

According to survey out of 50 most of the respondent said yes it open all year long for
tourists.

 NO

Q6. Is it safe to travel Tiger Reserve Forest?

 Chart Title
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
yes Not sure sometimes For sure

men Series 3

men women

yes 4.3 2.4

Not sure 2.5 4.4

sometimes 3.5 1.8

For sure 4.5 2.8

Understanding

As indicated by the study out of 50 individuals the greater part of the respondent said that yes
is safe with precaution to travel.

 Indeed
 Not certain
 Here and there
 Without a doubt

Q7. Is there any ticket for travel Tiger Reserve Forest ?

 Chart Title
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
NO YES

MEN WOMEN

MEN WOMEN

NO 2.1 2.4

YES 4.5 4.4

INTREPRETATION

According to survey out of 50 most of the respondent said YES Paid A private gypsy
registered with park is available at the booking counter on a separate payment of Rs. 2500
with GST for (Core area   and (Buffer area . Entry fee paid online or at the counter, does not
include cost of arranging private Gypsy and Guide (Rs. 480 Core area & Rs. 400 Buffer area)
for park visit.

 YES
 NO

Findings and recommendation

With every tiger, we protect around 25,000 acres of forest. That's because protecting the tiger
benefits the hundreds of other species – plants, mammals, birds and insects – that share its
habitat. ... Less than 2226 tigers left in India, together let's conserve and protect the tigers At
the turn of the 20th century, it is estimated that India probably had many thousands of tigers
in the wild.

The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA),
Government of India, have been conducting tiger estimation surveys in partnership with
NGOs. WWF-India was the key NGO partner of the WII and NTCA in conducting the
comprehensive country-wide tiger estimation exercise in 2010-11, which revealed a mean
tiger population estimate of 1,706. Based on a census using the pug mark technique, the
number of tigers in 2002 stood at 3,642. As per the 2014 tiger estimation exercise conducted
by WII in association with the NTCA using camera traps, there were only 2,226 tigers left in
the wild in India.

The tiger is not just a charismatic species or just another wild animal living in some far away
forest.

The tiger is a unique animal which plays a pivotal role in the health and diversity of an
ecosystem. It is a top predator which is at the apex of the food chain and keeps the population
of wild ungulates in check, thereby maintaining the balance between prey herbivores and the
vegetation upon which they feed. Therefore, the presence of tigers in the forest is an indicator
of the well being of the ecosystem. The extinction of this top predator is an indication that its
ecosystem is not sufficiently protected, and neither would it exist for long thereafter.

If the tigers go extinct, the entire system would collapse.

For e.g. when the Dodos went extinct in Mauritius, one species of Acacia tree stopped
regenerating completely. So when a species goes extinct, it leaves behind a scar, which
affects the entire ecosystem. Another reason why we need to save the tiger is that our forests
are water catchment areas.  Therefore, it’s not just about saving a beautiful animal. It is about
making sure that we live a little longer as the forests are known to provide ecological services
like clean air, water, pollination, temperature regulation etc.

Central India — The Maruti Gypsy 44 sped along a jungle track, jolting us out of our seats.
We had signed up for a wolf safari, but the trip leader had another quarry in mind. The
vehicle barrelled towards a pungent smell on a hillside — a fresh tiger kill.
The forest guide spoke to one of his colleagues in a different vehicle and then barked at our
driver to rush towards a nearby meadow. A tigress and four cubs are at a watering hole just
beyond our sights, he said.

A full Moon rose, and revealed an ink-blue landscape. Handheld lights were banned, so
visibility was at 3 metres. The phone rang, and the guide instructed the driver, who raced on a
rollercoaster route back to the kill site. No tiger. We dashed back to the meadow, a second
vehicle in hot pursuit. It felt ugly, like a hunt.

Two circuits later, the Moon was high over the meadow when we were beckoned once more
back to the kill site. We raced there to find four Gypsys, the drivers using their headlights to
sweep the hillside. Another vehicle banged into ours. Our guide cursed. Then silence, as the
drivers shut off the engines. Tourists stood on seats, peering through telephoto lenses.

Footsteps rustled dead leaves, and the drivers switched on the high beams. There sat two
tigers, larger than life as wild tigers are. These were no cubs; they were male adolescents.
Camera shutters clicked. Minutes later, the animals got up and disappeared into the darkness.

Two hundred years ago, tens of thousands of tigers (Panthera tigris) roamed India and 29
other nations, from the Indonesian swamps to the Russian taiga. There were once Balinese,
Caspian and Javanese subspecies, all now considered extinct. Today, only six subspecies
remain. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimated in 2014 that
there are only about 2,200 to 3,200 individuals in the wild, placing the animal on the
organization’s endangered list. About 93% of the tiger’s historic range has emptied owing to
habitat loss, poaching and depletion of prey.

The spectre of a world without tigers led 13 nations to meet in 2010 in St Petersburg, Russia,
where they declared that they would double their wild tiger numbers by 2022. But all except
India, Nepal and Bhutan are struggling to save their tigers, even in protected reserves.

Against this backdrop, India is the beacon. It has roughly two-thirds of the world’s tigers in
less than one-quarter of their global range. In 2019, it has invested 3.5 billion rupees
(US$49.4 million) in tiger conservation, including relocating villages outside protected areas.
And it has built the world’s largest animal underpass to funnel tigers safely beneath a
highway.
About 3% of the spending on tigers is flowing to government-sponsored science.
Government scientists are studying all aspects of the animal, and are heading a large tracking
study to understand tiger behaviour.

The efforts have paid off, according to the government. It announced in July that the number
of wild tigers in the country had doubled from 1,411 in 2006 to 2,967 today — meaning that
India has met the St Petersburg target. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared that
tiger conservation could go hand in hand with building roads, railways and homes.

But parse the country’s tiger data, and the story becomes murky. The animals are increasingly
becoming isolated in small reserves that prioritize tourism. If the cats leave the parks, the
risks are rising that they will encounter humans and infrastructure, with tragic results for both
the animals and people. Some scientists question whether tiger numbers in India have truly
increased and are attempting to get a more accurate count of populations in specific areas.
Other researchers are studying how to get people and the carnivores to coexist.

Conclusion
Tigers generally gain independence at around two years of age and attain sexual maturity at
age three or four for females and four or five years for males. Juvenile mortality is high,
however—about half of all cubs do not survive more than two years. Tigers have been known
to reach up to 20 years of age in the wild. Males of the larger subspecies, the continental
tiger, may weigh up to 660 pounds. For males of the smaller subspecies—the Sunda tiger—
the upper range is at around 310 pounds. Within both subspecies, males are heavier than
females. Tigers are mostly solitary, apart from associations between mother and offspring.
Individual tigers have a large territory, and the size is determined mostly by the availability of
prey. Individuals mark their domain with urine, feces, rakes, scrapes, and vocalizing. Across
their range, tigers face unrelenting pressures from poaching, retaliatory killings, and habitat
loss. They are forced to compete for space with dense and often growing human populations.

QUESTIONNAIRE
1) Which whiskers of tiger are longest?
a) Supercilary
b) Genal
c) Mystacial
d) Mythical

2) Which sense of tiger is most highly developed?

a) Taste
b) Hearing
c) Smell
d) Sight

3) What is the shape of tiger’s pupils?

a) Square
b) Rectangular
c) Triangle
d) Circular

4) How many teeth are in tiger’s jaw?

a) 14
b) 20
c) 30
d) 40

5) How many claws do tiger’s forefeet have?

a) Three
b) Five
c) Six
d) Eight

6) Which part of its is body is used by tiger for cleaning?

a) Tail
b) Nose
c) Tongue
d) Toes

7) What is the normal gestation period for tiger?

a) 80 days
b) 100 days
c) 120 days
d) 140 days

8) Which is the family of tiger?

a) Chicldae
b) Canidae
c) Felidae
d) Mustelidae
9) Which is the genus of tiger?
a) Acinonyx
b) Panthera
c) Canis
d) Neofelis

10) Which is the largest tiger?

a) Bengal
b) Indochinese
c) Siberian
d) Sumatran

References
1.  Panwar, H. S. (1987). "Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future". In
Tilson, R. L.; Sel, U. S. (eds.). Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics,
management, and conservation of an endangered species. Park Ridge, N.J.:
Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat
Specialist Group. pp. 110–117. ISBN 9780815511335.
2. ^ Jhala, Y. V.; Gopal, R. & Qureshi, Q. (2008). Status of the Tigers, Co-predators,
and Prey in India (PDF). TR 08/001. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of
India, New Delhi; Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. Archived from the
original (PDF) on 2 June 2013.
3. ^ Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q. & Nayak, A. K. (2020). Status of tigers, co-predators and
prey in India 2018 (PDF) (Report). New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger
Conservation Authority, Government of India, Wildlife Institute of India.
4. ^ National Tiger Conservation Authority, Wildlife Institute of India, Zoological
Society of London (2010). ""MSTrIPES": Monitoring System for Tigers – Intensive
Protection & Ecological Status" (PDF). India Environment Portal.
5. ^ Thapar, V. (1999). The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch. In:
Seidensticker, J., Christie, S., Jackson, P. (eds.) Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation
in human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
hardback ISBN 0-521-64057-1, paperback ISBN 0-521-64835-1. pp. 296–306.
6. ^ Ajay Suri (13 June 2019) Rajasthan's Sariska may become tiger-less again. Firstpost

7. ^ Rahul Karmakar (24 February 2020) Highway threatens tiger territory in Arunachal

Pradesh. The Hindu
8. ^ Northeast Now (12 March 2020) Namdapha National Park facing rampant
deforestation.
9. ^ Buncombe, A. (31 October 2007) The face of a doomed species. The Independent

10. ^ Strahorn, Eric A. (1 January 2009). An Environmental History of Postcolonial

North India: The Himalayan Tarai in Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal. Peter Lang.
p. 118. ISBN 9781433105807.
11. ^ Government of India (2005) Tiger Task Force Report Archived 27 March 2009 at
the Wayback Machine.
12. ^ Campaign for Survival and Dignity Tiger Conservation: A Disaster in the
MakingArchived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. forestrightsact.com