Saint Ferdinand College

COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
City of Ilagan, Isabela

“ART APPRECIATION”
Module 11 & 12
Lesson 9: Art of Emerging Europe
Prepared by: Jamil C. Laddit, LPT

Introduction:
Art has been integral part in European history. From the time of the ancient civilizations
like the Greeks and Roman all the way to the modern times, art has been used to communicate
ideologies and beliefs systems prevalent within their context. Greek and Romans Civilizations
were also known as the Classical World because both cultures aimed to embody the highest
possible standard of quality in all aspects of their society. When it comes to both art and
Architecture, both civilizations intended to promote the possibility of having an objective and
widely accepted standards for beauty.
Ancient Greece
 The Greeks were known to excel in various fields of aspects of society.
 Their political ideas became the framework of the democratic form of government in
modern times.
 Poetry, drama, and philosophy = Painting, sculpture, and architecture
 REASON – man was at the center of society and how they trained their minds is the
very foundation of they lived their lives.
 Notably passionate about natural phenomenon – nature should be in perfect order.
The development of Greek can be divided into four period:
1. Geometric Period- was a time when Greece was starting to get back from the
onslaught of what seemed to be their Dark Angels. Geometric shapes and patterns have taken
the spotlight on most artwork
2. Archaic Period- placed importance on human figure
3. Classical Period- the peek of Greek sculpture and architecture
4. Hellenistic Period- showcasing emotions and depicting reality. The time of Alexander
the Great was called Hellenistic period
Ancient Rome
 The Roman Republic was established around 500 BCE. It is one of Western Europe’s
mightiest empires.
 ROMAN CIVILIZATION was born during the Hellenistic Period.
 Accused of being a “copycat” to the Greeks.
 Artworks are looking stern, harsh, and strong.
 Invokes REALISM
 Romans are known as “master builders”
Middle ages
 It is the period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
 It was a period that characterized by ignorance and darkness.
 Church was the central figure and authority of the period.
 Most of important products were copies of Christian scriptures.
 The copies were done with illustrations and decorations to highlight the religious focus
of the period.
Romanesque Period
 Romanesque is a specific style of architecture.
 Architectures are richer and grandiose.
 It is characterized by a massiveness of scale, reflecting the greater stability and
confidence of the Christian Church.
Gothic Period
 The walls on the churches was disbanded and replaced by glass windows that looked
like glass walls from the inside.
Renaissance Art
 “INDIVIDUAL” is valued as the subject of arts by the artists “to empower the
“individual””.
 Gave importance to non-religious themes or subjects.
 The revival of Roman theatrical plays which were performed during special occasions
at the courts of Italian Princes.
 Showed concerns to the stage and costumes of the performer, lead to the birth of
OPERA.
Mannerism
 It was a period in art history, which was a product of the Renaissance Period.
 Artworks displayed distorted figures, two-dimensional spaces, discordant hues and
colors, and lack of defined focal point.
Baroque and the Rococo
 Baroque is derived from the Portuguese term barocco which means “irregularly shaped
pearl”. It is an undisguised term of abuse or an obstacle in schematic logic”
 This period spanned from 1600 to 1750.
 EXPANSION was the central theme of this period.
 Music was also flourished in this period because as for them, music serves as a powerful
tool of communication.
 BAROQUE MUSIC distinguish loud from soft and solo from ensemble.
 ROCOCO represented “secular high fashion”.
 It shows scenes of society’s elite.
Neoclassicism
 It was a movement in Europe that transpired during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
 It was the dominant art movement that time which aimed to revive and rekindle the
influences of Greek and Roman into art and architecture
Romanticism
 An art movement that used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a
springboard.
 Romanticists highlighted heroic elements in their work.
 Revolutionary movements became their focal point.
 The goodness of mankind was the major and central theme in this period to promote
justice, equality, and social order.
Realism
 It focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and somehow mirrors reality.
 It was heavily influenced by Hellenistic Greek culture.
 Artistic works began to depict real-life events.
IMPRESSIONISM
 Impressionism started in France which led to a break from the tradition in European
painting.
 It is a style of painting that emerged in the mid to late 1800s.
 Artworks were incorporated with scientific principles to achieve a more distinct
representation of color.
 The Impressionism style can be seen through the brushstrokes, distinction of colors, and
the lights and shadows used by the artist.
Post-impressionism
 An art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both the influence and
rejection of Impressionism.
 developed individual styles that gave emphasis to defining from with the use of broken
colors and short brush stroke.
 Famous Post-impressionism artists
- Paul Cezanne
- Georges Seurat
- Paul Gaugin
- Vincent van Gogh
Neo-impressionism
 It is considered as a response to empirical realism of impressionism.
 they rely on a systematic and scientific techniques that have a predetermined visual
effects not only on the art work itself but also how the audience perceive art.
 Georges Seurat was the leading figure in pointillism.
 Pointillism – an art technique that utilizes discrete dots and dashes of pure color.
Art Nouveau
 An ornamental style of art which uses long and organic lines that are concretely
manifested in architecture, jewelry and glass design.
 Its defining characteristic is the asymmetrical line that usually is in the form of insect
wings or flower stalks.
Fauvism
  A style of painting that emerged in France around 20th century.
 Fauvists uses pure vibrant colors by applying straight from the paint tubes directly to
the canvas.
 Introduce and promote a picture space that is defined by the movement of color.
Cubism
 Was introduced by French artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque between 1907 and
1914.
 It rejected the notion “art should imitate nature”
Futurism
 It is an early twentieth art movement that started in Italy.
 It highlighted the speed, energy, dynamism, and power of machines.
 Restlessness and the fast-pace of modern life were the common themes in this
movement.
 Filippon Tommaso Marinetti, an Italian poet and editor, coined the term “futurism” to
reflect his purpose of disregarding the traditional methods of the art in the past.
Symbolism
 A symbol is a visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or quality.
 Symbolism systematically uses symbols to concentrate or intensify meaning, making the
work of art more subjective (rather than objective) and conventional. For example, a flag
is a symbol of a country and it depicts the value of nationalism; a lion to represent
courage and a lamb to represent meekness. The logos and emblemsof business firms and
the coat of arms of bishops are also examples of symbolism.