JGHGIGN
SF]KGIGAGA BMGU EGIGJ UVMVN _GAL EOMF]OHGA TFDG]G
LGTU]B]FUFAUOPF
LGTU]B]FUFAUOPF T\FIIOAL EGA @IBGUOAL

Ebsfa Sfalgjpu ;

Srb`. Er. Ufto Oaergwgto, JT.Gpt

Eosusua Bifn ;

7. G`o`g
G`o`gn
n @oga
@ogaeg
egao
ao 7>
7>44
4433
337=
7=
=. Jorgaeg Tfptogao A 7>443340
4. Tgisgmoig Gyuaoaltygs T 7>44334<
5. ]o
]ohj
hjgi
gi Jgui
Jguiga
gagg 7>
7>44
4433
334>
4>
6. Tudo Gjgiog 7>443357

OATUOUVU TGOAT EGA UFHABIBLO AGTOBAGI

S]BL]GJ TUVEO T7 @G]JGTO
@GHVIUGT @G]JGTO
=3=3
 

HGUG SFALGAUG] 

Suko syuhur hfngeorgt Giign T\U ygal tfign jfjmfrohga rgnjgt ega noegygn-Ayg
sfnoallgtulgs jghgign ygal mfrkueui ’SF]KGIGAGA BMGU EGIGJ UVMVN _GAL

EOMF]OHGA TFDG]G LGTU]B]FUFAUOPF T\FIIOAL EGA @IBGUOAL.‚tfpgtpgeg

wghtuayg.
Gegpua tukuga egro pfauiosga jghgign oao ygotu uatuh jfjfauno tulgs mob`grjgso.
Tfig
figoa otu, jghgign oao kulg mfrt
rtu
ukuga uatuh jfagjm
gjmgn wgwgsg
sga
a tfatgal
’LGTU]B]FUFAUUOPF T\FIOAL EGA @IBGUOAL‚ mglo pgrg pfjmgdg ega kulg mglo
 pfauios.
Egigj pfayusuaga jghgign oao, pfauios jfaludgphga rgsg tfrojg hgson hfpgeg sfjug
 pongh ygal tfign jfjmgatu. Sfauios jfalngrgphga hrotoh ega sgrga
sg rga egro pgrg pfjmgdg ygal
 mfrso`gt jfjmgalua glgr egigj pfauiosga jghgign mosg ifmon mgoh iglo eojgsg
eojgsg jfaegtgal.

Kghgrtg, Abvfjmfr =3=3

Sfauios

7
 

EG@UG] OTO

HGUG SFALGAUG] o

EG@UG] OTO oo

MGM O SFAEGNVIVGA 4

7.7
7.7 Igtg
Igtgrr Mfig
Mfighg
hgal
al 4
7.=
7.= ]uju
]ujusga
sga Jgsgi
Jgsgign
gn 4

7.4 Uuku
Uukuga
ga 4

MGM OO UOAKGVGA SVTUGHG 6

=.7 Gagtbjo
Gagtbjo ega @osobiblo
@osobiblo Tgiurga
Tgiurga Dfrag pgeg Jgausog
Jgausog 6
=.= Sfjmui
Sfjmuiun
un Egrgn
Egrgn ygal
ygal Jfifwgt
Jfifwgtoo Lgstrbr
Lgstrbrfat
fatfto
ftovf
vf Twfiio
Twfiioal
al ega @ibgtoal
@ibgtoal Tystfj
Tystfj
Twfiioal gae @ibgtoal Erul Efiovfry Tystfj >
=.4 Jgdgj — Jgdgj Mfatuh
Mfatuh Tfeogga Lgstrbrfatft
Lgstrbrfatftovf
ovf Twfiioal
Twfiioal ega @ibgtoal
@ibgtoal Efiovfry
Tystfj >
=.5 Hbjpba
Hbjpbafa
fa ega hgrght
hgrghtfros
frostoh
toh egro
egro Dgorga
Dgorga Lgstrb
Lgstrbrftf
rftfato
atovf
vf Twfiio
Twfiioal
al gae @ibgto
@ibgtoal
al
Efiovfry Tystfj ?
=.6 @ght
@ghtb
br yga
gal
l Jfj
Jfjpfa
falg
lgru
runo
no IEG Tfe
Tfeog
ogga
ga Bmgt
Bmgt Twfii
wfiioa
oal
l ga
gae
e @ib
ibgt
gtoa
oal
l
Lgstrbrfatftovf Erul Efiovfry Tystfj 77
=.0 Fvgiugso
Fvgiugso Mob`grjgsftoh
Mob`grjgsftoh pgeg Tfeogga Bmgt Lgstrbrftfa
Lgstrbrftfatovf
tovf Twfiioal
Twfiioal gae @ibgtoal
Erul Efiovfry Tystfj 7=

MGM OOO SFJMGNGTGA 75

MGM OP SFAVUVS 7?

=
 

5.7
5.7 Hfsoj
Hfsojpu
puiga
iga 7?

5.= Tgrga
Tgrga =3

EG@UG] SVTUGHG =7

MGM O
SFAEGNVIVGA

7.7 Igtgr
Igtgr Mfighga
Mfighgal
l

Tostfj
Tostfj pfaln
pfalngat
gatgrga
grga bmgt
bmgt ygal
ygal eotgng
eotgnga
a eoigjm
eoigjmual
ual eosfmu
eosfmutt Lgstrb ]ftfatovf Erul 
 Efiovfry Tystfj (L]EET) gegign sugtu sostfj pfalgngatgra bmgt eojgag pfifpgsga bmgt
tfrkgeo eo igjmual egigj kgalhg wghtu ygal ifmon igjg. L]EET jgjpu jfaoalhgthga
 mobgvgoigmoiotgs, jfalurgalo bmgt ygal tfrmugal efalga sog-sog, jfaoalhgthga hfigrutga
bmgt-bmgtga ygal hurgal igrut pgeg ioalhualga pN ygal toallo. .

Tgtu upgyg ygal tfign mgaygh eoighuhga uatuh jfjpfrtgngahgga sfeogga glgr mfrgeg
egigj kgalhg wghtu eo egigj igjmual gegign sfeogga efalga sostfj jfalfjmgal (swffioal
systfj) ega jfalgpual ( @ibgtoal systfj).Tostfj oao eomugt glgr egpgt jfjmfsgr hftohg
hbatgh efalga dgorga igjmual sfnoallg uhurgayg ifmon mfsgr egro hifp poibroh pgeg sggt
jfjmuhg pgeg sggt hifp tfrmuhg,sfnoallg egpgt mfrtgnga eo egigj igjmual egigj wghtu
ygal ifmon igjg.

Tostfj Sfalng
Tostfj Sfalngatg
atgrga
rga bmgt
bmgt jfalfj
jfalfjmga
mgall eohfag
eohfagii efalga
efalga ostoign
ostoign swffioa
swffioal
l systfj
systfjs.
s.
Mfatuh sfeogga oao jfakgeo ifmon mfsgr egro uhurga hifp poibroh ygal tfrmuhg ega tfrtgnga

4
 

eoigjmual.Tugtu sfeogga jfalfjmgal jfrupghga sugru jgtfrogi ygal egpgt jfalfjmgal

efalga
efalga sfaeor
sfaeoroay
oaygg gtgu
gtgu sfeogga
sfeogga tfrsfmu
tfrsfmutt jfalga
jfalgaeua
eual
l mgnga
mgnga ygal
ygal juegn
juegn jfalfj
jfalfjmga
mgal.
l.
Tfeogga ygal jfalfjmgal egpgt eomugt mfrupg lrgaui, tgmift ega hgpsui.

Tfeogga
Tfeogga jfalfjmga
jfalfjmgal
l eoluaghga
eoluaghga uatuh tukuga
tukuga pfalbmgtga
pfalbmgtga ibhgi eo igjmual,
igjmual, usus,

Tgiurga Lgstrboatfstoagi, pfalngatgrga bmgt spfso`oh eo hbiba, sostfj pfalngatgrga igaslual

hf tgrlftega sfeogga tgrlft lgstrbrftfatovf.

7.= ]ujusga Jgsgign

7. Mglgojgag
Mglgojgag Gagtbj
Gagtbjoo @osobibl
@osobibloo pgeg
pgeg sgiurga
sgiurga dfrag jgausog
jgausog 2
=. Mglgojgag
Mglgojgag Sfjmuiun
Sfjmuiun egrgn
egrgn ygal jfifwgto
jfifwgto lgstrbrft
lgstrbrftfatov
fatovff swfiioal gae
gae `ibgtoal2
`ibgtoal2
4. Gpg hbjpbaf
hbjpbafa
a ega hgrghtfrosto
hgrghtfrostoh
h egro dgorga
dgorga lgstrbrftfato
lgstrbrftfatovfswfii
vfswfiioal
oal gae `ibgtoal
`ibgtoal22
5. Gpg sgkg `ghtbr
`ghtbr ygal jfjpfalgru
jfjpfalgruno
no IEG lgstrbrftfato
lgstrbrftfatovfswfi
vfswfiioal
ioal gae `ibgtoal2
`ibgtoal2
6. Mglgoj
Mglgojgag
gag fvgiug
fvgiugso
so mob`grj
mob`grjgsft
gsftoh
oh pgeg
pgeg sfeogga
sfeogga bmgt lgstrb
lgstrbrft
rftfat
fatovf
ovfswfi
swfiioa
ioal
l gae
`ibgtoal2

7.4 Uukuga
Uukuga
7. Jfjgngjo
Jfjgngjo gagtbjo
gagtbjo `osobiblo
`osobiblo pgeg
pgeg sgiurga
sgiurga dfrag jgausog
jgausog
=. Jfjgngjo
Jfjgngjo pfjmuiun
pfjmuiun egrgn
egrgn ygal
ygal jfifwgto
jfifwgto lgstrbrftfa
lgstrbrftfatovf
tovf swfiioal
swfiioal gae
gae `ibgtoal
`ibgtoal
4. Jfjgng
Jfjgngjo
jo hbjpbafa
hbjpbafa ega hgrght
hgrghtfros
frostoh
toh egro dgorga
dgorga lgstrbrf
lgstrbrftfa
tfatov
tovff swfiioa
swfiioal
l gae

`ibgtoal
5. Jfjgngjo
Jfjgngjo `ghtbr
`ghtbr ygal jfjpfa
jfjpfalgrun
lgrunoo IEG lgstrbrft
lgstrbrftfatovf
fatovf swfiioal
swfiioal gae
gae `ibgtoal
`ibgtoal
6. Jfjgngjo
Jfjgngjo fvgiug
fvgiugso
so mob`grj
mob`grjgsftoh
gsftoh pgeg sfeogga
sfeogga bmgt
bmgt lgstrbrftfat
lgstrbrftfatovf
ovf swfiioa
swfiioal
l gae
gae
`ibgtoal

5
 

MGM OO
UOAKGVGA SVTUGHG

=.7 Gagtbjo @osbiblo Tgiurga

Tgiurga Dfrag p
pgeg
geg Jgausog
Tostfj pfadfragga gtgu sostfj lgstrboatfstoagi ( juigo egro juiut sgjpgo gaus)
ge
gegi
gign
gn sostf
sostfj
j br
brlg
lga
a eg
egig
igj
j jg
jgau
auso
sogg yg
ygal
al mf
mfr`
r`ua
uals
lsoo ua
uatu
tuh
h jfaf
jfafro
rojg
jg jghg
jghgag
aga,
a,
jfadfragayg jfakge zgt- zgt lozo egag fafrlo, jfayfrgp zgt — zgt lozo hfegigj giorga
egrgn sfrtg jfjmugal mgloga jghgaga ygal toegh egpgt eodfrag gtgu jfrupghga sosg
 prbsfs tfrsfmut egro tumun. Tgiurga pfadfragga tfreoro egro juiut, tfallbrbhga ( `groal),
hfrbalhbalga, igjmual, usus ngius, usus mfsgr, rfdtuj ega gaus. Tostfj pfadfragga
 kulg jfioputo brlga — brlga ygal tfriftgheo iugr sgiurga pfadfragga ygotu, pgalhrfgs,
ngto ega hgaeual fjpfeu.

7. Juiut
Tugtu rballg tfrmuhg tfjpgt jgsuhayg jghgaga ega gor pgeg nfwga. Juiut
 mogsgayg tfriftgh eohfpgig ega ujuayg jfrupghga mgloga gwgi egro sostfj
sos tfj pfadfragga
ifalhgp ygal mfrghnor eo gaus. Juiu tfrmglo egro lolo ega ioegn.

=. Ufal
Ufallb
lbrb
rbhg
hga
a (@gr
(@groa
oal)
l)
Jfrupg
Jfrupghga
hga pfalnu
pfalnumu
mual
al gatgrg
gatgrg rballg
rballg juiut
juiut ega hfrbal
hfrbalhba
hbalga
lga.. Eoegigj
Eoegigj

ifal
ifalhu
hual
al `gro
`groal
al tfre
tfregp
gpgt
gt tbas
tbasoi
oi ( gj
gjae
aefi
fi ) yg
ygot
otu
u hf
hfif
ifak
akgr
gr ioj`
ioj`ff yg
ygal
al mg
mgay
aygh 
gh 

6
 

jfalga
jfalgaeua
eual
l hfifak
hfifakgr
gr ioj`bs
ioj`bsot
ot ega jfrupg
jfrupghga
hga pfrtgn
pfrtgngag
gaga
a tfrngeg
tfrngegp
p oa`fhs
oa`fhso,
o, eosoao
eosoao
tfriftg
tfriftgh
h mfrsoj
mfrsojpga
pgalga
lga gatgrg
gatgrg kgiga
kgiga ag`gs
ag`gs ega kgi
kgiga
ga jghgag
jghgaga,
a, ift
iftgha
ghayg
yg eomfigh
eomfighgal
gal
rballg juiut ega tballg noeual, eoefpga rugs noeual.

4. Igjmual

Igjmual jfrupghga brlga mfrupg nuru`’ K‚, ygal uhurgaayg hurgal ifmon =
hfpgiga tgalga. Igjmual tfriftgh eo gatgrg fsb`glus sfrtg usus ngius eo pfrut mgloga
gtgs.
gtgs.Ig
Igjm
jmua
ual
l jfjp
jfjpua
uayg
ygoo 4 `u
`ual
also
so utgj
utgjgg eg
egig
igj
j sost
sostfj
fj pf
pfad
adfra
fragga
gga,, og
ogign
ign mu
mugt
gt
jfagrun
jfagrun sgatgpga
sgatgpga sfrtg dgorga ygal tfrosgp8 jfallgmualh
jfallgmualhga
ga jghgaga
jghgaga sfrtg dgorga
 pfadfragga ygal eoprbeuhsoayg, sfrtg igjmgt- igua jfiugalhga osoayg hf egigj usus
hfdoi.Ngayg sfmgloga zgt, sfjgdgj gor sfrtg gihbnbi, ygal mosg eosfrgp igalsual egro
igjm
igjmua
ual.
l. [gt-
[gt- zg
zgtt jghg
jghgag
aga
a ygal
ygal igoa
igoa wgko
wgkom
m jfaf
jfafjp
jpun
un pr
prbs
bsfs
fs pf
pfad
adfr
frag
agga
ga
igjmual.Igjmual jfrupghga mgloga egro trghtus lgstrboatfstoagi pfrtgjg ygal mfrgeg
eo oatrg gmebjoagi, tfriftgh eo gatgrg fsbpnglus ega eubefauj.Ufriftgh pgeg egfrgn

fpolgstrouj ega jfiugs hf nopbhnbaerouj horo,mfrmfatuh jfifalhual sfpfrto nuru` 

’K‚efalga jfjpuaygo pgrofs gatfrobr (supfrobr) ega pgrofs pbstfrobr (oa`frobr). Tfiurun
brlga igjmual tfregpgt eo egigj rballg pfrotbafuj ega eotutupo bifn bjfatuj.
Sfalbsbalga igjmual tfrkgeo mgoh pgeg brgal ygal pugsg jgupua ygaltoegh 
 pugsg, agjua jfjoioho pbig mfrmfeg. Sgeg brgal ygal mfrpugsgoatfreolfstovf tfrkgeo
jfigiuo igjmual ega usus hfdoi sftogp =;4 kgj. Ghtovotgsiostroh oao eosfmut sfmglgo
sohiuss jybfifdtrod
sohiu jybfifdtrod oatfreolfsto
oatfreolfstovf
vf gtgu jolrgtoalj
jolrgtoaljybfifd
ybfifdtrod
trod dbjpifx
dbjpifx (JJD) ygal
eomglo jfakgeo fjpgt tgngp, ygotu ;
 Ugngp O ; Oao gegign pfrobef eogj efalga hbatrghso ygal kgrgal

 mfrigalsual53-03 jfaot.
jfaot.
 Ugngp
gngp OO ; OOao
ao mfri
mfriga
gal
lsu
sual
al sf
sfig
igjg
jg =3
=3-5
-53
3 jfa
jfaot
ot ega tf
tfre
reor
oroo egr
egroo pb
pbtf
tfas
asog
ogii
ghsooa
ghsooatfrj
tfrjotfa
otfa ega hbatrgh
hbatrghso
so ygal
ygal sfdgrg
sfdgrg mfrtgn
mfrtgngp
gp jfaoal
jfaoalhgh
hghga
ga oatfas
oatfasotg
otgss
ega`rfhufaso sfmglgo `gsf mfrigalsual.
 Ugng
Ugngp
p OOO
OOO ; @gs
@gsff oao
oao rf
rfig
igto
to`` pfa
pfaef
efh
h ega
ega oa
oatf
tfas
as,, h
hba
batr
trgh
ghso
so tf
tfrg
rgtu
turr ssfi
figj
gjgg 5-0
5-0
jfaot.. @gsf oao jfaegpgthg
jfaot jfaegpgthga
a sohius
sohius ostoign
ostoign "nbusfhffp
"nbusfhffpfr"lfib
fr"lfibjmga
jmgal,
l, hgrfag
jfjualhoahga uatuh jfaygpu mfrson sfjug mgngaygal tfrdfag egro pfrut ega
turua hf usus hfdoi. Ufign eogjgto mgnwg `gsf OOOegro sgtu sohius jfadgpgo
ghnorusus hfdoi, `gsf OOO egro sohius mfrohutaygeojuigo pgeg eubefauj.

Ugngp OP ; Oao
Oao mfr
mfriga
gal
lsual sfi
sfigag 3-6
3-6 jfa
jfaot . Oao tfr
tfrkgeo gat
gatgrg `gsf
`gsf OO
OOO
egatgngp O egro eug sohius mfrturut-turut.

0
 

5. Vsus Ngius
Vsuss ngius
Vsu ngius jfrupg
jfrupghga
hga tgmual
tgmual ygal jfjoio
jfjoioho
ho pgakga
pgakgal
l hurgal
hurgal-ifm
-ifmon
on 0 — <
jftfr.
jftfr.Vsu
Vsuss ngius
ngius tfreor
tfreoroo egro
egro tolg
tolg mgloga
mgloga,, ygotu
ygotu eubefa
eubefauj
uj (usus
(usus 7= kgro),
kgro), kfk
kfkuau
uauj
j
(mgloga tfalgn jfioalhgr), ega oifuj (mgloga tfrghnor). Vsus ngius jfjoioho eug `ualso
 pfatoal, ygotu; Srbsfs pfadfragga sfifsgo eo soao bifn fazoj ega zgt igoa ygal eomugt

bifn sfi usus, pgahrfgs, ega ngto. Hfifakgr eo eoaeoal usus jfalfiugrhga fazoj ygal
jfjfdgn
jfj fdgn pgto ega luig. Sgahrf
Sgahrfgs
gs jfalfi
jfalfiugr
ugrhga
hga fazoj
fazoj hf egigj
egigj usus
usus hfdoi
hfdoi ygal
ygal
jfjmgatu pfjfdgnga hgrmbnoergt, ifjgh, ega prbtfoa. Ngto jfalngsoihga fjpfeu,
ygal eosojpga eo hgatbal fjpfeu. Fjpfeu jfjmgatu jfjmugt jbifhui ifjgh egpgt
igrut,
igrut, sfnoal
sfnoallg
lg egpgt
egpgt eosfrg
eosfrgp
p bifn
bifn tumun.
tumun.Vsu
Vsuss ngius
ngius jfayfr
jfayfrgp
gp autroso
autroso egro
egro prbsfs
prbsfs
 pfadfragga. Eoaeoal mgloga egigj egro usus hfdoi eotutupo bifn kutgga voiio ega
johrbvoiio
johrbvoiio.. Hbjmoagso
Hbjmoagso hfeugayg
hfeugayg jfaoalhgthga
jfaoalhgthga iugs pfrjuhgga
pfrjuhgga usus ngius sfdgrg
 mfsgr-mfsgrga, jfjualhoahga pfayfrgpga autroso tfrkgeo.

6. Vsus Mfsgr
Vsus mfsgr jfjmfatuh nuru` ’V‚ tfrmgioh eo gtgs usus ngius ygal eoluiual. Oao
eojuigo eo soso hgaga mgwgn tumun ega mfrghnor eo soso horo mgwgn. Vsus mfsgr mfruhurga
sfhotgrr 6-0 jftfr, ygal jfjoioho
sfhotg jfjoioho tolg mgloga,
mgloga, ygotu sfhuj (dfduj),
(dfduj), hbiba
hbiba ega rfhtuj
(rfdtuj). @ualso utgjg egro usus mfsgr gegign jfjmugal gor ega lgrgj (fifhtrbiot) egro
 mgnga ygal toegh tfrdfrag ega jfjmfatuh iojmgn pgegt ygal egpgt eohfiugrhga.
Mghtfro eo usus mfsgr jfjmgatu jfjfdgn mgnga ygal toegh tfrdfrag. Tosg oso usus mfsgr 
eopoae
eopoaegnh
gnhga
ga hf grgn rfhtuj
rfhtuj,, eo jgag
jgag `fsfs
`fsfs eosojp
eosojpga
ga sgjpgo
sgjpgo jfaoal
jfaoallgi
lgihga
hga tumun
tumun
jfigiuo gaus.

0. ]fhtuj
]fht
]fhtuj
uj ge
gegi
gign
gn mglo
mgloga
ga ukua
ukual
l egro
egro sost
sostfj
fj pf
pfad
adfr
frag
agga
ga eo jgag
jgag hb
hbtb
tbrg
rga
a
jfaujpuh tfpgt sfmfiuj eomugal. ]fhtuj jfaygjmual efalga hbiba soljboe ega
jfjgakgal 74 sgjpgo 76 dj (6 sgjpgo 0 oado) hf gaus. @ualso utgjg rfhtuj gegign
 pfayojpgaga sfjfatgrg toakg/iojmgn pfadfragga. Tfnoallg hotg jualhoa jfjoioho
 mfmfrgpg wghtu uatuh jfadgpgo tfjpgt eo jgag hotg mosg mugal gor mfsgr. Hftohg
iojmgn ega mgnga jghgaga ygal eodfrag jgsuh hf egigjayg, hgagi jfakgeo jfifmgr,
sfnoallg btbt-btbt ygal jfigposo egfrgn eumur jfrflgal/jfifmgr.

<
 

<. Gaus
Gaus jfrupghga iumgal eo ukual sgiurga pfadfragga, eojgag mgnga iojmgn
hfiugr egro tumun. Tfmgloga gaus tfrmfatuh egro pfrjuhgga tumun (huiot) ega sfmgloga
igaay
igaaygg egro
egro usus.S
usus.Sfjm
fjmuhg
uhgga
ga ega pfautu
pfautupga
pga gaus
gaus eogtur
eogtur bifn
bifn btbt
btbt spnoad
spnoadtfr.
tfr. `fsfs
`fsfs
eomugal
eomugal egro tumun jfigiuo
jfigiuo prbsfs ef`fhgso (mugal gor mfsgr - MGM), ygal jfrupghga
jfrupghga

`ualso utgjg gaus. Gaus gtgu eumur jfrupghga pfalnumual gatgrg rfhtuj efalga
ioalhualga iugr tumun. Eo gaus tfregpgt btbt spnoahtfr ygal mfr`ualso uatuh jfjmuhg
ega jfautup gaus. @ualso utgjg gaus gegign sfmglgo gigt pfjmugalga `fsfs jfigiuo
 prbsfs ef`fhgso (mugal gor mfsgr).

=.= Sfjmuiun
Sfjmuiun egrgn
egrgn ygal
ygal jfifwg
jfifwgto
to lgstrb
lgstrbrftf
rftfatovf
atovf swfiioal
swfiioal gae `ibgtoalTos
`ibgtoalTostfj
tfj
Twfiioal gae `ibgtoal Erul Efiovfry Tystfj.
Sfalngatgrga ygal pfrignga egro mfatuh sfeogga ygal eotgnga eo igjmual
jfjmfr
jfjmfrohga
ohga ghso
ghso ibhgi
ibhgi ygal
ygal sfsugo
sfsugo tfjpgt
tfjpgt ygal
ygal sghot.
sghot.Tfe
Tfeogga
ogga eorgad
eorgadgal
gal uatuh 
uatuh 
eotgnga eo igjmual ega jfalngatgrhga bmgt hf juiut igjmual.Sfjmuiun egrgn ygal
jfifwgto systfj oao tfregpgt pgeg mgloga sumjudbsg igjmual ygal eojgag pgeg
 mgloga oao ogign igposga
igposg a eo jgag pfjmuiun egrgn grtfro ega vfag egpgt eo tfjuhga eo
igjmual ega kulg mfrluag uatuh jfaygiurhga autroso ega bhsolfa hf sfi-sfi pfrut
sfhgiolus uatuh jfjmgwg autroso ygal eosfrgp.
=.4 Jgdgj — jgdgj mfatuh sfeogga lgstrbrftfatov
lgstrbrftfatovff swffioal gae `ibgtoal efiovfry
systfj
Tfeogg
Tfeogga
a ygal
ygal jfallu
jfalluagh
aghga
ga sostfj
sostfj pfalng
pfalngatg
atgrga
rga ygal
ygal eotgng
eotgnga
a eo igjmua
igjmual
l egpgt
egpgt
 mfrupg lrgaui.pfiift, lrgaui ygal eosgiut,spgasui,hgpsui, tgmift, tgmift sgiut, ega igoa
igoa. Mfatuh ygal sfroal eotfjuo gegign mfrupg hgpsui ygal jfalgaeual lrgaui/
lrgaui sgiut,pfiift gtgu johrbhgpsui.
Mfrohut mfmfrgpg dbatbn bmgt sfdgrg lgstrbrftfatovf `ibgtgoal ega swffioal sostfj ;
tgmift, dgpsuifs, jodrbspnbrf,lrgaui, `oij.

>
 

=.5Hbj
=.5Hbjpba
pbafa
fa ega hgrght
hgrghtfr
frost
ostoh
oh egro
egro dgorga
dgorga lgstr
lgstrbrf
brftfa
tfatov
tovff swfiio
swfiioal
al gae `ibgt
`ibgtoal
oal
efiovfry systfj

Hgrghtfrostoh
Hgrghtfrostoh Tfeogga tgmift Twfiioal
tgmift  Twfiioal gae `ibgtoal Lgstrbrftfatovf
Lgstrbrftfatovf Erul Efiovfry
 Tystfj

 Dfpgt jfalfjmgal hftohg hbatgh efalga dgorga igjmual

 Vhurga eogjftfr tgmift ygal jfalfjmgal 7=-7>jj (ifmon mfsgr egro uhurga
 pybrus)
 Jfjoioho gmsbrmso ega fhshrfso ygal igjmgt ega toegh jfjoioho wghtu pgrun
tfrigiu dfpgt
 Egpgt eogmsbrmso efalga mgoh pgeg kgiur lgstrboatfstoagi, jfjoioho hfigrutga
ygal mgoh , toegh mbifn tfrigiu igrut ega tfrigiu toegh igrut
 Jfjoioho ebsos tfrgpo ygal rfigto` hfdoi gtgu ngrus ifmon hfdoi egro 3,6 lrgj

 Jfjoioho oaefhs tfrgpo ygal iugs gatgrg ebsos f`fhto` ega ebsos tbhsoh, sfnoallg
bmgtt egpgt
bmg egpgt eohgtfl
eohgtflbro
brohga
hga gjga
gjga ega toegh
toegh jfaojm
jfaojmuih
uihga
ga ebsf eujpoal , ygotu
ifpgsayg sfkujign mfsgr bmgt egigj sfeogga sfdgrg sfrfatgh 
 Eoluaghga ifmon mgoh uatuh pfalbmgtga pfayghot hrbaoh egropgeg pfayghot ghut.

Hbjpbafa sfeogga  Twfiioal gae `ibgtoal Lgstrbrftfatovf

Lgstrbrftfatovf Erul Efiovfry

 Tystfjtfreoro
 Tystfjtfreoro egro;

 [gt ghto`( Ngrus jfjfauno sygrgt ygal eotfatuhga bifn `grjghbpf).

 Sbio
Sbiojf
jfrr ua
uatu
tuh
h jfal
jfalfa
faeg
egio
iohg
hga
a pf
pfif
ifpg
pgsga
sga bm
bmgt
gt (sfiu
(sfiuib
ibsg,
sg, pb
pbio
iour
urft
ftga
ga eg
ega
a
 pbiogjoe).
 Sfjmgwg ygal jfjoioho so`gt jfalfjmgal.Mgnga pfalfjmgal gegign sugtu
rgatgo pbiojfr noerb`oioh ygal drbss ioahfe sfdgrg hojog gtgu`osohg. Twfiioal
glfats egpgt jfayfrgp gtgu jfalgmsbrpso gor gtgu igrutga brlgaodnoerblfi

?
 

Hfifmonga ega hfhurgalga

G.  Twfiioal erul efiovfry

efiovfry sostfj
- Hfifmonga ;
7. Jfjgst
Jfjgstohg
ohga
a hfgjgaga
hfgjgaga ega jfjpfr
jfjpfrmgo
mgoho
ho egyg hfrkg
hfrkg ( f`ohgs
f`ohgsoo ) zgt ghto
ghto`` sfrtg
jfaoalhgthga hfpgtunga pgsofa
=. Jfjpfrmfsgr
Jfjpfrmfsgr kgrgh
kgrgh wghtu
wghtu pfaebsosga
pfaebsosga ygal
ygal eopfriu
eopfriuhga
hga gtgu eopfrsy
eopfrsygrgthga
grgthga
4. Jfalurgalo
Jfalurgalo `iuhtu
`iuhtugso
gso hbasfatrg
hbasfatrgso
so zgt ghto`
ghto` egigj
egigj egrgn eosfhotgr
eosfhotgr rgtg — rgtg
5. Jfalurgalo
Jfalurgalo orotgso
orotgso sgiurga
sgiurga dfrag
dfrag ega
ega f`fh sgjpoal
sgjpoal igoa mfrhgot
mfrhgotga
ga ebsos
ebsos
6. Jfaln
Jfalngsoi
gsoihga
hga f`fh
f`fh ygal
ygal ifmon
ifmon sfrgl
sfrglgj
gj
- Hfhurgalga ;
7. Tfeogga
Tfeogga ifpgs
ifpgs igjmgt
igjmgt ygal
ygal dfaerual
dfaerual tftgp
tftgp utun egpgt
egpgt tfrsgalhu
tfrsgalhutt pgeg
pgeg sugtu
tfjpgt eosfpgakgal sgiurga dfrag
=. Tfeogga
Tfeogga ifpgs
ifpgs igjmgt
igjmgt eb
ebsos
sos tuallgi
tuallgi mogsgay
mogsgaygg jfalga
jfalgaeua
eual
l kujign
kujign tbtgi
tbtgi zgt
ghto` ifmon mfsgr egro pgeg hgaeualga zgt ghto` sfeogga ygal mogsg eomfrohga
egigj mfatuh hbavfsobagi ebsos tuallgi
4. Jfal
Jfalga
gaeu
eual
al ebsos
ebsos yg
ygal
al fh
fhuo
uovg
vgif
ifa
a ef
efal
alga
ga eu
eugg hg
hgio
io gtgu
gtgu if
ifmo
mon
n eb
ebsos
sos ygal
tfrh
tfrhga
gaeu
eual
al eoeg
eoegig
igj
j sf
sfeo
eogg
gga
a ygal
ygal eo
eomf
mfro
rohg
hga
a eg
egig
igj
j mf
mfat
atuh
uh sf
sfeo
eogg
gga
a
hbavfasobagi
5. Ngrl
Ngrlgg pf
pfrr ua
uaot
ot sfeogg
sfeogga
a ifpg
ifpgss igjmg
igjmgtt if
ifmo
mon
n jgng
jgngii eg
egro
ro pg
pgeg
eg sfeoga
sfeoga mfatuh 
mfatuh 
hbavfasobagi ygal jfalgaeual zgt ghto` sgjg.

M. @ibgtoal efiovfry systfj

- Hfifmonga ;
7. Jfalur
Jfalurgal
galoo `rfh
`rfhufa
ufaso
so pfjmfr
pfjmfroga
oga
=. Jfal
Jfalur
urga
galo
lo f`
f`fh
fh jfru
jfrulo
lohg
hga
a hg
hgrf
rfag
ag toeg
toegh
h ge
gegg `iuh
`iuhtu
tugso
gso hg
hgeg
egrr bm
bmgt
gt eo eg
egig
igj
j
egrgn
4. Bmgt
Bmgt eonga
eongatgrh
tgrhga
ga sfdgrg
sfdgrg tfrhbat
tfrhbatrbi
rbi
5. Eurgso f`fh tfrgpo ygal eooaloahga
eooaloahga ifmon pgakgal
pgakgal
6. Jfalng
Jfalngatg
atgrhg
rhga
a bmgt
bmgt uatuh
uatuh ghso
ghso ibhg
ibhgiig
iig
0. Juegn
Juegn eomfroh
eomfrohga
ga ega pgsofa
pgsofa jfrg
jfrgsg
sg ifmon
ifmon aygjga
aygjga
- Hfhurgalga ;

73
 

7. To
Tost
stfj
fj jfal
jfalgj
gjmg
mgal
al toeg
toegh
h db
dbdb
dbh
h mg
mglo
lo bm
bmgt
gt-b
-bmg
mgtt yg
ygal
al jfjo
jfjoio
ioho
ho jgsg
jgsgig
ign
n
hfigrutga gtgu stgmoiotgs egigj dgorga lgstroh gtgu igjmual.
=. Tostfj
Tostfj oao jfjfriuh
jfjfriuhga
ga toalhgt
toalhgt dgorga toallo
toallo egigj pfrut
pfrut uatuh
uatuh jfaloroj
jfaloroj bmgt
uatuh jfalgjmgal ega mfrhfrkg f`osofa efalga gor.
4. Bmgt-bmgtga
Bmgt-bmgtga ygal
ygal eogmsbrpso
eogmsbrpso sfdgrg
sfdgrg mgoh sfpgakgal
sfpgakgal sgiurga
sgiurga pfadfragg
pfadfragga
a ega ygal
ygal

jfakgigao
jfakgigao `orst-p
`orst-pgss
gss jftgmb
jftgmbiosj
iosjff solao`
solao`ohg
ohga
a jualho
jualhoa
a hurgal
hurgal dbdbh
dbdbh uatuh 
uatuh 
L]EE
L]EET T hghgrf
rfag
ag pf
pfal
albs
bsba
balg
lga
a igjmu
igjmual
al ygygal
al ig
igjm
jmgt
gt eg
egpg
pgtt jfay
jfayfm
fmgm
gmhg
hga
a
 pfauruaga mobgvgoigmoiotgs sostfjoh 
5. Mfmfrgpg
Mfmfrgpg bmgt
bmgt egpgt
egpgt jfayfmgm
jfayfmgmhga
hga orotgso
orotgso juhbsg
juhbsg igjmual.
igjmual.

=.6. @ghtbr ygal Jfjpfalgruno IEG Tfeogga Bmgt Twfiioal gae `ibgtoal
`ibgtoalLgstrbrftfatov
Lgstrbrftfatov
 Erul Efiovfry
Efiovfry Tystfj

7. Vhurga ; Mfatuh sfeogga ygal jfjoioho eogjftfr ifmon mfsgr egro eogjftfr 
s`oaltfrpoibrus jfjmugt bmgt tftgp eo woigygn igjmual ega toegh mosg mfrlfrgh pfrlo
 mfrsgjg efalga oso igjmual hf egigj usus gtgu uhurga
uhurga eogjftfr ygal ifmon mfsgr egro
s`oaltfr poibrus toegh egpgt eopfalgruno bifn wghtu pfalbsbalga igjmual .

=. Mfat
Mfatuh
uh Tf
Tfeo
eogg
gga
a ; Uft
Uftrg
rgnf
nfer
erba
ba ega
ega mfa
mfatu
tuh
h doa
doado
doa
a efa
efalg
lga
a jbe
jbeui
uius
us if
ifat
atur
ur eg
egro
ro 5>
ega ==,6 hoib pbuae pfr squgrf oadn ( HTO ) eoigpbrhga jfjoioho rftfaso ygal ifmon
 mgoh L]U ?3 % sgjpgo 733
733 % pgeg =5 kgj eomgaeoalhga
eomgaeoalhga efalga mfatuh igoaayg
igoaayg .

4. Egigj hfgegga pugsg gtgu toegh ; Egigj hfgegga pugsg, jbrtoiotgs

lgstrb
lgstrboat
oatfsto
fstoagi
agi jfjoio
jfjoioho
ho ghtovo
ghtovotgs
tgs lfrgh
lfrgh ygal
ygal hugt
hugt gtgu
gtgu JJD tfrkgeo
tfrkgeo sftogp
sftogp 7.6
sgjpgoo = kgj. JJD jfaygpu jgtfrogi ygal toegh eodfrag egro igjmual,
sgjpg igjmual, kohg wghtu
 pfjmfroga `brjuigso mfrtfpgtga efalga JJD , L]U egpgt jfakgeo sgalgt pfaefh .
 Agjua, pgeg sggt jghga , JJD tfrtuaeg
tfrtuaeg ega L]U jfakgeo ifmon igjg iglo
5. To`gt
`gt Jgh
ghggaga ; Jgh
Jghgga jg
jghgaga pb
pbiojfr gt
gtgu gs
gsgj ifj
ifjggh eg
egpgt jfrumg pb
pbig
jbrtoi
jbrtoiotgs
otgs egro
egro igjmua
igjmual,
l, wghtu
wghtu pfalbs
pfalbsba
balga
lga igjmua
igjmual
l jfakge
jfakgeoo ifmon
ifmon igjg
igjg ega
 pfifpgsga zgt ghto` jfakgeo ifmon igjg
6. Hbatfa hgibro ; L]U
L]U eg
egpgt e ot
otoalhgthga jfa
jfakgeo 5 sgjpgo 7 3 kg
kgj e fa
falga
jghgaga ygal toallo prbtfoa ega ifjgh 

77
 

0. @rfh
rfhufa
ufaso jgh
ghga
ga ; L]U
L]U egpg
egpgtt jfa
jfaoal
oalhg
hgtt ifmo
ifmon
n egro
egro 533
533 jfa
jfaot
ot hft
hftoh
ohgg jgh
jghga
gaga
ga
eomfrohga mfrturut-turut eomgaeoalhga efalga
efalga jghga sfhgio hgrfag `rfhufaso rfaegn
egro JJD
<. Lfa
faef
efrr ; L]U
L]U pge
gegg igho
igho-i
-igh
ghoo ( 4,5
4,5 · 3,0
3,0 kg
kgj
j ) ifm
ifmon
on df
dfpg
pgtt eom
eomga
gaeo
eoa
alh
lhga
ga efa
fal
lga
 pfrfjpuga ( 5,0 · 7,= kgj ) , tfrifpgs egro mfrgt mgega , toallo mgega ega iugs

 pfrjuhgga tumun.
>. Vjur ; Br
B rgal tu
t ug , tfrutgjg yg
y gal if
ifmon eg
e gro <3
< 3 tg
t gnua , jfjoioho L]
L ]U
solao`ohga ifmon igjg.

?. Hfge
fgegga
gga pfay
faygh
ghot
ot ; Sfay
fayghot
ghot sf
sfpf
pfrt
rtoo eogm
eogmft
ftfs
fs , Sfa
fay
ygh
ghot
ot Drb
rbn
nao
aoh
h ega
ega igoa
igoa-i
-igo
goa
a
jfalumgn \ghtu ]ftfaso Igjmual.

=.
=.0
0 Fvgi
Fvgiug
ugso
so Mo
Mob`
b`gr
grjg
jgsf
sfto
toh
h Sgeg
Sgeg Tfeo
Tfeogg
gga
a Bm
Bmgt
gt Lgst
Lgstrb
rbrf
rftf
tfat
atov
ovff Twfi
Twfiio
ioal
al Gae
Gae
@ibgtoalErul Efiovfr Tystfj

Fvgiug
Fvgiugso
so @grjgh
@grjghbib
biblo
lo (Sfrk
(Sfrkgig
gigaga
aga bmgt
bmgt eo egigj
egigj tumun
tumun sfdgrg
sfdgrg lgstr
lgstrbrf
brftfa
tfatov
tovff
@ibgtoal Tystfj ).

Ufregpgt mfrmglgo dgrg ygal tfign eoighuhga uatuh jfjpfrtgngahga mfatuh sfeogga
eo igjmual glgr egpgt jfaoalhgthga wghtu rftfaso. Dgrg tfrsfmut jfjpfrhfagihga mfatuh 

sfeogga `ibgtoal (lgs ygal jfalngsoihga sostfj pfalfjmgalga gtgu sostfj jfjpfriugs
juhbgenfso`, sostfj efasotgs toallo, sostfj mfatuh bmgt eojbeo`ohgso eo igjmual.

Tostfj jfalgpual pgeg pfalngatgrga bmgt (@EE) jfjoioho hfpgegtga muih hurgal
egro dgorga igjmual ega sfmgohayg tftgp tfrgpual eo igjmual tgapg jfjpfalgruno igku
 pfalbsbalga igjmual uatuh kgalhg wghtu igjg. Bmgt eoifpgshga pfrignga-ignga pgeg
toalhgt ygal eooaloahga egro systfj `ibgtoal lgtrbrftfatovf.

Tftfign pfifpgsga bmgt jghg L]U jfaoalhgt efalga hbatrbi ygal ifmon mgoh egro

`iuhtugso hbasfatrgso bmgt pigsjg. Tfigoa oso igjmual joaojuj ygal eomutunhga uatuh 

7=
 

jfjualhoahga pfadgpgoga ygal tfpgt egro egyg gpual rftfaso, proasopayg toalhgt joaojgi
hfhugt
hfhugtga
ga jfalgj
jfalgjmga
mgal
l (@) kulg
kulg eopfriu
eopfriuhga
hga uatuh
uatuh jfakgl
jfakglgg mfatuh
mfatuh sfeogg
sfeogga
a glgr
glgr tft
tftgp
gp
jfalgpual egigj dgorga igjmual hfjueoga eoifpgshga.

Sfayfr
Sfayfrgpg
gpga
a (gmsbr
(gmsbrmso
mso)) bm
bmgt
gt eotfat
eotfatuhg
uhga
a bifn
bifn gatgrg
gatgrg igo
igoa,
a, mfatuh
mfatuh sfeogg
sfeogga
a (tgmift
(tgmift,,

hgpsui gtgu sorup), mgnga pfadgjpur bmgt, dgrg pfjmfroga bmgt. Gmsbrmso bmgt suegn
eojuig
eojuigoo sfkgh
sfkgh eo juiut,
juiut, hfjueo
hfjueoga
ga igjmua
igjmual,
l, usus
usus ngius,
ngius, ega usus
usus mfsgr.
mfsgr. Ugpo
Ugpo tfrkge
tfrkgeoo
tfrutgjg eo usus ngius hgrfag pfrjuhggaayg ygal iugs, ega igposga eoaeoal juhbsgayg
ifmon pfrjfgmfi. Tfigakutayg mobgvgoigmoiotgs jfrupghga kujign ega hfdfpgtga mgnga bmgt
ghto` jgsuh hf egigj pfjmuiun egrgn, ega tfrutgjg eotfatuhga bifn ebsos egro bmgt.
Tftfign bmgt jgsuh egigj sorhuigso egrgn, hfjueoga eoeostromusohga hf egigj kgroalga
tumun.

Eostromuso bmgt oao tfrlgatual pgeg rgtg-rgtg giorga egrgn pgeg brlga tgrlft, jgssg
egro brlga tgrlft, ega hgrghtfrostoh eoaeoal pfjosgn eogatgrg egrgn ega kgroalga. Eo egigj
egrgn bmgt mfrgeg egigj mfatuh mfmgs gtgu tfrohgt efalga hbjpbafa egrgn gimujoa,
liohb-prbtfoa ega iopb-prbtfoa, sfmfiuj jfadgpgo brlga tgrlft.

Ufjpgt utgjg jftgmbiosjf bmgt eo ngto, ega pgeg ujujayg bmgt suegn egigj
 mfatuh toegh ghto` kohg sgjpgo eo ngto, ngayg mfmfrgpg bmgt tftgp egigj mfatuh
mfatuh ghto` sgjpgo
eo ngto. Bmgt-bmgtga eo jftgmbiosjf efalga dgrg bhsoegso, rfeuhso, noerbiosos, noergso,
hbakulgso,
hbakulgso, hbaefasgso
hbaefasgso gtgu osbjfrosgso, ygal tukugaayg
tukugaayg supgyg sosg bmgt juegn eomugal
eomugal
bifn tumun ifwgt uroa ega fjpfeu. Loakgi gegign tfjpgt utgjg fhshrfso/ pfjmugalga
bmgt.
bmgt. Tfegal
Tfegalhga
hga sostfj
sostfj moiiofr
moiiofr jfjmga
jfjmgatu
tu fhshrf
fhshrfso
so uatuh
uatuh bmgt-b
bmgt-bmgt
mgtga
ga ygal
ygal toegh
toegh eo-
gmsbrmso hfjmgio egro sostfj pfadfragga.

Fvgiugso @osohg Hojog ;

  Sfagjpoiga Vjuj

Sfagjpoig
Sfagjp oiga
a ujuj
ujuj sugtu
sugtu tgmift
tgmift,, oefato
oefatotgs,
tgs, vosugi
vosugiayg
ayg sfrtg
sfrtg sfiuru
sfiurun
n ’hffib
’hffibhga
hgaayg
ayg‚‚
sgalgt pfatoal mglo pfafrojgga hbasujfa, mglo pfalbtrbig
pfalbtrbiga
a hfsfrglgjga
hfsfrglgjga gatgrg

74
 

 mgnga sfrtg gatgrg tgmift ygal sgtu efalga ygal igoaayg, sfrtg uatuh jfjgatgu
 pfjmugtga ygal mfmgs hfsgignga.
  Vhurga ega Mfatuh 
Vhurga ega mfatuh tgmift egpgt eotuioshga, eopgatgu, ega eohbatrbi.
  Sfalfagiga Ugaeg-tgaeg
Ugaeg-tgaeg

Sfrusgngga-pfrusgngga `grjgso sfigoa jfjmfro wgrag, kulg sfroal jfjmfro tgaeg-

tgaeg ygal uaoh pgeg tgmift uatuh jfjmgatu pfalfagiga prbeuhayg efalga dfpgt.
  To`gt Brlgabifptos
Mgaygh tgmift jfjghgo wgrag sfmglgo gigt votgi uatuh dfpgt eohfagi sfrtg eotfrojg
hbasujfa.
  Hfhfrgsga ega Hfrfaygnga
Ugmi
Ugmift
ft ng
ngru
russ jfjp
jfjpua
uayg
ygoo hf
hfhu
hugt
gtga
ga gtgu
gtgu hf
hfhf
hfrg
rgsga
sga tfrtf
tfrtfat
atu
u sfrtg
sfrtg mg
mgng
nga
a gt
gtgs
gs
hfrfay
hfrfaygng
gnga
a glgr
glgr egpgt
egpgt mfrtgn
mfrtgnga
ga tfrngeg
tfrngegp
p mfrmgl
mfrmglgo
go luadga
luadgalga
lga jfhgao
jfhgaoh
h pgeg
pgeg sggt
 pfjmugtga, pfalfpghga, ega pfalgpgiga.
pfalgpgiga.
  Hgaeualga Bmgt ega Sfifpgsgaayg
Tfpfrto tfign eokfigshga sfmfiujayg, sfmugn tgmift ygal hugt sfdgrg `osoh egpgt sgkg
toegh jfjmfrohga f`fh ygal eongrgphga.
  Pgrogso Mfrgt
Sgeg tgmift ygal eo efsgoa jfalgaeual sfkujign bmgt eo egigj sfkujign `brjuig,
 mfrgt tgmift ygal eomugt ngrus sfdgrg rutoa eouhur uatuh jfjmgatu jfjgstohga mgnwg
sftogp tgmift jfalgaeual sfkujign bmgt ygal tfpgt.

75
 

MGM OOO
SFJMGNGTGA

To
Tost
stfj
fj pfa
fadf
dfra
ragg
gga
a tfrs
tfrsu
usu
sua
a egro
egro eug hfi
fibj
bjpb
pbh
h brl
rlga
ga..Sfrt
Sfrtgj
gjgg LO Urgd
Urgdtt
(Lgstrb
(Lgstrboat
oatfst
fstoagi
oagi trgdt) ega ygal hfeug
hfeug Gddfsb
Gddfsbry
ry eolfsto
eolfstovf
vf brlgas
brlgas.LO
.LO trgdt
trgdt jfrupg
jfrupghga
hga
sgiurga egro juiut sgjpgo hf gaus. Eog jfadghup rballg juiut, `groals (brb`groals ega
igroalb`groals).Brlga mfrohutayg fsb`glus ega eoohuto bifn igjmual, usus ngius ega usus
 mfsgr.LO trgdt jfrupghga sgiurga ygal sgalgt pgakgal, pgakgalayg mosg jfadgpgo <-? jftfr.
Gddfsbry
Gddfsbry eolfstovf
eolfstovf brlgas
brlgas jfrupghga
jfrupghga Brlga-brlga
Brlga-brlga ygal jfighuhga
jfighuhga prbsfs
prbsfs pfadfragga
pfadfragga
jghgaga agjua muhga jfrupghga mgloga egro sgiurga LO trgdt. Ufreoro egro lolo, ioegn,
hfifak
hfifakgr
gr sgiovg
sgiovg,, ngto,
ngto, hgatua
hgatual
l fjpfeu
fjpfeu,, ega pgahrf
pgahrfgs.
gs. Brlga-
Brlga-brl
brlga
ga sfigoa
sfigoa lolo
lolo ega ioegn
ioegn
 mfr`ualso uatuh jfasfhrfso gtgu jfayojpga dgorga-dgorga ygal jfjmgatu prbsfs
 pfadfragga igiu dgorga oao eohoroj hf LO trgdt jfigiuo eudtus uatuh jfjmgatu prbsfs
 pfadfragga.

Juiut jfalgaeual sfkujign gor iour mfrhosgr 3,6-7 iotfr pfr ngro efalga hfgsgjga
gatgrg 0,<-<. Egrgn vfag egro juiut jfauku hf kgatual hfjueoga hf brlga-brlga tumun
igoaayg, hfjueoga hf ngto. Pgshuigrosgso lftgn mfaoal mfrgsgi egro sfjug mgloga juiut,
 pfjmuiun jfadgpgo ioj`babeuio ygal tfrsfmgr, sfnoallg egpgt jfjmgatu gmsbrms ega
eostromuso zgt ghto` tfrtfatu. Juiut mfr`ualso uatuh jfaluaygn jghgaga jfakgeo ifmon ngius
glgr juegn eodfrag. Eo egigjayg tfregpgt brlga-brlga pfifalhgp, ygotu ioegn, lolo, ega
hfifakgr iuegn.

Fsb`glus gegign sgiurga ygal jfalnumualhga juiut efalga igjmual. Tgiurga oao
jfrupghga kgiga mglo jghgaga ygal tfign eohuaygn egro juiut jfauku prbsfs pfadfragga
sfigakutayg eo egigj igjmual ygal mfrupg tgmual ygal mfrbtbt pgakgalayg sfhotgr =6 djega
eogjftfrayg = dj eojuigo egro mfighgal rballg juiut sgjpgo hf igjmual ygal eomgtgso bifn
dgreog igjmual ega spnoadtfr
ega spnoadtfr pngroalbbfsbpnglog ygal jfjmuhg pgeg sggt jfafiga sfigjg
3,6-7 eftoh. Eogioro bifn grtfrog fsbpnglus ega pfjmuiun mgioh vfag pbrtg, mgloga supfrobr 
eogioro bifn systfj vfag dgvg supfrobr.
Igjmual
Igjmual gegign sfmugn pfjmfsgrga
pfjmfsgrga egro sgiurga
sgiurga lgstrboatf
lgstrboatfstoagiy
stoagiygal
gal mfatuhayg
mfatuhayg
sfpfrt
sfpfrtoo nuru`
nuru` K. Igjmua
Igjmual
l jfrupg
jfrupghga
hga brlga
brlga ygal
ygal jfalnu
jfalnumua
mualhg
lhga
a gatgrg
gatgrg fsb`gl
fsb`glus
us ega

eu
eube
befa
fauj
uj eg
egro
ro us
usus
us ng
ngiu
ius.
s.Eu
Eube
befa
fauj
uj jfru
jfrupg
pghg
hga
a mg
mglo
loga
ga pf
pfrtg
rtgjg
jg eg
egro
ro sgiur
sgiurga
ga us
usus
us
ngius.Brlga igjmual mfr`ualso uatuh jfadgjpurhga jghgaga efalga fazoj ega dgorga

76
 

 pfadfragga.@ualso igjmual sfmglgo wgegn pfayojpgaga jghgaga.Hfdfpgtga usus hotg

jfadfrag ega jfalgmsbrpso jghgaga iujgyga igjmgt, eosoaoign pfrga igjmual mfr`ualso
sfmglgo tfjpgt eotgngaayg jghgaga sfmfiuj jgsuh hf usus ngius.

Vsus hfdoi jfrupghga tfjpgt eojgag sfmgloga mfsgr pfadfragga ega pfayfrgpga
 mfrigalsual.Eoaeoal usus hfdoi jfayfrgp autroso hf giorga egrgn ega eohorojhga hf sfiurun
tumun.
tumun.Sge
Sgegg usus
usus hfdoi,
hfdoi, dnyjf
dnyjf mfrlfr
mfrlfrgh
gh ifmon
ifmon igjmgt
igjmgt ygal
ygal jfjual
jfjualhoa
hoahga
hga wghtu
wghtu uatuh 
uatuh 
 pfadfragga ega pfayfrgpga sfdgrg hfsfiurunga.Eohgrfaghga bifn hbatrghso sfljfatgso egro
btbt-btbt
btbt-btbt eo eoaeoal usus.Hbatrghso
usus.Hbatrghso sfljfatgso
sfljfatgso jfallfrghga
jfallfrghga dnyjf hf eug grgn.Ngi oao
jfjualhoahga pfadgjpurga ifmon mgoh iglo efalga dgorga pfadfragga ega wghtu hbatgh 
ygal ifmon igjg efalga eoaeoal usus.

Vsus mfsgr jfalumgn sosg jghgaga ygal eodfrag jfakgeo hbtbrga.Mghtfro usus mfsgr,
ygal eohfagi sfmglgo `ibrg usus, egpgt jfjfdgn zgt egigj dnyjf ygal toegh egpgt eodfrag
bifn sostfj pfadfragga jgausog.@frjfatgso mghtfro oao jfalngsoihga mfrmglgo votgjoa ygal

eosfrgp jfigiuo eoaeoal usus.@fsfs hfjueoga eosojpga sgjpgo mosg eoebrbal hfiugr egro
tumun sggt mugal gor mfsgr.

Tftfign bmgt jgsuh hf egigj tumun (mgloga igjmual)bmgt toegh igalsual jfakgeo
igrutga bmgt. Tostfj pfalngatgrga bmgt `ibgtoal swfiioal moig tfrhfag dgorga igjmual sftfign
 pfjmfroga brgi jghg ghga jfjpfrtgngahga tfhgaga ygal ifmon rfaegn egro igjmual, sftfign
otu geg uegrg ygal tfrsojpga pgeg pfalfjmgalga pbiojfr ygal ghga jfjmfrohga egyg
jfalgpual pgeg sfeogga eo egigj igjmual, sftfign sfeogga jfalgpual eoigjmual ghga
tfrkgeo prbsfs pfifpgsga ega pfigrutga egro sfeogga bmgt tfrsfmut igiu zgt ghto` ghga mfreo`uso
hfiugr egro sfeogga, sfigakutayg tgmift ghga jfafjpfi pgeg jfjmrgaf juhbsg igjmual,

sfnoallg bmgt tfrsfmut ghga eotgnga eo igjmual, ega jgsuh hfegigj pyibrus ega tfrus igiu hf
usus. Tfeogga bmgt egpgt tfrohgt pgeg pfrjuhgga sfi fpotfi igjmual gtgu juhbsg sfnoallg,
jfayfmgmhga wghtu toallgi bmgt ifmon igjg eotfjpgt gmsbrmso.

Tggt bmgt suegn tfrtgnga eo igjmual ega suegn tfrigrut ghga eo gmsbrmso hf pfjmuiun
eg
egrgn
rgnua
uatu
tuh
h jfad
jfadgp
gpgo
go so
sorh
rhui
uigso
gso sostf
sostfjo
joh
h yg
ygal
al pf
pfrt
rtgj
gjgg hg
hgio
io if
ifwg
wgtt eg
egro
ro iu
iujf
jfa
a sgiur
sgiurga
ga
 pfadfragga hf egigj sostfj pbrtgi pgeebdh.Tostfj oao tfreoro egro kgroalga hgpoifr ygal
jfalfioioalo brlga sgiurga pfadfragga sfpfrto igjmual, usus ngius, ega vfag pbrtgi nfpgtoh 
ygal
ygal jfjmgw
jfjmgwgg mgnga
mgnga pfayfr
pfayfrgp
gp gtgu
gtgu gmsbrm
gmsbrmso
so jfauku
jfauku ngto.T
ngto.Tftfi
ftfign
gn jfifwg
jfifwgto
to ngto,
ngto, bmgt
bmgt
ghnorayg jfadgpgo sorhuigso sostfjoh gtgu ygal egpgt eoeostromusohga hf sfiurun tumun uatuh 

70
 

jfadgp
jfadgpgo
go rfsfptb
rfsfptbrr ygal
ygal ghnora
ghnorayg
yg mfrohg
mfrohgtga
tga efalga
efalga rfsfptb
rfsfptbrr ega jfjmfr
jfjmfrohg
ohga
a f`fh ygal
ygal
eooaloahga.

Tfeogg
Tfeogga
a ygal
ygal jfallu
jfalluagh
aghga
ga sostfj
sostfj pfalng
pfalngatg
atgrga
rga ygal
ygal eotgng
eotgnga
a eo igjmua
igjmual
l egpgt
egpgt
 mfrupg lrgaui, pfiift, lrgaui ygal eosgiut, spgasui, hgpsui, tgmift, tgmift sgiut, ega igoa-igoa.
Mfatuh ygal sfroal eotfjuo gegign mfrupg hgpsui ygal jfalgaeual lrgaui/lrgaui sgiut,
 pfiift, gtgu johrbhgpsui.

Tostfj pfalngatgrga bmgt ygal eotgnga eo igjmual gtgu  lgstrbrftfatovf erul efiovfry
 systfjs (L]EET) gegign sugtu sostfj pfalngatgrga bmgt eojgag pfifpgsga bmgt tfrkgeo eo
igjm
igjmua
ual
l eg
egig
igj
j kgal
kgalhg
hg wght
wghtu
u yg
ygal
al ifmo
ifmon
n igjg
igjg sfdgr
sfdgrgg tf
tfrh
rhba
batr
trbi
bi ua
uatu
tuh
h jfae
jfaegp
gpgt
gthg
hga
a
 mobgvgoigmoiotgs ygal bptojgi.

Tostfj Sfalorojga Bmgt Ufrgpual (@ibgtoal Erul Efiovfry Tystfj / @EET) jfjoioho
jgssg
jgssg kfao
kfaoss yg
ygal
al ifmon
ifmon rfaeg
rfaegn
n eg
egrop
ropge
gegg dgorg
dgorga
a ig
igjm
jmua
ual
l eg
ega
a ef
efal
alga
ga ef
efjo
joho
hoga
ga tf
tftgp
tgp
jfal
jfalgp
gpua
ual
l eo igjm
igjmua
ual
l ua
uatu
tuh
h kgal
kgalhg
hg wghtu
wghtu yg
ygal
al ig
igjg
jg,, tg
tgap
apgg jfjp
jfjpfa
falg
lgru
runo
no ig
igku
ku

 pfalbsbalga igjmual. Tggt sostfj jfalgpual pgeg oso igjmual, bmgt eoifpgshga pfrignga
 pgeg hfdfpgtga ygal eooaloahga egro sostfj.Tftfign bmgt eoifpgshga, sostfj sosg eohbsbalhga
egro pfrut.Ngi oao jfalngsoihga pfaoalhgtga L]U (\ghtu ]ftfaso Igjmual) ega hbatrbi
`iuhtugso hbasfatrgso bmgt egigj pigsjg ygal ifmon mgoh.

Tostfj oao eomugt efalga mgnga pfjmfatuh lfi jfalluaghga jgtrohs ygal jfjoioho
egyg pfalfjmgal toallo sfpfrto sfiuibsg, ega mfmfrgpg kfaos noerbhbiboe ygal kohg tfrhfag
efalga dgorga igjmual jghg ghga jfalfjmgal, sfpfrto pbiosghgroeg ega pbiojfr. Tostfj
efalga lfi pfjmfatuh noerbhbiboe oao gpgmoig mfrhfagga igalsual efalga dgorga igjmual
sftfign pfjmfroga
pfjmfroga jfigiuo rutf brgi jghg ghga jfjpfrtgngahga
jfjpfrtgngahga tfhgaga ygal ifmon rfaegn
eg
egro
ro igjm
igjmua
ual,
l, sftfi
sftfign
gn otu
otu ue
uegr
grgg yg
ygal
al tfrsoj
tfrsojpg
pga
a pg
pgeg
eg pf
pfal
alfj
fjmg
mgal
alga
ga pb
pbio
iojf
jfrr gh
ghga
ga
jfjmfrohga egyg jfalgpual pgeg sfeogga eo egigj igjmual.

Tostfj pfalngatgrga
pfalngatgrga bmgt jfalfjmgal
jfalfjmgal eohfagi efalga ostoign  swfiioal systfj 
systfj  gtgu
fxpgaeoal
fxpgaeoal systfj.Mfa
systfj.Mfatuh
tuh sfeogga
sfeogga oao jfakge
jfakgeoo ifmon
ifmon mfsgr
mfsgr egro
egro uhurga
uhurga hifp
hifp poibro
poibroh
h ygal
ygal
tfrmuhg ega eotgnga eo igjmual.Hfifjgnga egro sostfj oao gegign efalga gegayg pfagngaga
 pfrjgafa egro uhurga mfatuh sfeogga ebsos tuallgi ygal hghu ega mfsgr egpgt jfayfmgmhga
bmstruhso usus, genfso usus, ega lgstrbpigsto.

@ghtbr hfdfpgtga jfalfjmgal ega hfmfrgegga eo igjmual jfrupghga pgrgjftfr 

 pfatoal.Oatflrotgs sostfj kulgpfatoal uatuh jfadflgn tfrkgeoayg eosoatflrgso sostfj ega

7<
 

jfag
jfagng
nga
a gl
glgr
gr tftg
tftgp
p mfrg
mfrgeg
eg eo igjm
igjmua
ual
l kohg
kohg ge
gegg hf
hfhu
hugt
gtga
ga lf
lfib
ibjm
jmga
gal
l pf
pfrl
rlfr
frgh
ghga
ga
igjmual.To
igjmual.Tostfj
stfj oao jfjmfsgr
jfjmfsgr ega dfaefrual jfayujmgt
jfayujmgt poibroh
poibroh kohg eogjftfrayg
eogjftfrayg ifmon
 mfsgr 7=-7> jj. Tfeogga eorgadgal uatuh eotgngj eo igjmual ega jfalngatgrhga bmgt hf
juiut igjmual. Jgtrohs pbiojfr eotgnga eo juiut igjmual mfmfrgpg kgj pgeg sggt pugsg.
Hfsfojmgalga gatgrg hfmfrgegga ega eurgso jfalfjmgal eopfrtgngahga bifn efrgkgt ohgtga

sgjmual
sgjmual soigal
soigal gatgrg
gatgrg rgatgo
rgatgo pbioj
pbiojfr.
fr.Efr
Efrgkgt
gkgt ohgtga
ohgtga sgjmua
sgjmual l soigal
soigal jfjpfr
jfjpfrtgn
tgngah
gahga
ga
hf
hfjg
jgjp
jpug
uga
a jfal
jfalfj
fjmg
mgal
al sostf
sostfj
j yg
ygal
al eotgn
eotgnga
ga sfdgr
sfdgrgg spfso
spfso`o
`oh
h egegigj
igj pf
pfro
robe
beff yg
ygal
al
igjg.Hba`olurgso ygal eopfriuhga uatuh jfalfjmgalhga sugtu sostfj jfalfjmgal glgr 
egpgt
egpgt jfjpfr
jfjpfrpga
pgakga
kgal
l wghtu
wghtu toallg
toallgii eo igjmua
igjmual
l gegign
gegign mfruh
mfruhurg
urga
a hfdoi
hfdoi sfnoal
sfnoallg
lg egpgt
egpgt
eomfro
eomfrohga
hga pfrbrg
pfrbrgi,
i, jfjoioh
jfjoiohoo mfatuh
mfatuh ghnor
ghnor ygal
ygal hfdoi
hfdoi sfnoal
sfnoallg
lg egpgt
egpgt eohfiu
eohfiugrh
grhga
ga sftfign
sftfign
tfrkgeo pfifpgsga bmgt.

Sfagngaga eo igjmual eodgpgo efalga hbjmoagso eojfaso hfhghuga mfatuh sfeogga

uatuh
uatuh tft
tftgp
gp mfrtgn
mfrtgnga
ga egro
egro lfrghg
lfrghga
a pfrost
pfrostgit
gitoh
oh ega hbatrg
hbatrghso
hso igjmua
igjmual.T
l.Tostf
ostfj
j ygal
ygal toegh 
toegh 
 mfriopgt eomugt egro pbiojfr mobeflrgegmif.
mobeflrgegmif.Tostfj
Tostfj egpgt eomugt egigj mfrmglgo
mfrmglgo mfatuh ygal
 mfrmfeg sfpfrto tftrgnfergi, doadoa gtgu jfjmrga pigagr (5-igmfi gtgu mfatuh 5 iojmfe drbss
 `brj)) egro pbiojf
 `brj pbiojfrr mobeflrgegmif
mobeflrgegmifygal
ygal eohbjprfso egigj hgpsui.Tostfj jfalfjmgal kulg
egpgt eotgnga eo sgiurga lgstrboatfstoagi (LOU) efalga so`gt jfhgaoh.Jfalfjmgal mogsgayg
ngsoi
ngsoi egro
egro gmsbrp
gmsbrpso
so bsjbso
bsjbsoss gor ega mfatuh
mfatuh sfeogga
sfeogga ygal hfdoi
hfdoi jfafjm
jfafjmgal
gal bifn
bifn dgorga
dgorga
igjmual.

Tftfign mfrgeg eo sorhuigso egrgn, sftogp bmgt ghga eoeostromusohga hf sfiurun tumun.
ygotu bmgt ghga mfrpoaegn egro sorhuigso sostfjoh hf sugtu tfjpgt eog mfhfrkg efalga kujign
 prbpbrsobagi.Bmgt ghga mfrf`fh kohg egigj hfggega mfmgs gtgu toegh tfrohgt . Bmgt egigj

sorhuigso egrgn geg ygal mfrohgtga efalga rfsfptbr, prbtfoa pigsjg sfpfrto gimujoa, gi`g
liohoprbtfoa ega iopbprbtfoa. Tfjghoa mgaygh g`oaotgs bmgt mfrohgtga efalga prbtfoa pigsjg
gtgu wghtu pgrun bmgt sfjghoa mfsgr (f`fh bmgt ghga sfjghoa pgakgal) ega gpgmoig sfeohot
bmgt tfrohgt efalga prbtfoa pigsjg, bmgt tfrsfmut f`fhayg ghga ifmon dfpgt noigal (wghtu
 pgrun bmgt ifmon hfdoi).

Jftgm
Jftgmbi
bios
osjf
jf pg
pgeg
eg bm
bmgt
gt eoju
eojuig
igoo eg
egro
ro sg
sggt
gt bm
bmgt
gt jgsu
jgsuh
h hf
hfeg
egig
igj
j tu
tumu
mun
n ( sg
sgiu
iurga
rga
 pfadfragga) ega eongto sfmfiuj jgsuh hf sorhuigso sostfjoh ( f`fh ioatgs pfrtgjg). Eo sgiurga
 pfadfragga geg fazoj ygal jfjftgmbiojsf bmgt hfjueoga sftfign bmgt jfifwgto usus ghga
eomgwg hf vfag pbtgi uatuh jfauku hf ngto,eo ngto bmgt ghga jfifwgto prbsfs jftgmbiojf

sfsugo kfaos bmgt, igiu bmgt ghga eomgwg hf sorhuigso sostfjoh ega jfjmfrohga f`fh. Egro

7>
 

sorhuigso sostfjoh bmgt ghga hfjmgio iglo hf ngto ega hgegr bmgt ghga mfrhurgal. Egro ngto
igiu hf sfiurun tumun ega hfjmgio iglo hf ngto ega hgegr bmgt jfakgeo ifmon sfeohot,tfrus
jfafrus jfifwgto `gsf oao sgjpgo hgegr bmgt ngmos.

Fhsrfso gtgu pfjmugalga

pfjmugalga sosg bmgt egro tumun. Tfmgloga mfsgr sosg bmgt eomugal egro
tumun
tumun bifn loakgi ega uroa. Fhsrfso
Fhsrfso bmgt pfrbrgi egpgt tfrkgeo mfrupg bmgt efalga zgt ghto` 
jgupua egigj mfatuh ngsoi jftgmbiotayg. Fhshrfso bmgt jfigiuo loakgi ngrus jfifwgto `oitrgso
igiu sfhrfso tumuigr, ega rfgmsbrmso.Fhshrfso kulg egpgt jfifiguo nfpgr, pgru pgru, huiot. Moig
bmgtt ygal
bmg ygal eo fhsrfso
fhsrfsohga
hga jfigiu
jfigiuoo nfpgr
nfpgr ghga
ghga jfalgi
jfalgigjo
gjo rfgmsb
rfgmsbrms
rmsoo hfjmgi
hfjmgioo hftohg
hftohg bmgt
bmgt
jfifwgto usus ngius ygal eosfmut efalga fatfrb nfpgtoh ega ghga jfjpuaygo eurgso f`fh 
bmgt ygal duhup igjg ega pgakgal sfhgio.

7?
 

MGM OP
SFAVUVS

5.7 Hfsojpuiga
Hfsojpuiga

7. Tgiu
Tgiurg
rga
a pfad
pfadfr
frag
agga
ga pfrt
pfrtgj
gjgg hgio
gio tfrk
tfrkge
geoo eo jui
uiu
ut yga
gal
l jfi
fiom
omgt
gthg
hga
a prbsf
rbsfss
 pfaluaygnga ega pfalngiusga jghgaga. Igiu fsbpnglus ygal jfrupghga kgiga mglo
jghgaga ygal tfign ngius egro juiut jfauku prbsfs pfadfragga sfigakutayg eo egigj
igjmua
igjmual.
l. Igjmua
Igjmual,
l, mfr`ua
mfr`ualso
lso uatuh
uatuh tfjpgt
tfjpgt eotgng
eotgngayg
ayg jghgag
jghgaga
a sfmfiu
sfmfiuj
j jgsuh 
jgsuh 
hf
hfeg
egig
igj
j us
usus
us ng
ngiu
ius.
s. Vsus
Vsus ng
ngiu
iuss mf
mfr`u
r`ual
also
so ua
uatu
tuh
h jfjg
jfjghs
hsoj
ojgi
gihg
hga
a pf
pfad
adfra
fragg
gga
a
jghg
jghgag
aga
a eg
ega
a pf
pfay
ayfrg
frgpg
pga
a zg
zgtt lozo
lozo.. Vsus
Vsus mf
mfsg
sgrr jfjo
jfjoio
ioho
ho `u
`ual
also
so ut
utgj
gjgg ua
uatu
tuh 
h 
jfjmugal gor ega joafrgi fifhtrbiot egro gjpgs jghgaga ygal toegh tfrdfrag, igiu
jfjmfatuh iojmgn pgegt ygal egpgt eohfiugrhga.
=. Tggt bmgt suegn
suegn tfrtgnga
tfrtgnga eo igjmual
igjmual ega
ega suegn tfrigrut
tfrigrut ghga
ghga eo gmsbrmso
gmsbrmso hf pfjmuiun
pfjmuiun
egrgnuatuh jfadgpgo sorhuigso sostfjoh ygal pfrtgjg hgio ifwgt egro iujfa sgiurga
 pfadfragga hf egigj sostfj pbrtgi pgeebdh.
4. Mfatuh
Mfatuh sfeogg
sfeogga
a oao jfakgeo
jfakgeo ifmon
ifmon mfsgr egro uhurga
uhurga hifp poibr
poibroh
oh ygal tfrmuh
tfrmuhgg ega
eotgnga eo igjmual. Tostfj oao eomugt efalga mgnga pfjmfatuh lfi jfalluaghga
jgtrohs ygal jfjoioho egyg pfalfjmgal toallo sfpfrto sfiuibsg, ega mfmfrgpg kfaos
noerbh
noerbhbib
biboe
oe ygal
ygal kohg
kohg tfrhfag
tfrhfag efalga
efalga dgorga
dgorga igjmua
igjmual
l jghg
jghg ghga
ghga jfalfj
jfalfjmga
mgal,
l,
sfpfrto
sfpfrto pbiosg
pbiosghgr
hgroeg
oeg ega pbiojf
pbiojfr.
r. Tostfj
Tostfj efalga
efalga lfi pfjmfa
pfjmfatuh
tuh noerbh
noerbhbib
biboe
oe oao
gpgmoig mfrhfagga igalsual efalga dgorga igjmual sftfign pfjmfroga jfigiuo rutf
brgi jghg ghga jfjpfrtgngahga tfhgaga ygal ifmon rfaegn egro igjmual, sftfign otu
uegr
uegrgg ygal
ygal tfrs
tfrsoj
ojpg
pga
a pgeg
pgeg pfal
pfalfj
fjmg
mgal
alga
ga pb
pbio
iojf
jfrr gh
ghga
ga jfjm
jfjmfr
froh
ohga
ga eg
egyg
yg
jfalgpual pgeg sfeogga eo egigj igjmual.
5. Srbsfs
Srbsfs pfifpgsga
pfifpgsga ega pfigru
pfigrutga
tga sfeogga
sfeogga lgstrb
lgstrbrft
rftfato
fatovf
vf `ibgtoa
`ibgtoal
l swffio
swffioal
al mfrmfe
mfrmfegg
efalga sfeogga hbavfsobagi. Tfeogga hbavfsobagi ghga igalsual eoifpgs egro sfeogga
ega jfalgigjo prbsfs pfigrutga. Tfegalhga lgstrbrftfatovf `ibgtoal systfj gegign
sfeogga ygal tfrtgnga eoigjmual efalga sostfj jfalfjmgal.
6. Fvgiug
Fvgiugso
so mob`grj
mob`grjgsft
gsftoh
oh sfeogga
sfeogga lgstrb
lgstrbrftf
rftfato
atovf
vf ( fvgiug
fvgiugso
so pfrkgiga
pfrkgigaga
ga bmgt eoegi
eoegigj
gj
tumun ygotu jfigiuo prbsfs jftgmbiosj
jftgmbiosj gmsbrmso,eostromuso bmgt ega prbsfs fhsrfso.

=3
 

5.= Tgrga
Tostf
Tostfj
j pf
pfal
alng
ngat
atgrg
grga
a bm
bmgt
gt yg
ygal
al eotg
eotgng
nga
a eo igjm
igjmua
ual
l gtgu
gtgu  lgstrbrftfatovf erul efiovfry
 systfjs (L]EET) gegign sugtu sostfj pfalngatgrga bmgt eojgag pfifpgsga bmgt tfrkgeo eo
igjm
igjmua
ual
l eg
egig
igj
j kgal
kgalhg
hg wght
wghtu
u yg
ygal
al ifmo
ifmon
n igjg
igjg sfdgr
sfdgrgg tf
tfrh
rhba
batr
trbi
bi ua
uatu
tuh
h jfae
jfaegp
gpgt
gthg
hga
a
 mobgvgoigmoiotgs ygal bptojgi. Tfeogga ygal jfalluaghga sostfj pfalngatgrga ygal eotgnga

eo igjmual egpgt mfrupg lrgaui, pfiift, lrgaui ygal eosgiut, spgasui, hgpsui, tgmift, tgmift
sgiut, ega igoa-igoa. Eongrgphga pfayusuaga jghgign oao egpgt eoigakuthga jfakgeo jghgign
ygal ifmon oa`brjgto` ega ifmon ifalhgp iglo.

=7
 

EG@UG] SVTUGHG

7. Gasfi ft gi,7???. Sngrjgdfutodgi ebsglf `rbrj gae erul efiovfry systfj,< fe.
Iopooadbt \oiiogj gae woihoas VTG.=55-=0>.
=. Hgusfr @gtfjg, T.].Tngno, ehh. =370. Lgstrbrftfatovf erul efiovfry systfj; ga
bvfrvofw. Oaeog ; Gsoga Sgd. K. Nfgitn Tdo., =3708 4 (5);747-755
4. _oal-
_oal-Dnfa
Dnfa Dnfa7, Nsou-B
Nsou-B Nb7, ehh. =376.
=376. Twfiioal/@
Twfiioal/@ibgtoa
ibgtoal
l Dgpgmoioty
Dgpgmoioty gae
Erul ]fifgsf Dngrgdtfrozgtobas b` Lgstrbrftfatovf Erul Efiovfry Tystfj Mgsfe
ba g Dbjmoa
Dbjmoagto
gtoba
ba b` Nyerbx
Nyerbxyft
yftny
nyii Dfiiui
Dfiiuibsf
bsf gae Tbeou
Tbeouj
j Dgrmbx
Dgrmbxyjf
yjftny
tnyii
Dfiiuibsf. Ugowga ; Sibs Baf. Kgaugry =376
5. Gmsbrmso =, Eostromuso ega Jftgmbiosjf | nttps;//ybutu.mf/awjtN]6tqsO 
6. Mobgvgoigmoioty gae @orst Sgss Jftgmbiosj | nttps;//ybutu.mf/MWWas<]GVzG
0. Fhsrfso
fso Bmgt egig
gigj Uumun-Jg
-Jgtfr
froo Huiogn @grjghbiblo @grjgso |
nttps;//ybutu.mf/sV6D-3u`[>F 
nttps;//ybutu.mf/>`?0PK]yF0h 
<. Jfjmrga Sigsjg; Srbtfoa Jfjmrga | Oiju Mobjfeoh Egsgr | Mrgoay Sgaeg |
>. Srbsfs GEJF (Gmsbrpso, Eostromuso, Jftgmbiosjf, Fhshrfso) |
nttps;//ybutu.mf/RIfb<5FmLMd
?. Tostf
stfj Sfadf
dfrragg
gga
a Sgrt 7 | Oiju Mobjfeoh Egsgr | Mrgo
goa
ay Sgaeg|
nttps;//ybutu.mf/k7PDOM`d`VJ 

==
 

=4