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Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device that can both amplify and switch electronic signals. It has three terminals that allow it to connect to external circuits. Applying a voltage or current to one pair of terminals changes the current flowing through another pair, allowing the transistor to amplify signals. There are two main types of transistors - bipolar junction transistors that use both electrons and holes as charge carriers, and field-effect transistors that use only one type of charge carrier and are controlled by an electric field. Transistors are fundamental building blocks of modern electronics and are ubiquitous in devices like computers, phones, and radios.

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52 views1 page

Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device that can both amplify and switch electronic signals. It has three terminals that allow it to connect to external circuits. Applying a voltage or current to one pair of terminals changes the current flowing through another pair, allowing the transistor to amplify signals. There are two main types of transistors - bipolar junction transistors that use both electrons and holes as charge carriers, and field-effect transistors that use only one type of charge carrier and are controlled by an electric field. Transistors are fundamental building blocks of modern electronics and are ubiquitous in devices like computers, phones, and radios.

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Xha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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tran·sis·tor- semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to

rectification.

 A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical
power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit.
 A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through
another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling
(input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but
many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
 The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is ubiquitous in
modern electronic systems. Following its development in 1947 by American physicists John Bardeen,
Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and
paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The
transistor is on the list of IEEE milestones in electronics, and the inventors were jointly awarded the
1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.

Types

 Bipolar junction transistor


 A bipolar junction transistor (bipolar transistor or BJT) is a type of transistor
that uses both electron and hole charge carriers. In contrast, unipolar transistors, such
as field-effect transistors, only use one kind of charge carrier. For their operation,
BJTs use two junctions between two semiconductor types, n-type and p-type.
 BJTs are manufactured in two types, NPN and PNP, and are available as individual
components, or fabricated in integrated circuits, often in large numbers. The basic
function of a BJT is to amplify current. This allows BJTs to be used as amplifiers
or switches, giving them wide applicability in electronic equipment, including,
computers, televisions, mobile phones, audio amplifiers, industrial control, and
radio transmitters.

Field-effect transistor
 The field-effect transistor (FET) is a transistor that uses an electric field to control the shape
and hence the electrical conductivity of a channel of one type of charge carrier in a
semiconductor material. FETs are also known as unipolar transistors as they involve
single-carrier-type operation. The FET has several forms, but all have high input impedance.
While the conductivity of a non-FET transistor is regulated by the input current (the emitter to
base current) and so has a low input impedance, a FET's conductivity is regulated by a
voltage applied to a terminal (the gate) which is insulated from the device. The applied gate
voltage imposes an electric field into the device, which in turn attracts or repels charge
carriers to or from the region between a source terminal and a drain terminal. The density of
charge carriers in turn influences the conductivity between the source and drain.

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