Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Division of City of San Fernando

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN GRADE 9 MATHEMATICS WEEK 2

I. OBJECTIVES (Layunin)
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of quadratic equations, inequalities and
functions, and rational algebraic equations.
B. Performance Standard
Is able to investigate thoroughly mathematical relationships in various situations, formulate real-life
problems involving quadratic equations, inequalities and functions, and rational algebraic equations
and solve them using a variety of strategies.
C. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
The learner

1. Characterizes the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant. (M9AL-Ic-1)

2. Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation.
(M9AL-Ic-2)
3. Solves equations transformable to quadratic equations (including rational algebraic
equations).( M9AL-Ic-d-1)
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. determine the discriminant,
2. describe the roots of quadratic equation using discriminant,
3. solve for the sum and product of the roots.
4. transform equation into quadratic equation

II.CONTENT(Nilalaman)
Quadratic Equation
III.LEARNING RESOURCES(KagamitangPanturo)
A. Reference
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials pages P. 56 - 82
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional materials from Learning Resource (LR) portal
B. Other Learning Resources
Next Century Mathematics pg.72-86

IV.PROCEDURE (Pamamaraan)

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson ( Balik-aral sa nakaraang aralin at/o pagsisimula ng
bagong aralin)

How are you?

Continue to study hard okay?

Before we start our new lesson let’s review are previous lesson.

In our previous lesson we define quadratic equation, which is a x 2+ bx+ c=0 where a, b and c represent real
numbers and a ≠ 0.

Example of quadratic equation.

2x2 + 5x – 75 = 0 In this equation the value of a = 2, b = 5 and c = -7.

x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 As you notice the value of a is not present. In this case its value is 1. Then the
value of b = 6 and c = 9

x2 – 25 = 0 In this example you notice that there is no linear term which is bx in quadratic
equation. so the value of a = 1, b = 0, and c = -25.

x2 + x = 4 This equation is not in standard form before we identify the values of a, b and c it
should be written in standard form.

x 2+ x=4 by adding – 4 both sides of the equation

x 2+ x+ (−4 )=4 +(−4) the equation becomes equal to 0 which makes it a quadratic equation in standard
 x 2+ x−4=0 form. And the value of a = 1, b = 1 and c = -4.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson (Paghahabi sa layunin ng aralin)

Are you a fan of magic and trivia? Let me share one of tricks that you use to friends once the quarantine is done.
(You can us a calculator if you are having a hard time in coping with the instructions)

Steps Instruction Answer

1 Pick any number that you like
2 Then add 4 to your number
3 Then double your answer in Step 2
4 Then subtract 6 in your answer in Step 3
5 Next , divide your answer in Step 4 by 2
6 Finally, subtract your answer in Step 5 by your original number in
Step 1

Your answer is 1

This magic is just basic mathematics using an equation. You can try this again and pick any other number
that you like and you get the same answer which one.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson (Pag-uugnay ng mga halimbawa sa bagong aralin)
Let’s start the new lesson.
The Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equations
The roots of the quadratic equation a x 2+ bx+ c=0,roots are solved using the quadratic formula

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a
The expression b 2−4 ac is called discriminant. The discriminant provides information regarding the nature of the
roots of the quadratic equation.

If a, b, and c are real number, D=b2−4 ac , then the roots of quadratic equation a x 2+ bx+ c=0 are:

I. If D is zero, (D = 0), then the roots are real numbers and are equal
II. If D is greater zero, and perfect square (D > 0), then the roots are rational numbers but not equal
III. If D is greater zero, and not perfect square (D > 0), then the roots are irrational numbers but not equal
IV. If D is less than zero, (D < 0), then the equation has no real roots

Now let’s try describing the roots of a quadratic equation.

Example 1. Given 2 x2 =−12 x−18

Steps Instruction

2 x2 =−12 x−18 This equation illustrates a quadratic equation

but not in standard form since it is not equal to 0.
(a x 2+ bx+ c=0 ¿
2 x2 +12 x+18=−12 x+12 x−18+18 However, by adding 12x and 18 to both sides, the equation
becomes equal to 0 which makes it a quadratic equation in
standard form
2 x2 +12 x+18=0 After transforming the quadratic equation into its standard form,
a = 2 , b = 12 and c = 8 you should identify the values of a, b, and c

D=b2−4 ac Substitute the value of a, b, and c to the formula for

discriminant
D=122 −4 (2)( 8) Then, evaluate the given equation.
D=144−4(16)
D=144−64
D=80
D=80 After solving for the discriminant, you have to describe it, using
your guide.

Since the value of D=80, which is greater than zero and not a perfect square
 Therefore the roots of the equations are irrational numbers but not equal

Example 2. Given −x 2+ 7 x=−10

Steps Instruction

−x 2−7 x=10 This equation illustrates a quadratic equation

but not in standard form since it is not equal to 0. (
a x 2+ bx+ c=0 ¿
−x 2−7 x + (−10 )=10+(−10) However, by adding -10 to both sides, the equation becomes
equal to 0 which makes it a quadratic equation in standard form
−x 2−7 x−10=0 Notice that the value of a is negative (−x 2 ¿ .
−1(−x ¿¿ 2−7 x−10)= ( 0 )−1 ¿ To remove the negative we multiply both sides by -1 to make
the a a real number
x 2+ 7 x +10=0 After transforming the quadratic equation into it’s standard
a = 1 , b = 7 and c = 10 form, you should identify the value of a, b, and c

D=b2−4 ac Substitute the value of a, b, and c to the formula for

discriminant
D=7 2−4(1)(10) Then, evaluate the given equation.
D=49−4 0
D=9
D=¿9 After solving for the discriminant, you have to describe it, using
your guide.

Since the value of D=9, which is greater than zero and n a perfect square

Therefore the roots of the equations are rational numbers but not equal

Steps Instruction

x 2−6 x +9=0 Since the given is already in standard form , you

a = 1 , b = -6 and c = 9 should identify the value of a, b, and c
D=b2−4 ac Substitute the value of a, b, and c to the formula for
discriminant
D=(−6)2−4(1)(9) Then, evaluate the given equation.
D=36−36
D=0
D=¿0 After solving for the discriminant, you have to describe
it, using your guide.

Since the value of D=0, which is equal to zero

Therefore the roots of the equations are real number and are equal
Example 3. Given x 2−6 x +9=0

Now it’s your turn try solving for the discriminant of x 2 + 2x + 5 = 0.

You should get – 16 as an answer therefore the equation has no real roots.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at paglalahad ng
bagong kasanayan #1

Before we proceed with the next part of the discussion let’s have a brain exercise and test our skill in adding and
multiplying numbers

Find the Sum or Product of the given.

1. 7 + 16 Answer:_____ 4. (8)(15) Answer:_____

2. -9 + 14 Answer:_____ 5. (-4)(7) Answer:_____
3. -6 + (-17) Answer:_____

Now, check your work by turning to page 9 - 10 for the key to correction.
For our next discussion is about
Sum and Product of Roots of Quadratic Equation.

Sum and Product of Roots of a Quadratic Equation

−b
i. The sum of the roots of a x 2+ bx+ c=0 is
a
c
ii. The product of the roots of a x 2+ bx+ c=0 is
a
Example 1. Given : x 2+ 2 x−8=0
Steps Instruction
2
x + 2 x−8=0 Since the given quadratic equation is in standard form,
a = 1 , b = 2 and c = -8 we can find the value of a, b, and c.
−b −2 Now using the formula of the sum of the roots which is
= =−2
a 1 −b
, we substitute the value of a and b
a
c −8 Now using the formula of the product of the roots which
= =−8
a 1 c
is , we substitute the value of a and c
a

Therefore the sum of the roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 is -2 and the product of the roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 is -8
Using this information, we can find the roots of the given quadratic equation.
Think about two numbers that has sum of -2 and a product of -8.

Do you have your answer?

If your answer is -4 and 2 , then you are correct!

The roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 are -4 and 2.
Checking: (−4 ) +2=−2
(−4 ) ( 2 )=−8
Example 2. Given : 2 x2 +7 x−4=0

Steps Instruction
2 x2 +7 x−4=0 Since the given quadratic equation is in standard form,
a = 2 , b = 7 and c = -4 we can find the value of a, b, and c.
−b −7 −7 Now using the formula of the sum of the roots which is
= =
a 2 2 −b
, we substitute the value of a and b
a
c −4 Now using the formula of the product of the roots which
= =−2
a 2 c
is , we substitute the value of a and c
a
−7
Therefore the sum of the roots of 2 x2 +7 x−4=0 is and the product of the roots of 2 x2 +7 x−4=0 is −2
2
Using this information, we can find the roots of the given quadratic equation.
−7
Think about two numbers that has sum of and a product of – 2
2

Do you have your answer?

−1
If your answer is and 4 , then you are correct!
2
−1
The roots of x 2+ 2 x−8=0 are ∧4
2

Example 3. Given : x 2+ 6 x+ 8=0

Steps Instruction
2
x + 6 x+ 8=0 Since the given quadratic equation is in standard form,
a = 1 , b = 6 and c = 8 we can find the value of a, b, and c.
−b −6 Now using the formula of the sum of the roots which is
= =−6
a 1
 −b
, we substitute the value of a and b
a
c 8 Now using the formula of the product of the roots which
= =8
a 1 c
is , we substitute the value of a and c
a

Therefore the sum of the roots of x 2+ 6 x+ 8=0 is −6 and the product of the roots of x 2+ 6 x+ 8=0 is 8
Using this information, we can find the roots of the given quadratic equation.
E. Disc
Think about two numbers that has sum of −6 and a product of 8
ussi
ng
Do you have your answer? new

If your answer is −2 and −4 then you are correct!

The roots of x 2+ 6 x+ 8=0 are−2 and −4
Checking: (−2 ) + (−4 ) =−6
(−2 ) (−4 )=8
concepts and practicing new skills #2 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at paglalahad ng bagong kasanayan #2

Here, let us have, Solving Quadratic Equations that are not written in standard form
Example 1: Solve x(x– 5) = 36.

Steps Instruction
x(x– 5) = 36. This is a quadratic equation that is not written in standard form.
( x)(x )−( x)5=36 Applying Distributive Property
x 2−5 x=36
x 2−5 x+ (−36 )=36+(−36) Adding -36 to both sides, the equation becomes equal to 0 which
makes it a quadratic equation in standard form.
x 2−5 x−36=0 Transforming into standard form
( x−9 )( x +4 )=0 Use any of the four methods of solving quadratic equations
in finding the solutions of the equation x2 – 5x – 36 = 0. In
this equation we can use factoring.
x−9=0∨x+ 4=0 Use the Principle of Zero Products
x=9∧x=−4 The roots or solution of the given quadratic equation is 9 and -4

Checking for x = 9 Checking for x = -4

x ( x−5 )=36 x ( x−5 )=36
9 ( 9−5 )=36 4 ( 4−5 ) =36
9 ( 4 )=36 4 (−1 )=36
36=36 −4 ≠36
This root satisfy the equation This root does not satisfy the equation

The equation x(x– 5) = 36 is true when the solution is x = 9.

6 x −3
Example 2: Solve + =2
x 4

Steps Instruction
6 x −3 This is a quadratic equation that is not written in standard form.
+ =2
x 4
6 x−3 Multiply both sides of the equation by the Least Common Multiple
4x
x(+
4 )
=(2)4 x (LCM) of all denominators. In the given equation, the LCM is 4x

24+ x2 −3 x =8 x After multiplying the LCM to the Equation. You should transform
the equation in to its standard form
24+ x2 −3 x +(−8 x)=8 x +(−8 x) Add -8x to the both side of the equation and arrange the
equation into its standard form

x 2−11 x+ 24=0 After adding the -8x and arranging the terms this is the standard
form of the equation
( x−3 ) ( x−8 )=0 Use any of the four methods of solving quadratic equations in
finding the solutions of the equation x 2−11 x+ 24=0
x−3=0∧x −8=0 Use the Principle of Zero Products
 x=3∧x=8 The roots or solution of the given quadratic equation
Checking for x = 3 Checking for x = 8
6 x −3 6 x −3
+ =2 + =2
x 4 x 4
6 (−3)−3 6 (8)−3
+ =2 + =2
(3) 4 (8) 4
−6 6 5
2+ =2 + =2
4 (8) 4
2 2 2=2
≠ 2∨ ≠ 2
4 4 This root satisfy the equation
This root does not satisfy the equation

6 x −3
The equation + =2 is true when the solution is x = 8.
x 4

F. Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

Please answer in a separate sheet of paper.
A. Determine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations using the discriminant. Answer the
questions that follow.
1. x2 + 5x + 10 = 0 discriminant: ______ nature of the roots: _________
2. 5. x2 + 6x + 3 = 0 discriminant: ______ nature of the roots: _________
B. Use the values of a, b, and c of each of the following quadratic equations in determining
Score Description
the sum and the product of its roots. Verify your answers by obtaining the roots of the 11 - 12 Very Good
equation. Answer the questions that follow. 8 - 10 Good
2 5–7 Fair
1. x + 3x + 2 = 0 Sum: _____ Product: _____ Roots: _____________ 3–4 Turn to page 10
2. 2x2 – 10x – 8 = 0 Sum: _____ Product: _____ Roots: _____________ 0–2
sec. J and work
on the
2
C. Transform each of the following equation into a quadratic equation in the form ax + bx + enrichment
activities
c = 0. Answer the questions that follow.
1. (t + 2)2 + (t - 3)2 = 9 Answer:___________________
2. (2r + 3)2 + (r + 4)2 = 10 Answer:___________________

Now, check your work by turning to page 9 - 10 0 for the key to correction.
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the table above.

If your score is at least 5 out of 12, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion.

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living ( Paglalapat ng aralin sa pang-araw-araw
na buhay)
Quadratic equation is a useful skill in real life. Common applications include:

Calculating Room Areas

People frequently need to calculate the area of rooms, boxes or plots of land. An example might involve building a
rectangular box where one side must be twice the length of the other side. For example, if you have only 4 square
feet of wood to use for the bottom of the box, with this information, you can create an equation for the area of the
box using the ratio of the two sides. This means the area the length times the width in terms of x would equal x
times 2x, or 2x2. This equation must be less than or equal to four to successfully make a box using these
constraints.

Can you think of other ways on how quadratic equation is applied in real-life?

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson (Paglalahat ng aralin)

As for our summary:

Steps for determining the Discriminant to describe the roots of a Sum and Product of the roots of Quadratic
quadratic equation. equation.
1. Write the equation in standard form. Before we can determine the sum and the product
2. Determine the values of a, b and c. of the roots we have to determine the values of a, b
3. Substitute to the formula for discriminant which is D = b2 – 4ac and c of the quadratic equation.
4. Then describe the roots if: To determine the sum of the roots we can use the
D = 0, then the roots are real number and are equal −b
D >0 and is a perfect square the roots are rational but are not formula
equal. a
D >0 but not perfect square the roots are irrational and are not And for the product of the roots we can use the
equal. c
D <0 the equation has no real roots. formula
a
I. Evaluating learning (Pagtataya ng aralin)

Please answer in a separate sheet of paper.

A. Determine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations using the discriminant. Answer
the questions that follow.
1. 2x2 + 6x + 4 = 0 discriminant: ______ nature of the roots: _________
2. 3x2 – 5x = -4 discriminant: ______ nature of the roots: _________

B. Use the values of a, b, and c of each of the following quadratic equations in determining the sum and
the product of its roots. Verify your answers by obtaining the roots of the equation.
1. 1. 4x2 + 8x + 3 = 0 Sum: _____ Product: _____ Roots: _____________
2. 9x2 – 6x = 8 Sum: _____ Product: _____ Roots: _____________

C. Transform each of the following equation into a quadratic equation in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0.
1. (m - 4)2 + (m - 7)2 =15 Answer:___________________
2. x(x + 3) = 28 Answer:___________________

J. Additional activities for application or remediation (Karagdaganggawain para sa takdang aralin at remediation)
Activity 1: Now, try on your own. Write the given quadratic equations in standard form and identify the real
numbers a, b, and c. Please answer on separate sheet of paper.

1. 6. 3x = 10x2 – 3 Answer:_______________ a = ____ b = ____ c = _____

2. 7. x2 – 8 = 0 Answer:_______________ a = ____ b = ____ c = _____
3. 8. 2m2 = 8m Answer:_______________ a = ____ b = ____ c = _____
4. 9. 2t2 + 7 = 6t Answer:_______________ a = ____ b = ____ c = _____
5. 10. 3x2 = 10x – 3 Answer:_______________ a = ____ b = ____ c = _____

Key to Correction: 1pt each answer

F.Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)
A.
1. discriminant: -15 nature of the roots: No real Roots
2. discriminant: 24 nature of the roots: Irrational numbers and are not equal
B.
1. Sum: -3 Product: 2 Roots: x = -1, x = -2
2. Sum: 10 Product: 25 Roots: x = 5, x = 5
C.
1. Answer: 2t2 – 2t +4 = 0
2. Answer: 5r2 + 20r + 15 = 0

J. Additional Activities
Activity 1:
1. Answer: 10x2 – 3x – 3 = 0 a = 10 b = -3 c = -3
2. Answer: x2 – 8 = 0 a = 1 b = 0 c = -8
3. Answer: 2m2 – 8m = 0 a = 2 b = -8 c = 0
2
4. Answer: 2t – 6t + 7 = 0 a = 2 b = -6 c = 7
5. Answer: 3x2 – 10x + 3 = 0 a = 3 b = -10 c = 3
F.Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)
A.
1. discriminant: 4 nature of the roots: Rational but are not equal
2. discriminant: 1 nature of the roots: Rational but are not equal
B.
1. Sum: 7 Product: 10 Roots: x = 2, x = 5
2. Sum: 6 Product: 8 Roots: x = 2, x = 4
C.
1. Answer: 2t2 – 2t +4 = 0
2. Answer: 5r2 + 20r + 15 = 0
If you need more help, you may reach me at cp # 09354982767 or send me a private message thru my facebook
account Paul John Tasic

Prepared by: Paul John V. Taisc

Mathematics Teacher