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Number Systems Topic

This document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on how each system represents numbers using different symbols and explains how to convert between the number systems using division or lookup tables. Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are covered for binary numbers. Negative number representation in binary includes sign-magnitude and one's and two's complement. Worked examples demonstrate converting between number systems and performing binary arithmetic operations.

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112 views9 pages

Number Systems Topic

This document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides details on how each system represents numbers using different symbols and explains how to convert between the number systems using division or lookup tables. Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are covered for binary numbers. Negative number representation in binary includes sign-magnitude and one's and two's complement. Worked examples demonstrate converting between number systems and performing binary arithmetic operations.

Uploaded by

Heybaejulia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. DECIMAL – it represents 10 symbols from 0-9


2. BINARY – it represents 2 symbols from 0-1
3. OCTAL – it represents 8 symbols from 0-7
4. HEXADECIMAL – it represents 16 symbols from 0-9, A-F

Xn
If n is 2 = binary, if n=8 octal, if n=16 hexadecimal, if n=10 decimal
N means subscript, base, radix

CONVERSION:
1. DECIMAL TO BINARY/OCTAL/HEXADECIMAL

3610  1001002
SUCCESSIVE DIVISION

36/2 = 18 rem=0
18/2=9 rem=0
9/2=4 rem=1
4/2=2 rem=0
2/2=1 rem=0
1/2=0 rem=1
===============
3610  448

36/8 = 4 rem=4
4/8=0 rem=4
===============
3610  2416

36/16 = 2 rem=4
2/16 =0 rem=2
2. BINARY/OCTAL/HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

1001002 -> _______

100100
0 x 20 = 0
0 x 21 = 0
1 x 22 = 4
0 x 23 = 0
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
---------
36

448  _______ 10

4 x 80 = 4
4 x 81 = 32
-------------
36

2416  ______10

4 x 160 = 4
2 x 161 = 32
-----------
36
Short method:

Binary to decimal and decimal to binary


3610  1001002
2047  111111111112
1010111012  34910

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 0 0
======================================================
210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

3. BINARY TO OCTAL/HEXADECIMAL

1100110112  6338
Octal (0-7) equivalent of 7 in binary 111 using 4-2-1 code
Using 3 bits
6 3 3
110 011 011
421 421 421

3 7 4 5 2 5
011 111 100 101 010 101
421 421 421 421 421 421

1100110112  19B16
Hexadecimal (0-F) equivalent of F is 15, 1111 using 8-4-2-1
Using 4 bits

1 9 11 = B
0001 1001 1011
8421 8421 8421
SEATWORK:
Convert the following: 5 points each

DECIMAL BINARY OCTAL HEXADECIMAL


110010101010101
FAÇADE
16317
16735

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
BINARY OPERATION
1. ADDITION
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 0 CARRY 1
1 + 1 + 1 = 1 CARRY 1

2. SUBTRACTION
0–0=0
0 – 1 = 1 BORROW 1
1–0=1
1–1=0

3. MULTIPLICATION
1 X0=0
1 X1=0
2 X0=0
2 X1=1

4. DIVISION
0/0=0
0/1=0
1/0=0
1/1=1
EXAMPLE:
PERFORM THE INDICATED OPERATIONS

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1
+ 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 11 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 11 1 1 11 1
1 1 11 1 11 11 1 1 1 1
11 1 1 11 01 0 0 0
1 11 01 0 1 1 0 0
11 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 11 1 1 0
01 11 01 1 0 11 01 1
1 1 1 11 11 11 1 1
1 01 0 0 11 0 0 0
11 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1

10 10 0 1 10 10 10 0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 10 01 01 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

Rem 1/10
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
10 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0
1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
0 1 0
1 0
1
Rem 1/101
1 0 1 1 1 0 0
101 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 1
1 0 1
1 0 1
1 0 1
0 1

NEGATIVE NUMBER REPRESENTATION


1. SIGN-MAGNITUDE REPRESENTATION
- A bit is added to the left of the most-significant-bit (MSB) to
denote whether a number is positive (0) or negative (1).
- Example: 11101 (the red 1 is the MSB which denotes negative)
- 0110101 (the red 0 denotes positive)

2. ONE’S COMPLEMENT (1’S)


01
10

EXAMPLE: 11010101 --- 00101010


3. TWO’S COMPLEMENT (2’S)
1’S COMPLEMENT + 1 = 2’S COMPLEMENT

EXAMPLE: 11001011 - 00110100 (1’S COMPLEMENT) + 1


00110101(2’S)
EXAMPLE: SOLVE USING 1’S COMPLEMENT

1
36 1 0 0 1 0 0
- 15 + 1 1 0 0 0 0
21 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
DISREGARD

36  100100 (6 BITS)
15  001111
GET THE 1’S COMPLEMENT OF 15
110000

010100
+ 1
------------ --
0 1 0 1 0 1 (+21)

1 1 1 1 1
15 0 0 1 1 1 1
- 36 + 0 1 1 0 1 1
-21 1 0 1 0 1 0
Msb = negative

15  001111
36  100100
Get the 1’s complement of 36
011011
101010 (true value of negative 21)
Get the 1’s complement to get the true value of 21

101010 reverse 010101 (+21)

ASSIGNMENT:
Perform the indicated operation:

11110010101 + 10101010 =

11110000 + 10101010 + 11111111 + 11001100 =

11111111 – 11001100 =

110000110011 – 1010101010 =

11110000 x 101 =

110011001100 / 110 =

100010001000 / 111 =

Solve using 1’s complement

75-42 =
42-75 =

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