LESSON TITLE:

CAPACITORS: THE ELECTRIC FIELD

ENERGY STORAGE
Grade 10 Special Science Class
Quarter 1, Week Number 5

GEROME I. BOTON
Science Teacher
SINAIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Ricudo, Sinait Ilocos Sur

1
 1
5

This Self - Learning Kit is an innovation - learning tool that helps and guides
you to answer your queries about capacitors. This kit enables you to give information
about capacitors that could offer and enrich your understanding by answering the fun
and enjoyable activities.
For a better understanding of the different concepts provided on this self-
learning kit, let me remind you of the following:
1. examine carefully the self – learning kit objectives
2. keep the self - learning kit clean , do not write unnecessary words or
drawings that are not related to the topic
3. read and understand the instructions properly and do not skip anything,
4. try to answer all the activities to the best of your ability and write your
answers neatly on the activity sheets
5. be persistent, go back and reflect on what you’ve gained and missed.

The learners demonstrate understanding concepts on

capacitors.
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Define capacitor and capacitance
2. Enumerate and describe the different types of capacitors.
3. Identify values, tolerances & voltages of capacitors based
from the standard color code chart
4. Solve word problems on capacitance, voltage, charge of
capacitor and convert their numeric equivalent into color
codes.
.

2
 If resistors purpose is to resist current and
voltage, what about capacitors? __________________
____________________________________________

Capacitors are one of the most widely used circuit

component used by electrical engineers for circuit design. It plays
an important role in many of the embedded applications. It is
available at different ratings. They are used in designing circuit
applications ranging from large devices such household appliances
to small devices such as cell phones.

The Capacitor and Its Types

Capacitor is a simple passive device that can store electrical charges on their plates
when connected to a voltage source.
• Capacitor consists of two or more parallel conductive (metal) plates separated
by a non-conducting substance called dielectric..
• Capacitors are made from ceramic materials and
then dipped into an epoxy resin to seal them.
• The capacitance of a capacitor tells you how much
charge it can store, more capacitance means
more capacity to store charge. Figure 1. Shows the different
• The capacitors symbol consists of two parallel capacitors.

lines, which are either flat or curved; both lines should be parallel to each other,
close but not touching each other

3
 Capacitance

Voltage

Figure 2 shows the capacitor symbols and label of capacitance and voltage of a capacitor

• Capacitance is the measure of a capacitors ability to store an electrical charge

onto its two plates with the unit of capacitance being the Farad (F) named after
the British physicist Michael Faraday.
• Capacitors are used in filter applications, energy storage systems, motor
starters and signal processing devices
• A capacitor has the capacitance of One Farad when a charge of One Coulomb
is stored on the plates by a voltage of One volt.
o Note: Capacitance is always positive in value and has no negative units.
Types of Capacitors. The types of capacitors available range from very small
delicate trimming capacitors using in oscillator or radio circuits, up to large power
metal-can type capacitors used in high voltage power correction and smoothing
circuits.

1. Film Capacitors or plastic capacitors – are ready type of capacitor, which are
physically larger and more expensive used in AC voltage applications.
• They are available in almost any value and voltages as high as 1500 volts
with a tolerance from 10% to 0.01%.
• Film capacitors are classified according to shape
o Wrap & Fill (Oval & Round) – wrapped in a tight plastic tape and have
the ends filled with epoxy to seal them.
o Epoxy Case (Rectangular & Round) – encased in a molded plastic
shell that is then filled with epoxy.
o Metal Hermetically Sealed (Rectangular & Round) – encased in a
metal tube or can and again sealed with epoxy.
• Uses polystyrene, polycarbonate or Teflon as their dielectrics.
2. Ceramic Capacitors or disc capacitors - used in high frequency audio circuits.
• Have a high dielectric constant and a relatively high capacitance that can be
obtained in a small physical size.

4
 • They exhibit large non-linear changes in capacitance against temperature
and used as de-coupling or by-pass capacitors with a 3-digit code printed
onto their body.
• Made by coating two sides of a small porcelain or ceramic disc with silver that
are stacked together.
3. Electrolytic Capacitors are the most prevalently used capacitors that have a
wide tolerance capacity.
• Generally used in DC power supply circuits due to their large capacitance’s
and small size to help reduce the ripple voltage
• The two types of electrolytic capacitor are :
o Tantalum oxide capacitors have ordinarily better exhibition, higher
value, and used in blocking, bypassing, and timing applications.
o Can tolerate being connected to a reverse voltage much more easily
and are rated at much lower working voltages..
o Aluminum oxide giving an easier leakage current and better
capacitance strength that makes them suitable for obstructing,
decoupling, filtering applications.
4. Variable Capacitors are utilized in setting the frequency of resonance in LC
circuits, for tuning transmitters, receivers and transistor radios.
• Are multi-plate air-spaced types that have a set of fixed plates (the stator vanes)
and a set of movable plates (the rotor vanes)
Standard Units of Capacitance
Farad is a very large unit of measurement to use on its own so sub-multiples of
the Farad are generally used. Below is a simple table showing the prefixes,
abbreviations, weight and equivalents of Farad units.
Table 1. Shows the Prefixes, Abbreviations, Weight and Equivalents of Farad units.

Prefix Name Abbreviation Weight Equivalent Farads

Picofarad pF 10-12 0.000000000001 F

Nanofarad nF 10-9 0.000000001 F

Microfarad µF 10- 6 0.000001 F

Milifarad mF 10- 3 0.001 F

Kilofarad kF 103 1000 F

5
Methods to Identify the Capacitor and to Calculate its Value
1. The number on the capacitor represents the value in Pico Farads (ex. 8 = 8 pF)
2. If the third number is zero, then the value is in pF (ex. 100 = 100 pF)
3. For a 3-digit number, the third number represents the number of zeros after the
second digit (ex. 104 = 10 – 0000 pF)
4. If the value is obtained in pF, it is easy to convert into KpF or µF.
• pF / 1000 = KpF, pF /10,000 = µF (ex. Capacitance Value of 104 or 100,000
in pF, it is 100KpF or 0.1 µF )
Calculating Charge, Voltage, and Current
By applying a voltage to a capacitor and measuring the charge on the plates,
the ratio of the charge (Q) to the voltage (V) will give the capacitance value of the
capacitor. This relationship between charge, capacitance, and voltage is shown with
these equations:

• The capacitor's relationship to voltage and current is this: the amount

of current through a capacitor depends on both the capacitance and how
quickly the voltage is rising or falling.
• Voltage is the quantitative expression of the potential difference in electrical
charge between two points in electric field
• Charge is the amount of energy or electrons that pass from one body to
another.
• Tolerance is the extent to which the actual capacitance is allowed to vary from
its nominal value
• Note: If the voltage across a capacitor swiftly rises, a large positive current
will be induced through the capacitor. A slower rise in voltage across a
capacitor equates to a smaller current through it. If the voltage across a
capacitor is steady and unchanging, no current will go through it.

Example 1.What is the charged stored when voltage across a 25 µF is 9 volts?

Given: 25 µF = C 9 volts = V

6
Unknown: Q – charge Formula: Q=CXV

Solution: Q = 25 µF X 9 V = 225µF

Example 2. Determine the capacitance of a capacitor if it has a charge of 300

Coulomb and connected across a 6-volt battery.

Given: 300 C =Q 6 volts = V

Unknown: C - capacitance

Formula: C=Q/V

Solution: C = 300 C / 6 V = 50 F

Example 3. How much voltage is present on a battery connected to a capacitor if it

has a charge of 450 Coulomb and a capacitance of 90 Farad?

Given: 450 Coulomb = Q 90 Farad = Capacitance

Unknown: V – voltage Formula: V=Q/C

Solution: V = 450 C / 90 F = 5 V

Table 2. Shows the Capacitor Color Code Table

Band Digit Digit Multiplier D Tolerance Tolerance Temperature
Color A B (T) > 10pf (T) < 10pf Coefficient (TC)
Black 0 0 x1 ± 20% ± 2.0pF -33×10-6
Brown 1 1 x10 ± 1% ± 0.1pF -75×10-6
Red 2 2 x100 ± 2% ± 0.25pF -150×10-6
Orange 3 3 x1,000 ± 3% -220×10-6
Yellow 4 4 x10,000 ± 4% -330×10-6
Green 5 5 x100,000 ± 5% ± 0.5pF -470×10-6
Blue 6 6 x1,000,000
Violet 7 7 -750×10-6
Gray 8 8 x 0.01 +80%,-20%
White 9 9 x 0.1 ± 10% ± 1.0pF
Gold x 0.1 ± 5%
Silver x 0.01 ± 10%

7
Capacitor Color Code. Like resistors, each band on the capacitor has a value
• First band is the First number in the color chart.
• Second band is the Second number in the color chart.
• Third band is the multiplier as in the case of a resistor.
• Fourth band is the Tolerance of the capacitor.
• Fifth band is the body of the capacitor that represents the Working voltage of
the capacitor.
• The Red color represents 250 volts and Yellow represents 400 volts.
Example 4: Consider the capacitor color codes given below:
A – Yellow - 4
B – Violet - 7
D – Orange - 1000
T - White - ± 10%
V – Voltage – 250 (L)
So, 47 x1000 = 47000, 47nF or 4.7 kF with
250 volts (Polyester/Polystyrene Capacitors)

Table 3. Shows the Capacitor Voltage Color Code Table

Band Voltage Rating (V)
Color Type J Type K Type L Type M Type N
Black 4 100 10 10
Brown 6 200 100 1.6
Red 10 300 250 4 35
Orange 15 400 40
Yellow 20 500 400 6.3 6
Green 25 600 16 15
Blue 35 700 630 20
Violet 50 800
Gray 900 25 25
White 3 1000 2.5 3
Gold 2000
Silver

8
Capacitor Voltage Reference
• Type J – Dipped Tantalum Capacitors.
• Type K – Mica Capacitors.
• Type L – Polyester/Polystyrene Capacitors.
• Type M – Electrolytic 4 Band Capacitors.
• Type N – Electrolytic 3 Band Capacitors.
Table 5 shows the Capacitor Tolerance Letter Codes Table

Letter B C D F G J K M Z
Tolerance

C <10pF ±pF 0.1 0.25 0.5 1 2

+80
C >10pF ±% 0.5 1 2 5 10 20
-20

Example 4: Consider the dipped tantalum capacitor on the left is a ceramic disc
type capacitor that has a code of 473J printed onto its body. Then the 4 =
1st digit, the 7 = 2nd digit, the 3 is the multiplier in pico-Farads, pF and the
letter J is the tolerance and this translates to: 47pF * 1,000 (3 zero’s) =
47,000 pF, 47nF or 0.047uF the J indicates a tolerance of +/- 5%

9
Name; _______________________________ Section: ______________________
Grade Level: __________________________ Date: ________________________
TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: WORD SEARCH
DIRECTIONS: Find the 10 terms about capacitors hidden in the puzzle. They arranged
horizontally, diagonally and vertically. Write your answers on the box below.

Answers:
1._______________________ 6.______________________
2._______________________ 7.______________________
3._______________________ 8.______________________
4._______________________ 9.______________________
5._______________________ 10._____________________

10
Name: _______________________________ Section: ______________________
Grade Level: __________________________ Date: ________________________
TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: COMPLETE THE INCOMPLETE
DIRECTIONS: Write the missing letters on the space provided to complete the term
based from the clues given.
C A I O
1. A Simple passive device that can store electrical charges
A A I T C E
2. The measure of a capacitors ability to store an electrical charge onto its two
plates
F A D
3. SI derived unit of electrical capacitance.
O L A E
4. Quantitative expression of the potential difference in electrical charge
between two points in electric field
C H E
5. The amount of energy or electrons that pass from one body to another.
E A I C A P C I R
6. Used in high frequency audio circuits
F L C P C T R
7. Physically larger and more expensive used in AC voltage applications.
L U N M X D
8. Give an easier leakage current and better capacitance strength
T O L A C
9. The extent to which the actual capacitance is allowed to vary from its
nominal value
V R B L A C I R
10. Utilized in setting the frequency of resonance for tuning transmitters,
receivers and transistor radios

11
Name: _______________________________ Section: ______________________
Grade Level: __________________________ Date: ________________________
TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: SOLVE MY PROBLEM
A. DIRECTIONS. Solve the word problems on capacitor. Show your solutions.
1. Determine the amount of charge stored on either plate of capacitor 4 x103 F when
connected across a 12-volt battery.
2. A capacitor has a charge of 50 Coulomb when the voltage across the capacitor is
12 volts. Compute for the capacitance of the material.
3. How much voltage is present on a battery connected to a capacitor if it has a charge
of 5 x10 5 Coulomb and a capacitance of 25 Farad?
B. Identify the color bands and type of capacitor of the following capacitors below.
1.

4700 µF, 16 V

2.

564 J, 400 V

3.

103

4.

220 µF, 25 V

5.

6800 µF, 50 V

12
Name; _______________________________ Section: ______________________
Grade Level: __________________________ Date: ________________________
TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: WHATS MY NUMERIC VALUES?
DIRECTIONS: Decode the given colors of the capacitors below to get its numerical
values and compute for its capacitance and range of capacitance. Refer it to the color
code chart above.
1. Violet, Gray, Red, Gold –

2. Brown, Blue, Orange -

3. Red, Brown, Green, Black –

4. Red, Blue, Yellow, Orange –

5. Brown, Brown, Green –

6. Red, Orange, Yellow, Silver –

7. Brown, White, Violet, Black–

8. Orange, Green, Gray, Brown –

9. Violet, Orange, Yellow, Gold –

10. Blue, Green, Red, Black –

13
 Capacitor serves as electrical charges storage. They are
also used in filter applications, motor starters and signal
processing devices.

A capacitor has the capacitance of One Farad when a

charge of One Coulomb is stored on the plates by a voltage of
One volt. Capacitance is always positive in value and has no
negative units. It is important to note, “If the voltage across a
capacitor swiftly rises, a large positive current will be induced
through the capacitor. A slower rise in voltage across a capacitor
equates to a smaller current through it. If the voltage across a
capacitor is steady and unchanging, no current will go through
it”.

Based from your gained knowledge on capacitor, what

type of capacitor plays a vital role in the field of broadcasting and
how can this passive device help in local radio stations?

14
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of your answer
1. This refers to the passive component of electronics used to store electrical charges.
A. Capacitor B. Diode C. Inductor D. Resistor
2. Which of the following is the unit of capacitance?
A. Amperes B. Coulomb C. Farad D. Volts
3. Which of the following is the quantitative expression of the potential difference in
electrical charge between two points in electric field
A. Charge B. Capacitance C. Tolerance D. Voltage
4. All of the following are types of capacitor except
A. Film Capacitors C. Paper Capacitor
B. Ceramic Capacitor D. Electrolytic Capacitor
5. What does the color of the third band in a capacitor indicates?
A. Charge B. Voltage C. Divider D. Multiplier
B. FILL IN THE BLANKS. Fill in the correct term in the blank to complete the
statements.
1. _____________ is the measure of a capacitors ability to store an electrical charge
onto its two plates with the unit ____________ named after the British physicist
_____________.
2. A capacitor has the capacitance of One __________ when a charge of One ______
is stored on the plates by a voltage of One __________.
3. The capacitors symbol consists of ___________ lines, which are either ________or
______________; both lines should be parallel to each other, close but ____________
each other
C. DRAWING. Illustrate the symbols of the following.

1. Capacitor -

2. Variable capacitor -

3. Polarized capacitor -

15
On line sources:

https://www.google.com/search?q=capacitor+types&oq=CAPACITOR&aqs=chrome.
4.69i57j0l7.8265j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
http://gk12.egr.uh.edu/sites/gk12.egr.uh.edu/files/docs/activities/Build-Your-Own-
Capacitor.pdf
https://www.usna.edu/Users/physics/downey/_files/2017_Fall/worksheet25.pdf
https://yenka.com/activities/Capacitors_-_Activity/
https://education.ti.com/en/activity/detail?id=1B1E7295345A4E629B9F09747FEC5C
39
https://www.elprocus.com/capacitors-types-applications/

https://www.electronicsnotes.com/articles/electronic_components/capacitors/electrol
ytic.php

https://www.physics-prep.com/index.php/practice-problems-capacitors/43-physics-2-
unit-1/1437-practice-problems-capacitance-solutions

https://braingenie.ck12.org/skills/105682

16
TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: SEARCH THE WORD

1. CAPACITOR 6.FARADAY
2. CAPACITANCE 7. CHARGE
3. VOLTAGE 8. PICOFARAD
4. TOLERANCE 9. COLOR CODE
5. ELECTRICCHARGE 10. FARAD

TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: COMPLETE THE INCOMPLETE

1. CAPACITOR 6.CERAMIC CAPACITOR

2. CAPACITANCE 7. FILM CAPACITOR
3. FARAD 8. ALUMINUM OXIDE
4. VOLTAGE 9. TOLERANCE
5. CHARGE 10. VARIABLE CAPACITOR

TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: SOLVE MY PROBLEM

A. 1. 48,000 Coulomb or 48 kC
2. 4.17 Farad
3. 20,000 Volts or 20 kV
B. 1. Yellow, Violet, Brown – Orange (Type J – Dipped Tantalum Capacitor)
2. Green, Blue, Orange - Orange (Type K – Mica Capacitor)
3. Brown, Black, Red - Ceramic capacitor
4. Red, Red, Violet – Green (Type J - Dipped Tantalum Capacitor)
5. Blue, Gray, Brown – Violet (Type J - Dipped Tantalum Capacitor)

TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: WHATS MY NUMERIC VALUES?

1. Violet, Gray, Red, Gold – 7 8 x 100 ± 5% = 7,800 F or 7.8 kF

7.8 kF X 0.05 = 0.39
Range of Capacitance 7.8 kF + 0.39 = 8.19 kF
7.8 kF – 0.39 = 7.41 kF

17
2. Brown, Blue, Orange - 1 6 x 1000 = 16,000F or 16kF
3. Red, Brown, Green, Black – 2 1 x 100,000 ± 20% = 2,100,000F or 21MF
21 MF x 0.2 = 4.2
Range of Capacitance 21MF + 4.2 = 25.2MF
21MF – 4.2 = 16.8 MF
4. Red, Blue, Yellow, Orange – 2 6 X 10,000 ± 3 % = 260,000F or 260kF
260 kF x 0.03 = 7.8
Range of Capacitance 260 kF + 7.8 = 267.8 kF
260 kF – 7.8 = 252. 2 kF
5. Brown, Brown, Green – 1 1 x 100,000 = 1,100,000 F or 11MF
6. Red, Orange, Yellow, Silver – 2 3 x 10, 000 ± 10 % = 230,000 F or 230 kF
230 kF x 0.1 = 23
Range of Capacitance 230 kF + 23 = 253 kF
230 kF – 23 = 207 kF
7. Brown, White, Violet, Black– 1 9 x 100,000 ± 20 % = 1,900,000 F or 19MF
19 MF x 0.2 = 3.8
Range of Capacitance 19 MF + 3.8 = 22.8 MF
19MF – 3.8 = 15.2 MF
8. Orange, Green, Gray, Brown – 3 5 x 1000 ± 1 % = 35,000 F or 35 kF
Range of Capacitance 35 kF x 0.01 = 0.35
35 kF + 0.35 = 35.35 kF
35 kF – 3.5 = 31.5 kF
9. Violet, Orange, Yellow, Gold – 7 3 x 10,000 ± 5 % = 73,000F or 73kF
73 kF x 0.05 = 3.65
Range of Capacitance 73 kF + 3.65 = 76.65 kF
73 kF – 3.65 = 69.35 kF
10. Blue, Green, Red, Black – 6 5 x 100 ± 20 % = 6500 F or 6.5 kF
6.5 kF x 0.2 = 1.3
Range of Capacitance 6.5 kF + 1.3 = 7.8 kF
6.5 kF – 1.3 = 5.2 kF

18
ASSESSMENT

A. 1. A
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. D
B. 1. Capacitance, Farad, Michael Faraday
2. Coulomb, Farad, Volts
3. Two parallel, flat, curved not touching
C.

19