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Polymeric Biomaterials: - Processing, Properties - Polymer Ceramic Composites

This document discusses polymeric biomaterials, including their processing, properties, and applications. It focuses on polymer-ceramic composites like hydroxyapatite (HAp)-polymer composites that can be used for high load-bearing implants. Specifically, HAp-polyethylene composites like HApEX are highlighted which improve the mechanical properties of polymers for uses such as orthopedic implants, providing sufficient strength, stiffness, bioactivity and biocompatibility for load-bearing applications. The challenges of processing high-strength polymers and techniques like extrusion and compression molding are also mentioned.

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Aniket Singh
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63 views25 pages

Polymeric Biomaterials: - Processing, Properties - Polymer Ceramic Composites

This document discusses polymeric biomaterials, including their processing, properties, and applications. It focuses on polymer-ceramic composites like hydroxyapatite (HAp)-polymer composites that can be used for high load-bearing implants. Specifically, HAp-polyethylene composites like HApEX are highlighted which improve the mechanical properties of polymers for uses such as orthopedic implants, providing sufficient strength, stiffness, bioactivity and biocompatibility for load-bearing applications. The challenges of processing high-strength polymers and techniques like extrusion and compression molding are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Aniket Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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13.

Polymeric Biomaterials

- processing, properties
-polymer ceramic composites
PTFE

• Property requirement – Haemo-compatibility


• Restrict Thrombus formation
PMMA – Bone cement
THR

 UHMWPE – THR—Acetabular cup – Interaction with ceramic ball—wear


debris – ascetic loosening ---- Polymer –Ceramic composite
 Elastic of Cortical bone --- 3 to 80 GPa
Processing through Extrusion of high strength polymers
Processing Difficulties of high strength polymer
MW – Strength --- Viscosity

Intricate Shapes

Extrusion- Poor mechanical working


Problems with Polymer as Biomaterial
• Too flexible and too weak to meet mechanical demands
• For implants in orthopedic surgery

• Due to low strength used as low load bearing implants

• SOLUTIONS
• Can be used as composite materials with other bio-ceramics
• Most widely used as HAp – Polymer composite – (HApEX)

• Can be used as Scaffold materials which don’t need much


strength, like replacement of cancellous (spongy) bone.
HAp - Polymer Composite

Why do we care about HAp??

• HAp can be mixed with various polymers to form biocompatible


and possibly bioactive composite materials.

• These polymer composite have been used in high load bearing


implants

• HApEX is a composites consisting of HAp particles reinforced in a


high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix.

• Wisker shaped particles improve the mechanical properties of


similar HDPE/HAp Composites
Application of HAp - Polymer Composite
• Composite has sufficient strength and stiffness for used as load
bearing implantation.
• The moderate ductility and high toughness value is comparable
to human cortical bone.
• Therefore restrict the possibilities of stress shielding

• Adequate bio-activity and bio-compatibility of the


composite suitable for the growth of osteoblast like cells
after implantation

• Major applications
• Soft tissue replacement (HAp/HDPE)
• Cartilage replacement
• Bone Cement (HAp/PMMA)
• TKR (UHMWPE – acetabular cup)
Mechanical properties of Polymeric biomaterials

Depends on several factors


• Molecular weight
• Cross-linking
• Linear Vs Branched
• Alternating Vs Block Vs Grafts
• Method of sterilizing ( temp 121-1800C) steam -- Autoclave),
chemical -- ethylene oxide) and radiation – gamma)

• Generally lower than metals and ceramics and not used in load
bearing applications (exception UHMWPE)
69%
22%

Challenge – Processing techniques


Cortical – outer shell

Cancellous bone –spongy bone –trabecular bone


Compression molding
Tribological Property Evaluation

UHMWPE-THR- Vs Hap/Polymer Composite

UHMWPE – Coarse debris

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