Heredity Hand Out- Double Allel :

Blood and Rhesus Type

Double Allel
Appearance of a characteristic is determined by a pair of gene. Those genes are found in
compared locus in homolog chromosome pair. Generally, those paired genes determine certain
characteristic. Example, the hair’s color of Rabbit.

C : Normal hair color / plain

cch : Kinkila

cH : Himalaya

c : Albino

Dominancy degree : C › cch › cH › c

Another example of Double Allel is Blood Type. There are three kind of blood type, ABO Blood Type,
Rhesus Blood Type and MNO Blood Type. After in XI Class we learned about how determine blood type
based medical test, now we will learn about genetically consideration in blood type.

ABO Blood Type System

Grouping of ABO Blood Type System is determined by the presence of antigen or aglutinogen in
eritrosit membrane as the expression of genes which is exist in its eritrosit chromosome. That gene is
gene I that can produce antigen formed as protein and called as isoaglutinin. Alells from I gene are I A , IB
and i. Alel i resesif than IA and IB , but alel IA is kodominan than IB.

Person who has IB alell can produce antigen B, and person who has I A alell can produce antigen
A. Person who has no those two alell just has i alell and cannot produce antigen.

So think, what antigen which can be produced by a person who has both of I A and IB
alell???

Product of interaction between those three alell causing four type of blood type, A,B,AB and O.

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

If a person has A blood type, that person has two possibilities of gene, I A IA and IA i. so does person that
has B blood type. Person who has O blood type, he/she has ii gene. And someone who has AB blood
type, she/he has IA IB gene.

If a women who has A blood type want to be married with a man with B blood type, the possibilities of
their children’s blood type are :

P (f) : A X B

(g) : IA I A x IB IB

F1 : IA I B

Blood Type : AB

OR,

P (f) : A X B

(g) : IA i x IB i

F1 : IA IB , IA i, IB i, ii

Blood Type : AB, A, B, O

Table of ABO Blood Type System

IA IA IA i IB IB IB i ii IA IB
IA IA IA IA IA IA ,IA i IA IB IA IB ,IA i IA i IA IA ,IA IB
IA i IA IA ,IA i IA i IA IB ,IB i IA IB ,IA i ,IB I, IA I, ii IA IA ,IA i
ii
B B A B A B B B B
I I I I I I ,I i I I IB IB IB i IA IB , IB IB
IB i IA IB ,IA i IA IB ,IA i ,IB I, IB IB ,IB i IB IB ,IB i IB i, ii IA IB ,IA i, IB IB
ii ,IB i
ii IA i IA I, ii IB i IB i, ii ii IA I, IB i
IA IB IA IA ,IA IB IA IA ,IA i IA IB ,IB IB ,IA IA IB ,IA i, IB IB IA I, IB i A A
I ,IA IB ,IB
IB ,IB i ,IB i IB
Case Study :

Mr. Alejandro married Mrs. Dolores and they planned to have kids. He has O blood type
HeredityMrs.
whereas HandDolores
Out - Double
has ABAllel
blood:Blood
type.and Rhesus
What Type
are the possibilities of their children?
Individual Task I :

1. Write your parent’s blood type inheritance so that you and your sibling got the blood type.
Write every possibilities !
Your Blood type :
Your sibling’s blood type :
Your Father’s blood type :
Your Mother’ blood type :
Possibilities scheme ( you may answer in another paper if the space isn’t enough) :

Rhesus Blood Type System

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

 Beside Antigen A and B, in human’s eritrosit there is also antigen Rh ( Rhesus Factor ). This
antigen firstly found in Macacca rhesus, a kind of monkey in India by Landsteiner and Wiener. Someone
is called Positive Rhesus if in his/her eritrosit found antigen Rh, who has no Rh antigen is called Negative
Rhesus.

Blood Type Antigen in Eritrosit Genotype

Rh Positive Presence Rh+ Rh+ or Rh+rh-

Rh negative Absent rh- rh-

Different in ABO Blood Type System, in this blood type system there is no anti substances inside the
plasm. But, someone who has Rhesus Negative can make some anti substance be stimulated with
antigen Rh. So if someone who has Rh Negative has transfused by Rh positive, that person wont be
allowed to be transfused to the second times because can causing agglutination and make that person
dies.

This case also usually happen in some married case. A mother who has Rh negative when
pregnant a baby with Rh positive will get some her baby’s blood from placenta when her baby born.
That blood will stimulate mother’s blood to produce anti substance. Her first baby ill born safely, but if
she have baby with Rh positive again, her anti substance inside her blood will damage the baby’s blood
and causing eritroblastosis fetalis. Eritroblastosis fetalis is a hemolisis event in blood and bad anemia.
The baby’s body will turn into yellow color because the limp duct is blocked and the limp liquid is sucked
by blood. Usually the baby will die during pregnancy, except this disorder early known so that th baby
has chance to safe. This disorder commonly happen in Indonesian women who married with
Europe/American Man.

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

MN Blood Type System

K. Landsteiner and P. Levine find this blood type system in 1927. Someone is called has M blood
type if that person has antigen M inside the eritrosit. Whereas someone is called has N blood type is
that person has N antigen inside the eritrosit. If there are both of two antigens, that person has MN
blood type. Presence of those antigens is not affected in clinical aspect because those two antigens can
not stimulate the production of anti substance. To test our blood whether it is M Blod type or N blood
type or MN blood type, we use anti substance that is isolated from rabbit’s blood which has been
stimulated with M or N antigen first.

Antigen type, Reaction with Antiserum, Blood Type and Genotype

Antigen Type Reaction with Antiserum Blood Type Genotype

Anti M Anti N
M + - M LM LM
M and N + + MN LM LN
N - + N LN LN

Key Sheet
Case Study

Case Study :

Mr. Alejandro married Mrs. Dolores and they planned to have kids. He has O blood type
Heredity
whereas Hand
Mrs.Out - Double
Dolores has Allel :Blood
AB blood andWhat
type. Rhesus
areType
the possibilities of their children?
Answer

P (f) : AB X O

(g) : IA I B x ii

F1 : IB i, IA i.

So they probably have kids with A and B Blood Type

Key :

Correct Scheme : 1

Correct Answer : 1

Weight :2

Total Maximum Score : 4

Value : score/4 x 100

Individual Task I

If student and sibling both of them have AB blood Type, so that the prediction is :

P (f) : A X B

(g) : IA I A x IB IB

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

F1 : IA I B

The Parent’s Blood Type are A and B with IA IA and IB IB genotype

If student and sibling both of them have A blood Type, so that the prediction is :

P (f) : A X O

(g) : IA I A x ii

F1 : IA i

So the Parent’s blood type are A and O with I A IA and ii genotype

Or,

P (f) : A X A

(g) : IA I A X IA I A

F1 : IA I A

So the Parent’s blood type is A with I A IA genotype

Or,

P (f) : A X A

(g) : IA I A X IA i

F1 : IA i, IA IA

So the parent’s Blood type is A with I A IA and IA i genotype

If student and sibling both of them have B blood Type, so that the prediction is :

P (f) : O X B

(g) : ii x IB IB

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

F1 : IB i

So the parent’s Blood type is O and B with ii and IB IB genotype

Or,

P (f) : B X B

(g) : IB IB x IB IB

F1 : IB IB

So the Parent’s blood type is B with ii and IB IB genotype

Or,

P (f) : B X B

(g) : IB IB x IB i

F1 : IB IB, IBi

So the Parent’s blood type is B with I B IB and IBi genotype

If student and sibling have A and B Blood type, so the prediction is :

P (f) : AB X O

(g) : IA I B x ii

F1 : IB i, IA i.

So the Parent’s blood type are O and AB with I A IB and ii genotype

Or,

P (f) : AB X B

(g) : IA I B x IB i

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

F1 : IA i, IB i

So the Parent’s blood type are AB and B with I A IB and IB i genotype

If student and sibling have AB Blood type, so the prediction is :

P (f) : AB X AB

(g) : IA I B x IA I B

F1 : IA I B

So the Parent’s blood type is AB with I A IB genotype

If student and sibling have A and O Blood type, so the prediction is :

P (f) : A X O

(g) : IA i x ii

F1 : IA i, ii

So the parent’s blood type are A and O

If student and sibling have B and O blood Type, so that the prediction is :

P (f) : O X B

(g) : ii x IB i

F1 : IB I, ii

So the parent’s Blood type is B and O with ii and IB i genotype

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

If student and sibling have AB, A Blood type, so the prediction is :

P (f) : AB X A

(g) : IA I B x IA I A

F1 : IA IB , IA IA

So the Parent’s blood type are AB and A with I A IB and IA IA genotype

If student and sibling have AB and B Blood type, so the prediction is :

P (f) : AB X B

(g) : IA I B x IB IB

F1 : IA I B , I B I B

So the Parent’s blood type are AB and B with I A IB and IB IB genotype

If student and sibling have AB, A and B Blood type, so the prediction is :

P (f) : AB X A

(g) : IA I B x IA i

F1 : IA IB , IA IA, IB i, IA i

So the Parent’s blood type are AB and A with I A IB and IA I genotype

If student and sibling have AB, A, B, O Blood type, so the prediction is :

P (f) : A X B

(g) : IA i x IB i

F1 : IA IB , IAi, IBi, ii

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type

The parent have A and B Blood Type with I A I and IB I genotype

Key :

Scheme correct : score 1

All Possibilities are Mentioned : score 2

Bobot : 2

Maximum score : 6

Value : score /6 x 100

Heredity Hand Out - Double Allel :Blood and Rhesus Type