Tuguegarao Archdiocesan Schools System

Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao, Inc.

Baggao, Cagayan, Philippines
Transforning Lives, Shaping the Future
Subject: SCIENCE Time Allotment: 4hrs.
Subject Teacher: CRISTEL ANNE V. PANAGSAGAN, LPT Grade & Section: 9
C.P #: 0935-7019-879

Module 1
The Respiratory System
I. Overview
Oxygen is an essential element to human and animals alike. It supports cellular functions in
every system of species’ body, assisting in the breakdown of complex molecules and allowing the
production of energy. In the human body, oxygen can play its role through the respiratory system.
The parts of the respiratory system that are in charge of supplying oxygen are the nose, nasal
passageways, windpipe, lungs, and diaphragm. In the nose and nasal passages, the entering air is
made warm, damp, and clean of unknown particles. Next, the air moves down through the trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
You may not always notice when respiration occurs, but for as long as you are breathing, the
process takes place on its own. Of course, it occurs only as oxygen passes through the different
parts of your respiratory system.
II. Intended Learning Outcomes:
Content Standard:
 How the different structures of the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to
transport oxygenated rich blood and nutrients to the different parts of the body.
 The prevention, detection, and treatment of diseases affecting the respiratory and
circulatory systems.
Performance Standard
 Students should be able to conduct an information dissemination activity on effective ways
of taking care of the respiratory and circulatory systems based on data gathered from the
school or local health workers.
Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to:
a. Identify the different parts and functions of the respiratory system.
b. Create a short story of the perspective of an oxygen molecule passing through the
different organs of the respiratory system
III. Learning Resources & References:
1. Ryan Noel A. Dona et.al,. (2019) Science in Everyday Living 9 Brilliant Creations
Publishing, Inc. page 5-14
2.” General Anatomy & Physiology-The Respiratory System” by WISC-Online at
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/natural-science/life-science/ap2404/respiratory-
system-gas-exchange
IV. Content/Lecture: (2 hrs.)
Lesson Focus:
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Parts and function of the Respiratory system
a. Nose f. Trachea
b. Nasal Cavity g. Bronchi
c. Pharynx h. Lungs
d. Epiglottis i. Bronchioles
e. Larynx j. Alveoli
2. The Breathing Process
a. Inhalation
b. Exhalation

Did you know that the pandemic that we are experiencing nowadays has something to do with our
lesson.
The Novel Corona Virus or also known as the COVID-19 is an alarming respiratory illness
similar to SARS and MERS-CoV.
People who got infected with COVID 19 developed a severe acute respiratory illness whose
symptoms include fever, shortness of breath, and dryness of throat leading to cough. The virus can
spread from person to person, even reaching neighbouring countries. Almost the whole world is
experiencing this kind of respiratory illness.

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

NASAL CAVITY
NOTE: (Please refer to your book on page 7 figure 1-2 trace how air enters our body)
As you know, air enters the body first through your nose or your mouth. Normally, people
breathe through the nose but do so through the mouth only when the passage in the nose is
congested. When the air passes through the nose, it moves further into the nasal cavity, a tunnel
that leads air to the inner parts of the respiratory tract.
NOTE: (Refer to figure 1-3 on page 7 It explains what happen when you sneeze)
From the nasal cavity, the inhaled air proceeds in quick succession through the pharynx,
epiglottis, and larynx.
If you can recall, the PHARYNX is a common passageway of food and air. It leads to two
passageways the ESOPHAGUS and TRACHEA.
NOTE: (Refer to your book figure 1-2 for the image of Pharynx and trachea)

Esophagus leads to the digestive system while the trachea leads to respiratory system.
Note: (Refer to page 8 read and understand about the Lower Respiratory Tract)

When you swallow the EPIGLOTTIS, a thin

cartilage that covers the air passage, prevents food
from entering the lungs.
The air proceeds to the LARYNX, a part of the
respiratory tract that contains the vocal cords.

 Did you know that air pushing out of the

lungs causes the cords to vibrate and make
sounds. The pitch of the voice changes with
the length and tension by the vocal cords.
 A short tence cords produce a highed
pitched voice. A deep voice is produced
when cords are long and more relaxed.

The larynx also links your pharynx to the

TRACHEA or the windpipe, a tube where the air
travels as it moves into the lungs. The function of
trachea is to filters the air further before allowing it
to enter the next passages.
[Refer to the picture beside]

Trachea is divided into 2 branches called

bronchi (sing.: bronchus).
These branches are made of cartilage that
diverges into the left and right lungs.
The bronchial tubes have a mucous lining and a tiny
hairs called cilia, which also filter the air to remove
the tiniest dust particles.
As air travels further, it passes through the BRONCHIOLES, which are smaller branches of
cartilage inside the lungs.
LUNGS- is the main organ of the respiratory system.

The main function of the lungs is to enable the process

of breathing, talking, singing or laughing by absorbing
the oxygen necessary for such actions.

NOTE: (Please refer to page 8 for more information

about the lungs)

ALVEOLI- are arranged like grapes on a stem.

NOTE: (Please refer to figure 1-5)
Alveoli are the gateways for oxygen to enter the body. It is also serve as the site of respiration in
the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
2. THE BREATHING PROCESS
Breathing is often the easiest thing to do if your respiratory system is functioning normally.
You can live without water for a few days and without food for more than a week, but you will die
immediately if you stop breathing for more than a few minutes.
Every minute, you breathe in about six liters of air. Without this frequent intake, the cells in
your body cells need a continuous supply of it to support its energy-producing processes. As a
result, your cells are able to perform all the vitals tasks that keep you alive.
Breathing involves two main processes- INHALATION and EXHALATION.
1. INHALATION- Note: (Please refer to figure 1-8 of your book page 11)
When you are breathing, the inner parts of your respiratory system, specifically the alveoli and
the lungs, contract and expand.
Outside the lungs, the rib cage and the diaphragm also contract in unison, enlarging the chest cavity.
This causes the air pressure inside your lungs to decrease in comparison with the pressure outside.
As a result, the air or the oxygen rushes into your respiratory system the moment you inhale.
The lungs transport the air into the alveoli, where the oxygen and carbon dioxide interchange.
The oxygen is taken into the bloodstream, and the carbon dioxide is released through the nasal
cavity.
2. EXHALATION-(Please refer to figure 1-8 of your book page 11)
When you breathe out, the lungs and the alveoli deflate.
The chest cavity, the rib cage, and the diaphragm relax, moving back to their original
positions.
The air pressure inside the body becomes greater than the air pressure outside and causes the air
inside to flow outwards. The carbon dioxide removed from the bloodstream is then expelled by the
lungs, expanding the diaphragm.

VI. Generalization:
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

INHALATION OF OXYGEN

Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea

Alveoli Bronchioles Lungs Bronchi

Oxygen is transported into the bloodstream,

while carbon dioxide is extracted from the blood.

Exhalation of Carbon Dioxide

VII. Pre- ASSESSMENT

A. Direction: Arrange the following respiratory processes in the correct sequence by numbering
the items 1-8. Send your answer via Messenger (Personal message)

_____________________ Air enters the alveoli.

_____________________ Carbon Dioxide is exhaled through the nose.
_____________________ Cilia and the mucous lining in the tubes trap the tiny dust particles in the
air before it enters the lungs.
_____________________The air moves further into small tubular branches called bronchioles.
_____________________The air passes through the bronchi or bronchial tubes.
_____________________ The diaphragm moves back in.
_____________________Air enters the nose through inhalation and the chest cavity expands.
_____________________Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the alveoli.
_____________________From the nasal cavity, air moves further into the pharynx and the trachea.