TALENT & OLYMPIAD EXAMS RESOURCE BOOK MATHEMATICS CLASSVII je BY) ner ee copies of this series SUT a CC) Revised EditionTALENT & OLYMPIAD EXAMS RESOURCE BOOK CLASS VII ACADEMYPublished by. Brain Mapping Academy #16-11-16/1/B, First Floor, Farhath Hospital Road, Saleem Nagar, Malakpet, Hyderabad~500 036. ‘€ 040-66135169,65165169. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.bmatalent.com © BRAIN MAPPING ACADEMY ALLRIGHTSRESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN : 978-93-82058-51-9 Every care has been taken by the compilers and Publishers to give correct, complete and updated information. In case there is any omission, printing mistake or any other error which might have crept in inadvertently, neither the compiler / publisher nor any of the distributors take any legal responsibility. Incase ofany dispute, all mattersare subjected to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts in Hyderabadonly. First Edition 2003 Second Edition : 2008 Revised Edition : 2015Publisher’s Note Sometimes the understanding of fundamental concepts alone does not help the students to crack the competitive exams as most of them are objective in structure. Students need rigorous training to familiarize themselves to the style of the exams they are attempting. The board exams which are of qualifying, but not competitive, nature do not completely address the needs of students in testing them in objective type format. To bridge this gap and to enable the students to face the reality of competitive exams, Brain Mapping Academy, brought out an all-objective questions reference book. crisp summary of the topics and useful equations were provided at the beginning of each chapter so that the students can memorize the important points. Care has been taken to design thought-provoking questions. These should help students to attain a deeper understanding of principles. The questions have been reviewed to fill the gaps in problem coverage and to build the confidence in the students. They have also been expanded to impart reasoning/logical/analytical skills. This book will cater all the requirements of the students who are approaching national/state level talent search examinations and all Olympiad exams. This book also complements the additional preparation needs of the students for the regular board exams. We took utmost care to make this the best resource book available for the talent / olympiad exams aspirants. We welcome criticism from the students, teacher community and educators, especially concerning any errors and deficiencies which may have remained in this edition and the suggestions for improvement for the next edition.This page is intentionally left blank.For Your Information ns Test+Assess- Achieve NATIONAL LEVEL SCIENCE TALENT SEARCH EXAMINATION ) Aim of this examination The focus on fundamentals is so important that without a firm understanding of them, a child cannot be expected to face the reality of the competitive world once he/she finishes the formal education. Even while opting for higher studies the student has to go through a complete scan of what he/she knows. Exams like IIT-JEE, AIEEE, AIIMS, AFMC, CAT, SAT, GRE, GMAT, etc. are so designed to test the fundamental strength of a student. Hence the need of the hour is building the fundamental base as strong as possible. A successful life emerges out from healthy and sound competition. Competition is the only way for the students to shake lethargy. It’s the only way to get introduced for manly worthiness. Firm standards in education and competition are the tonic for a promising and talented future. This exactly is the philosophy behind the Unified Council's NSTSE. [) Organisation National Science Talent Search Examination is conducted by Unified Council. Unified Council is India’s first ISO 9001 certified organisation in the educational testing and assessment. Since its inception, Unified Council has put together the best brains in an endeavour to make the younger generation fundamentally stronger and nourish their brains for a bright and enterprising future. Eligibility : Students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 are eligible to participate in this examination. Medium & Syllabus: This exam is conducted in only English medium and is suitable for all the students following CBSE/ICSE/State Board Syllabi. I Examination Pattern There will be a separate question paper for each class. All questions are objective-type multiple choice with no negative marking for wrong answers. Duration: 90 minutes Date » Conducted every year on the last Sunday of January. Test Centres : Spread across the country.DIVISION OF MARKS FORCLASSI FORCLASSES VITO X Mathematics 25 marks | Mathematics 25 marks General Science 15 Marks ae oo c 5 ee Biology 20 marks Mathematics 25 marks | General Questions: 10 marks General Science 25 Marks fone x& ae fs lathematics marks ea Physics 25 marks Mathematics 40 marks | Chemistry 2 25 marks General Science 35 Marks | General Questions 10 marks FORCLASSES IV&V FORCLASS XI & XIN(PCB) Biology 40 marks Mathematics 45 marks | physics Bs'inaie General Science 45 Marks | Chemistry 2 25 marks General Questions 10 marks} General Questions 10 marks I Infrastructure The Council makes use of ultra-modern equipment such as Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) equipment to evaluate the answer papers to proficiently assess students’ performance. The examination procedure is completely computerised. Unique Service from Unified Council: Unique analysis reports like Student's Performance Report for students, General School Re- port & Individual School Report for schools provided. These reports are very much helpful for students & schools to analyse their strengths and weaknesses. General Schoo! Report (GSR) analyses the performance of students participating in the exam (subject-wise and class-wise). The report, in graphical format will have Ogive and Histogram Graphs, which are useful to schools that wish to improve their students’ performance by benchmarking the areas of weaknesses and building upon them. Individual School Report (ISR) analyses the performance of a particular school when com- pared to the rest of the students participating in this examination (subject-wise, class-wise and question-wise). This report acts as a tool for the schools to improve their students’ perfor- mance in the future by benchmarking the areas of weaknesses and building upon them. ‘Awards & Scholarships: Top 100 members in each class will be awarded with Awards & Medals etc. o UNIFIED COUNCIL 4B 00 208 Cte Oto Fandom #16-11-16/1/B, Farhath Hospital Road, Saleem Nagar, Malakpet, Hyderabad-500 036 Phones :040-24557708, 24545862, 66139917 E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.unifiedcouncil.comCONTENTS Mathematics a - Integers... . 9-13 Fractions and Decimals... 14 - 20 Data Handling 22 - 26 Simple Equations 27-31 Lines and Angles... 33 - 40 Triangles anne 41-46 Congruence of Triangle: . 48-54 Comparing Quantities 55 - 59 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Rational Numbers 61- 66 3 . Practical Geometry - 67-71 = Perimeter and Area .. . 73-77 8 Algebraic Expression: - 78-82 s Exponents and Powers . 84-87 Symmetry . 88-93 Visualising Solid Shapes 95 - 101 ax Questions@stimulating-minds. 103 - 104 Model Test Paper .... 105 - 106 Explanatory Answers ..... wee 107 - 134This page is intentionally left blank.| Integers Synopsis © Natural numbers (N): Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, N=(1,2,3,4, cad Representation of natural numbers on a number line: To represent natural numbers on a number line we should draw a line and write the numbers at equal distances on it as shown. tt Ht tt 91273) 495 76) 7/8) 997140) 41 912 Whole Numbers (W): The set of natural numbers together with zero is known as the set of whole numbers. W= (0,1, 2, 3,......} ® Integers (2): The set containing negatives of natural numbers along with whole numbers is called the set of integers. +4, -3,-2,-1, 0,1,2,3,4, L L Negatives of natural Whole numbers numbers etc,, are called positive integers and are denoted by Z*. . 2? =[1,2,3,4, , 4, ... @te,, are called negative integers and are denoted by Z”. , - 2, - 1} Note: 1. Usually, negative numbers are placed in brackets to avoid confusion arising due to two signs in evaluations. e.g. 3+(-5)=-2 2. Ois not included in either Z’ or Z . Hence, i non-negative. () To represent quantities like profit, income, increase, rise, high, north, east, above, depositing, climbing and so on, positive numbers are used. 1. Integers 2 |PUR ELC ea) Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics di) To represent quantities like loss, expenditure, decrease, fall, low, south, west, below, withdrawing, sliding and so on, negative numbers are used. Note: 1. Oisneither positive nor negative. 2. The + sign is not written before a positive number. 3. and 0.3 are not integers as they are not whole numbers. @ Representation of integers on a number line: Integers are represented on the number line as shown. Ona number line when we (add a positive integer, we move to the right. (ii) add a negative integer, we move to the left. (ii) subtract a positive integer, we move to the left. (iv) subtract a negative integer, we move to the right. @ Properties of integers: 0 (iv) @™) wi) Closure property: Closure property is satisfied with respect to addition, subtraction and multiplication in the set of integers. Fora,be Z,a+be Z,a-be Zandaxbe Z. Commutative property: Commutative property is satisfied with respect to addition and multiplication in the set of integers. Ifa,be Z,thena+b=b+aandaxb=bxa. Associative property: Associative property is satisfied with respect to addition and multiplication in the set of integers. Ifa,b.c © Z,then a+ (b+c)=(a+b)+c=c+(b +a) and ax (bc) = (ax b) xc=cx(bxa). Distributive property: Multiplication is distributed over addition and subtraction in the set of integers. Fora, bandc € Z,a (b +c) = ab + ac anda (b-c) = ab~ac. Identity element: 0 is the identity under addition and 1 is the identity under multiplication. Forae Z,a+0= Multiplication by zero: For any integer a, a x 0 =0 x a=0. 1, IntegersPS CTU CE TCe ag cise -matematos \ Memes rcne tetra 000 O71 What do we calll the set of negative numbers and whole numbers? (A) Natural numbers (B) Integers (C) Positive numbers (0) The set of whole numbers. Which of the following is the smallest positive integer? (AO (8) 100 C)1 = (O)9 Where are the negative numbers located on a horizontal number line? (A) On the right of 0 (8) On the left of 0 (C) Above 0 (D) Below What is the opposite of earning & 100? (A) + & 100 (8) Profit of € 100 (C) Gain of 100 (0) Spending & 100 How is the withdrawal of 200 represented? (A) Depositing ¥ 200 (8) -% 200 (C) = 200 (D) -200 Which of the following is true with respect to -28 and -32? (A) -28 <-32 (B) -28 =-32 (C)-32>-28 (0) -28 >- 32 Where do we place the positive numbers ‘ona vertical number line with respect to 0? (A) Above (B) On its left side (C) On its right side (D) Below What is the representation of 30 km towards the west? (A) 30 km east (C) 30km What is the nature of the product of a negative integer by itself, odd number of times? (A) Positive (8) Negative (C) Non negative (0) Cannot be determined (8) -30 km (0) 30 1. Integers @®@ what is the nature of the product of a negative number by itself even number of times? (A) Negative (0 (C) Positive (0) Non-negative Calculate (-32) x (-4) x (-3) « 0 x (6). (A) 27648 (B) 276480 ©@o (0) -27648 If the dividend and the divisor have like signs, what is the sign of the quotient? (A) Positive (B) Negative (C) Zero (0) Indeterminate If the dividend and divisor have unlike signs, what is the sign of the quotient? (A) Positive ae (8) Negative ero (0) Indeterminate d Match the following. With respect to which of the following operations is closure property satisfied by the set of integers? (A) +x (8) + © +%,- (0) + What is the additive identity for the set of integers? (ayo (8) 1) (C1 (0) +10PUR ELC ea) Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics @ What is the sign of the product obtained Which of the following is the multiplicative identity in the set of integers? (A)1 (8) (-1) (JO (0) (-10) Whatis the value of 124 x 4-3 +118 + 2? (A) 552 (B) 496 (C) 553 (0) -553 Which of the following orders is used while evaluating an expression? (A) (1.0.08 (8) 00,01 © 0.00 OOU0 If a negative sign precedes a bracket, what happens to the terms inside it? (A) Their signs are changed. (8) The terms are reciprocated. (C) The signs remain the same. (0) The terms are doubled. If a positive sign precedes a bracket, what happens to the terms inside it? A) Signs of the terms will be changed. (8) Every term is reciprocated. (C) Every term will become zero. (0) No change occurs in any of the terms. What is the value of the expression 7 -[13 -{-2- 6 (6 of -5)}]? (A) -172 (8) 180 (C) 172 (D)0 What is the sign of the product of two integers with like signs? (A) Negative (8) Positive jo (0) Cannot be determined What is the sign of the product of two integers with unlike signs? (A) Negative (8) 0 (C) Positive (0) Cannot be determined Which of the following operations on integers satisfy the commutative property? (A)-=+ B)=* O+- O)+x Over which of the following operations is multiplication distributed in the set of integers? -+ B=x O+r- O)x+ ® ® when a positive integer is multiplied by -1? (A) Positive (8) Negative Oo (0) Non negative The sum of two integers is 62. If one of the integers is -48, what is the other? (A) 14 (B) -14 (C) -110 (0) 110 The product of two integers is -48. If one of the integers is -6, what is the value of the other? (A)1 (8)288 (C)O = (0)8 Aman walked 3 km towards North then, 8 km towards South. What is his final position with respect to his initial position? (A) 5 km towards East (B) 3 km towards South (C) 8 km towards North (0) 5 km towards South What is the smallest negative integer? (A) -1 (8) -10 jo (0) Does not exist Lae mel ido In a quiz, positive marks were given for correct answers and negative marks for incorrect answers. If Guru's scores in five successive rounds were 35, -10, -15, 20 and 5, what is his total score at the end? (A)25 (8) 35 (C) 45 (0) 55 Adeep well has steps inside it. A monkey is sitting on the topmost step (i.e., the first step). The water level is at the ninth step. If the monkey jumps 3 steps down and then jumps back 2 steps up, how many jumps does it have to make to reach the water level? 1 (9 (€)7 (5 1, Integersroom temperature be lowered from 4°C at the rate of 5°C every hour. What is the room temperature after 10 hours? (A) 0°C (B) -5°C () -10°C (0)-15°C In aclass test containing 10 questions, 3 marks are awarded for every correct answer and (-1) mark is awarded for every incorrect answer and 0 for the questions not attempted. Srinu gets two correct and six incorrect answers out of. eight questions he attempts. What is his total score? (AO (2 C2 M6 5} What should be multiplied by (-12) in order to get 180? (A158) -15 ()16 (0) -16 A lift descends into an underground floor at the rate of 6 metres per minute. If the descent starts from 10 metres above the ground level, how much time will it take to descend 350 metres? (A) 30 minutes (8) 50 minutes. (©) 1 hour (0) 1 hour 30 minutes BMA's Talent & Olymy PS CTU CE TCe ag Class VII - Mathematics \' 6 A certain freezing process requires that The temperature at 12 noon was 10°C above zero. Ifit decreases at the rate of 2 °C per hour until midnight, what would be the temperature at 9 p.m.? (A) -8°C (8) -6°C (C) &C (0) &C What is the identity element with respect to subtraction in integers? (A) 0 (8) 1 @O-7 (D) Does not exist Which of the following statements holds. correct? (QNcWeZ (8) ZCNcW ()WcNcZ (0) ZC WEN The quotient of two numbers is (-17). If one of the numbers is (-340), what is the other number? (A) 20 (8) 17 (C) (20) (D) (-30) ooo 1. Integers2 Fractions and Decimals Synopsis © Afraction is a part of a whole. © Anumber of the form mr where p and q are whole numbers and q#0 is known as a fraction. @ Inthe fraction qi Pp is called the numerator and q is called the denominator. The numerator tells us how many parts are considered of the whole. © The denominator tells us how many equal parts the whole is divided into. Note: Usually fractions are written in their lowest terms. ‘The numerator and the denominator of a fraction in its lowest terms are coprime. That is, their H.C.F. is 1. © Types of fractions: @ Gi) jw) w ‘Simple fraction: A fraction in its lowest terms is known as a simple fraction. 125 4 25'7 3 etc, Decimal fraction: A fraction whose denominator is 10, 100, 1000 etc, is called a decimal fraction. 37 2h 431 ®3" 79" 700'1000'1000 °~ Vulgar fractior fraction whose denominator is a whole number other than 10, 100, 1000, etc., is called a vulgar fraction. Improper fraction: A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator is called an improper fraction. 11 25 41 53 >See ©" 712" 36" 53 2. Fractions and DecimalsBMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics (vi) Mixed fraction: A number which can be expressed as the sum of a natural number and a proper fraction is called a mixed fraction. 9 6 Tay lee etc, 3 eg. 19 (vii) ike fractions: Fractions having the same denominator but different numerators are called like fractions. (vill) Unlike fractions: Fractions having different denominators are called unlike fractions. 2 a? = etc., "S713 ¢ Animportant property: Ifthe numerator and denominator of a fraction are both multiplied by the same non zero number, its value is not changed. 3_3x2_3x3_ 3x4 Thus, "4x2" 4x3 4x4 @ Equivalent fractions: A given fraction and the fraction obtained by multiplying (or dividing) its numerator and denominator by the same non-zero number, are called equivalent fractions. . . 9 3 6 12 ©.9,, Equivalent fractions of 75 a@ 4.5146 — Method of changing unlike fractions to like fractions: Step 1: Find the L.C.M. of the denominators of all the given fractions. Step 2: Change each of the given fractions into an equivalent fraction having denominator equal to the LCM. of the denominators of the given fractions. u e.g., Convert the —_ a9 Z and 3 => _ into like fractions. LoMweGendigesy tee se% 5_5x6_ 30. 7_7x4 11 _11x3 _ 33 Now, = eo As. 6 6x6 36° 9 9x4 “zen 1212x336 30 2833 ee Clearly, 351 35 24 3g are lke fractions. — Irreducible fractions: A fraction 3 is said to be irreducible or in lowest terms, if the H.C.F of a and b is 1. They are also called simple fractions. If H.CF. of a and b is not 1, then . is said to be reducible. Comparing fractions: Let = and = be two given fractions. Then, oz q 7 ad> be i) B= Seo ad = be (i) 3 < So ad < be 2. Fractions and Decimals 15 |DN Ee eR Cees Class VII - Mathematics Method of comparing more than two fractions: Step 1: Find the LCM. of the denominators of the given fractions. Let it be m. Step 2: Convert all the given fractions into like fractions, each having m as denominator. Step 3: Now, if we compare any two of these like fractions, then the one having larger numerator is larger. Addition and subtraction of fractions: () Add/Subtract like fractions: To add/subtract like fractions, add/subtract the numerators and place the sum/ difference on the same denominator as that of the given fractions. a) Add 2 ana 2. iz 7 ae 7 Min e.g.,(2) Subtract = from 6_4_ 6-4 7 7 (ii) Add/Subtract unlike fractions: To add/subtract unlike fractions, first convert them into like fractions and proceed as in (i). eg. (1) Add 2, Zand? LCM a 4 5 nd Tis 105. D2 ,3. 38,42, 45 35442445 122 sper a0e ane hans ADE 08 ©.g.,(2) Subtract 2 trom 2. 7_3_7-9 3-3-3 () Multiplying a whole number with a proper or an improper fraction: To multiply a whole number with a proper or an improper fraction, we multiply the whole number with the numerator of the fraction, keeping the denominator same. 4_12_4 eg, x a2 2a5 (i) Multiplying a whole number by a mixed fraction: To multiply a whole number by a mixed fraction, first convert the mixed fraction to an improper fraction and then multiply. eg, Wx2d-14 tl - =34 2. Fractions and DecimalsBMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VII - Mathematics (ii) Multiplying a fraction by a fraction: The product of two or more fractions is the product of their numerators divided by the product of their denominators expressed in lowest terms i. in the lowest terms. Calculating fractional part of a quantity: To know the fractional part of a quantity, the fraction and the quantity are multiplied. : and . are the fractions then their product is =; ‘expressed 1 eg, 5 FF 9M= TEx 90 = 730 3 @ Reciprocal of a fraction: Two fractions are said to be the reciprocal of each other, if their product is 1 4 na? 49 ©.9 3 aNd are the reciprocals of each other, since | 5 x7 a In general, if > is a non-zero fraction, then its reciprocal is ~ 2 ‘Note: Reciprocal of 0 does not exist. @ Division of fractions: ( _ Divisionof a whole number by any fraction:To divide awhole number by a fraction, we have to multiply the whole number by the reciprocal of the given fraction. 12203412 23x55 eg, 342223 2-828 Division of a fraction by a whole number: To divide a fraction by a whole number, we have to multiply the given fraction by the reciprocal of the whole number. 22 51 an improper fraction and then divide. Division of a fraction by another fraction: To divide a fraction by another fraction, we have to multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second. 13.5 65 121 2. Fractions and DecimalsPUR ELC ea) ple Choice Questions Which of the following is true with respect to 2 and 137 eS (a) 2513 @) 9-13 ” 16 5 8 16 5 © 2<8 OM B<2 16 5 16 Which of the following is the improper fraction form of 12 t ? 72 61 108 85 AF OF OF OF What isthe sum of 2, 2 and12 1 31 13 412 35 8 355 © 255 © a25 13 u is Si 3B ang Uo What is the difference of 5 and 3°? 58 8 26 A i058) 5395 © 35 Which of the following is a proper fraction ? o8 28 2 16 34 (A) is (8) B © 7 OF dl ad What is the product of 13, 35 and 2? 18 19 19 18 (A) 354 (8) 255 ©) 355 (20 Guru reads Zor a book. He finds that there are still 80 pages left to be read. What is the total number of pages in the book ? (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 300 (D) 400 What is + of 49 litres? (A)12 (8) 52 (C)7L (OGL Exams Resource Book ®@ ‘What should be added to Ftomake it 8 Class VII - Mathematics EW WoyA Indian cricket team won 4 more matches than it lost with New Zealand. If it won 3 § of its matches, how many matches did India play ? (A) 8 (8) 12 (C) 16 (D) 20 What is the product of a fractional number and its reciprocal? (A) (8) same number @1 (0) undefined 2 6, a 26 6 5 7 AF O87 OF OF What are fractions with different denominators called? (A) Like (8) Unlike (©) Proper (0) Improper 8 What is the equivalent fraction of 7 having the numerator 40? 40 44 40 10 HF Oy OF OF What do you call the fractions which have one as the numerator? (A) Like fractions (8) Unlike fractions (C) Unit fractions (0) Equal fractions In which of the following fractions is the numerator greater than the denominator? (A) Like (8) Improper (C) Proper (D) Mixed 1 ©@ § of anumber is 5. what isthe number? (A) 5 (9 (©14 (0)45 © Giventhat a = which of these is true? (A) pq=st (8) ps=qt (© pt=sq —@) E=8 2. Fractions and DecimalsBMA's Talent & Olymy Pe Catt Class Vil - Mathematics \' ® What should be added to 3 to get ah? 3 1 2 2 As BM; OF M3 ® If ad , what is the value of x? 1 (A)51 (8B) 7 (C) 44 (0) 28 ® What is the lowest form of % 2 6 7 OF OF ©) in wnich of the following does the shaded part represent one third of its whole? “ []: ® i © A off) How many parts should be shaded in the figure B to make it represent the same fraction as the unshaded part of wz @} the figure A? Figure A Figure B a3@856 ©8 Or Madhavi eats one full bar of chocolate. Then she divides another one into 5 equal parts and eats 3 of them. What is the total number of chocolates that she has eaten? 4 3 8 8 As Os OF OG How many one-fourths need to be added to on to make 5? ® () 3 @& 4 ©5 on © Betweenwhichtwonumbers does ie? (A) 1and2 ——(®) Zana (©) 3and4 (0) 11and 12 2. Fractions and Decimals (26-27): Look atthe alphabets given. PRASAD What fraction of alphabets are made of 3 straight lines? Ayer OF oF @ What fraction of alphabets are made of semicircles and straight lines ? 1 2 5 4 W> OF OF OF Which of the following is an improper fraction? (A) & 6) © A 1) ® What does the shaded part of the following strip represent? Which of the following statements is true? (A) Fractions with the same numerator are called like fractions. (8) Fractions with the same deno- minator are called unlike fractions. (C)_ Difference of two like fractions difference of numerators ~ commondenominator (0) A fraction with the numerator greater than or equal to the deno- minator is called a proper fraction.