Scribd
Upload
1K views4 pages

Refractive Index in Mixture Separation

This lab report details an experiment to determine the percentage composition of ethanol-water binary mixtures using refractive index measurements. Abbe's refractometer was used to measure the refractive index of samples with varying ethanol-water ratios. A graph of refractive index versus percentage composition showed a linear relationship. Material properties like refractive index, density, and molar refraction are reported for ethanol and water. The percentage composition of an unknown mixture was then determined based on its refractive index.

Uploaded by

Ehtesham Rashid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views4 pages

Refractive Index in Mixture Separation

This lab report details an experiment to determine the percentage composition of ethanol-water binary mixtures using refractive index measurements. Abbe's refractometer was used to measure the refractive index of samples with varying ethanol-water ratios. A graph of refractive index versus percentage composition showed a linear relationship. Material properties like refractive index, density, and molar refraction are reported for ethanol and water. The percentage composition of an unknown mixture was then determined based on its refractive index.

Uploaded by

Ehtesham Rashid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Zainab Javed

19pwche1401

Separation process lab report


Lab report: 01

Submitted to: [Link] Daud

 Abstract:

This experiment is performed to determine the percentage composition of binary mixture


(ethanol -water) by measuring the refractive index with the help of abbe’s refractometer and
then graph is plotted between percentage composition and refractive index.

Introduction:
 .Distillation:

Distillation refers to the selective boiling and subsequent condensation of a component in a


liquid mixture

 Binary mixture:

A binary mixture is a kind of homogenous mixture, in which the mixture of two liquid is
completely miscible with each other.

 Refractive index:
The refractive index is the measure of bending of a light ray when passing from one medium to
another. Or the ratio of the velocity of a light ray in an empty space to the velocity of light in a
substance, n = c/v
Zainab Javed
19pwche1401

It is symbolically represent as n or n’ .refractive index is a dimensionless number and measure


by using Snell’s law.

n=c/v
n = sini /sin r
R = n-1/ n2 + 1. 1/ ꝭ

Rm = n2 -1 / n2 +1 .[Link]/ꝭ

 Abbe refractometer:

This instrument measures the refractive index and mean dispersion values of transparent and
translucent liquids or solids.

 Result and discussion:

no of
samples Temperatur component componen Percentage Refractive Unknown
e A(Ethanol t B(H2 O) composition index
)
(ml) (%) (n) (n)
(0C) (ml)
1 22.4 0 10 100 1.34
2 23.4 2 8 80 1.348
3 24.8 4 6 60 1.358
1.358
4 24.9 6 4 40 1.363
5 25 8 2 20 1.367
6 26 10 0 0 1.37

 Graph:
Zainab Javed
19pwche1401

refractive index vs percentage composition (%)based on


water

1.38
1.37
refractive index(n)

1.37
1.36
1.36
1.35
1.35
1.34
1.34
1.33
1.33
percentage composition based on water(%)

Sample ꝭ n R Rm
3 3
(m /kg) (m /mol)

H2 o 1000 1.33 0.000283 0.00510

ethanol 789 1.36 0.0008268 0.03809

As we change the percentage composition of the sample its refractive index also change.

 Conclusion:

The percentage composition of unknown mixture is

 References:

http:// [Link]
[Link] . Physical optics .com
Zainab Javed
19pwche1401

 Notations:

n = refractive index =no unit


C = speed of light =m/s
V = speed of light in medium =m/s
R = specific refraction =m3 /kg
Rm = molar refraction =m3 /mol

 Sample calculations:

You might also like