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States of Matter: Heating and Cooling Curves: Properties

Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - which differ in their physical properties like volume, shape, and particle movement. Matter can change states by heating and cooling as temperature changes the kinetic energy of particles. Heating causes solids to melt into liquids and liquids to boil into gases, while cooling reverses this by causing gases to condense to liquids and liquids to freeze into solids. These state changes occur at specific melting and boiling points, except for sublimation which is the direct change between solid and gas states. Heating and cooling curves plot temperature over time to illustrate these state changes.

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58 views3 pages

States of Matter: Heating and Cooling Curves: Properties

Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - which differ in their physical properties like volume, shape, and particle movement. Matter can change states by heating and cooling as temperature changes the kinetic energy of particles. Heating causes solids to melt into liquids and liquids to boil into gases, while cooling reverses this by causing gases to condense to liquids and liquids to freeze into solids. These state changes occur at specific melting and boiling points, except for sublimation which is the direct change between solid and gas states. Heating and cooling curves plot temperature over time to illustrate these state changes.

Uploaded by

AIDYN TV
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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States of matter: heating and cooling curves

Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas, which have differences in their physical
properties.
Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the
chemical composition of the substance, for e.g. shape, volume, density, compressibility,
solubility, melting point and boiling point.
Table 1: The properties of the three states of matter
Property Solid Liquid Gas
Volume Definite Definite Variable – expands to
fill container
Shape Definite Takes shape of Takes shape of entire
container bottom, container
surface is always
horizontal
Expansion/compressio Very difficult to Can be expanded of Very easily expanded
n expand or compress compressed slightly or compressed
Arrangement of Packed closely Randomly arranged Randomly arrange
particles together in a regular with small spaces with large spaces
way between between
Forces of attraction Strong Fairly weak Very weak
between particles
Movement of particles Vibrate – possess Move slowly – Move rapidly –
very small amounts possess medium possess large amounts
of kinetic energy amounts of kinetic of kinetic energy
energy
Two-dimensional
representation of
particles
Changing state:
Matter can be changed from one state to another by heating or cooling. A change of state is
caused by a change in temperature, which changes the kinetic energy of the particles.

Matter can change from solid to liquid to gas with the addition of heat.
Matter can change from gas to liquid to solid with the removal of heat.
The names given to the processes which cause the change from one state to another are:
 Melting
 Boiling
 Condensation
 Freezing
 Sublimation
Melting and boiling occur at specific temperatures known respectively as:

 Melting point
 Boiling point
Sublimation is the change in sate straight from a solid to a gas, or from a gas straight to a solid,
without passing through the liquid state. It occurs in compounds with weak forces of attraction
between their molecules.
Heating curve:
A heating curve is obtained when the temperature of a solid is measured at intervals as it is
heated and changes states to a liquid and then to a gas, and the temperature is then plotted
against time.

Figure 1: The heating curve for water


Cooling curve
A cooling curve is obtained when the temperature of a gas is measured at intervals as it is cooled
and changes state to a liquid and then to a solid, and the temperature is then plotted against time.

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