B.

Tech – Electrical Engineering

Semester – V

Course Code: 20EE302P

Course Name: Power Electronic Converters Laboratory
ACY: 2021-2022

NAME:- Riya Chauhan

ROLL NO:- 19BEE109D

Department of Electrical Engineering

School of Technology
Pandit Deendayal Energy University
 Course Code: 20EE302P
Course Name: Power Electronic Converters Laboratory
Index
Sr. Date Title of Experiment CO Page Marks Sign
No

1 10/9/21 To design and implement dc power supply with the CO1 1to10
help of BJT and regulator ICs.
2 2/10/21 To determine holding and latching current of SCR CO2 11to16
and demonstrate the static V-I Characteristic of SCR
3 18/10/21 To design and implement gate drive circuit for CO3 17to
MOSFET 23
4 21/11/21 To demonstrate the operation of 3-Phase CO4 24
Uncontrolled Rectifier Feeding R-Load to32
5 21/11/21 To demonstrate the operation of 3-Phase Controlled CO4 33to
Rectifier Feeding R-Load, R-L load and R-L load 36
with freewheeling diode
6 21/11/21 To demonstrate the operation of buck, boost and CO4 37to
buck-boost converter 40
7 24/11/21 To carry out simulation study related to power CO5 41 to
electronic converters (Buck dc-dc Converter) CO6
41
8 24/11/21 To carry out simulation study related to power CO5 43 to
electronic converters (1-phase Half Bridge Inverter) 45
9 25/11/21 To demonstrate the operation of 3-phase inverter CO4 46
with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique to47
10 To study the application of power converters in CO1 48
different applications

Name and Sign of Faculty

 NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D
Date: 8/09/2021

Experiment – 1

AIM: To design and implement dc power supply with the help of BJT and regulator ICs.

EQUIPMENTS/COMPONENTS/INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. No. Item Specifications Quantity

1 Step Down Transformer Single phase, 230/12V 1
2 Diodes 1N4001 (1A, 50V) 4
3 Capacitor 1000µF, 35V 1
4 7805 IC 1A, 35V 1
5 BJT -- 1
Resistors 1KΩ 1
Breadboard -- 1
Multimeters DT-9205A 1
Connecting Wires Single strand 22AWG hook-up wire --

SIMULATION SOFTWARE USED: PSIM software

KEY SEPCIFICATIONS of 7805 IC:

Characteristic Symbol Norm Unit
Max Typ Min
Output Voltage(Tj=25°C) Vo 4.8 5.2
Output Voltage (5.0mA≤Io≤1.0A,Po≤15W) Vo 4.75 5.25
7.0V≤Vin≤20V
Line Regulation(Tj=+25°C) 7.0V≤Vin≤25 V ΔVv 100 mV
8.0 V≤Vin≤12 V 50
Load Regulation(Tj=+25°C) ΔVi 100 mV
5.0mA≤Io≤1.5A 50
0.25A≤Io≤0.75A
Quiescent Current(Tj=+25°C) Ib 8.0 mA
Quiescent Current Change7.0 V≤Vin≤25 V ΔIb 1.3 mA
5.0mA≤Io≤1.0 A 0.5
Dropout Voltage(Io=1.0A,Tj=+25°C) Vi-Vo 2.0
Short Circuit Current Limit(Ta=+25°C),Vin=35V Isс 0.4
Peak Output Current(Tj=+25°C) Imax 2.2
Average Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage TCVo 0.3 mV/°C
dc power supply with 7805 regulator IC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Check the supply voltage from source panel with multimeter whose expected value is 230 V.
2. Connect the transformer and check the secondary voltage.
3. Check the diodes polarity and connect the bridge circuit on the breadboard.
4. Connect the secondary side of transformer to the diode bridge circuit
5. Turn ON the ac supply and measure the voltage across the output terminals of diode bridge rectifier.
6. Switch OFF the ac supply.
7. Connect the capacitor with correct polarity across the diode bridge and measure the voltage across
the capacitor.
8. Turn ON the ac supply and measure the voltage across the capacitor.
9. Switch OFF the ac supply.
10. Check that the capacitor is discharge, then connect the 7805 IC in the circuit as shown in the circuit
diagram.
11. Turn ON the ac supply and measure the voltage across the pin 1 and 2 (input to 7805 IC), 3 and 2
(output of 7805 IC) and pin 1 and 3.
12. Switch OFF the supply and disconnect the circuit connections after ensuring that the voltage across
the capacitor is zero.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

dc power supply with 7805 regulator IC

Sr. No. Voltage Type Measured Expected

(ac/dc) Value Value
Vsupply ac 12.60V 17.81V
Vsecondary ac 11.14V 15.75V
Vcapacitor dc 16.78V 18.00V
V12 dc 4.99 5.00V
 V32 dc 4.95 5.00
V13 dc 4.97 5.00

dc power supply with BJT

SIMULATION DIAGRAM:

OBSERVATION TABLE – 2:
Pulse Generator Details: Frequency Duty Cycle Time Period Turn ON Time Turn OFF Time
5000 Hz 29.5% 200 µs 59 µs 141 µs

OBSERVATION TABLE – 3:
Sr. No. Voltage Type Measured
(ac/dc) Value
Vsupply ac 230.0V
Vsecondary ac 11.99V
Vcapacitor dc 16.95V
Vload (average) dc 4.996V
Vload (maximum) dc 16.95V
Vload (minimum) dc 0.0V

Waveforms :
 400

Conclusions:

Hence we conducted the experiment and we have seen

how to design and implement dc power supply with the
help of BJT and 7805 IC. The values related to the
experiment is in the observation table.
Task:
1. Attach a graph-sheet containing waveforms for the circuit diagram
involving 7805 IC.
 Transient analysis: 1(1 0) 1(1 2) 1(1 4) 1( 9) (A)

0 1 2 3 4 5
time (s)

Transient analysis: 1(5) (A)

-2

0 1 2 3 4 5
time (s)
Transient analysis: 1(5) (A)

time (s)
 2. Attach a separate sheet stating the key points comparing the pros and
cons of the three methods discussed to obtain 5V dc voltage from 230V
ac supply.
ANS: The different method to obtain 5V dc voltage from 230 V ac voltage are:-
1) Step down the voltage level
2) Smoothing the ripples using filters
3) Convert AC to DC
1. Step down the Voltage Level
The step-down converters are used for converting the high voltage into low
voltage. The converter with output voltage less than the input voltage is called as
a step-down converter, and the converter with output voltage greater than the
input voltage is called as step-up converter. There are step-up and step-down
transformers which are used to step up or step down the voltage levels. 230V AC
is converted into 12V AC using a step-down transformer. 12V output of stepdown
transformer is an RMS value and its peak value is given by the product of square
root of two with RMS value, which is approximately 17V.

Step-down transformer consists of two windings, namely primary and secondary

windings where primary can be designed using a less-gauge wire with more
number of turns as it is used for carrying low-current high-voltage power, and the
secondary winding using a high-gauge wire with less number of turns as it is used
for carrying high-current low-voltage power. Transformers works on the principle
of Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.

230V AC power is converted into 12V AC (12V RMS value wherein the peak
value is around 17V), but the required power is 5V DC; for this purpose, 17V
AC power must be primarily converted into DC power then it can be stepped
down to the 5V DC. But first and foremost, we must know how to convert AC
to DC? AC power can be converted into DC using one of the power electronic
converters called as Rectifier. There are different types of rectifiers, such as half-
wave rectifier, full-wave rectifier and bridge rectifier. Due to theadvantages of
the bridge rectifier over the half and full wave rectifier, the bridge rectifier is
frequently used for converting AC to DC.
Bridge rectifier consists of four diodes which are connected in the form a bridge.
We know that the diode is an uncontrolled rectifier which will conduct only
forward bias and will not conduct during the reverse bias. If the diode anode
voltage is greater than the cathode voltage then the diode is said to be in forward
bias. During positive half cycle, diodes D2 and D4 will conduct and during negative half
cycle diodes D1 and D3 will conduct. Thus, AC is converted into DC; here the
obtained is not a pure DC as it consists of pulses. Hence, it is called as pulsating DC
power. But voltage drop across the diodes is (2*0.7V) 1.4V; therefore, the peak
voltage at the output of this rectifier circuit is 15V (17-1.4) approx.

3. Smoothing the Ripples using Filter

15V DC can be regulated into 5V DC using a step-down converter, but before
this, it is required to obtain pure DC power. The output of the diode bridge is a
DC consisting of ripples also called as pulsating DC. This pulsating DC can be
filtered using an inductor filter or a capacitor filter or a resistor-capacitor-
coupled filter for removing the ripples. Consider a capacitor filter which is
frequently used in most cases for smoothing.

We know that a capacitor is an energy storing element. In the circuit, capacitor

stores energy while the input increases from zero to a peak value and, while
the supply voltage decreases from peak value to zero, capacitor starts
discharging. This charging and discharging of the capacitor will make the
pulsating DC into pure DC, as shown in figure.
 NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D

Experiment – 2

Aim : To determine the (i) holding and latching current, (ii) Forward breakover voltage and (iii) on-state voltage drop
of a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) and to demonstrate its static V-I Characteristic.

Equipments/Components/Instruments Required:
Sl. Item Part No. Specifications Quantity
No.
1 Variable dc Power Supply 0-30 V 02
SCR 2N6400 model 01
Resistor/s 150 ohms, 3200 ohms 02
LED
Digital Storage Oscilloscope -
Digital Multi-Meter 0-30 V 02
(as voltmeter)
Digital Multi-Meter 0-200 Ma 02
(as ammeter)
Connecting wires As per need
Bread Board 01

Circuit Diagram:

1. Forward BiasedSCR

2. Reverse BiasedSCR
 3. Pin Diagram and SwitchSymbol

Technical Specifications of SCR:

Part No. :

Maximum Rating
Symbol Min Typ Max Units
Peak Repetitive Off State Voltage VDRM, 50
(TJ = -40 to 125°C, Sine Wave 50 to 60 Hz; Gate Open) VRRM
On State RMS Current IT(RMS) 16
(180° Conduction Angle; TC = 100°C)
Average On State Current IT(AV) 10
(180° Conduction Angle; TC = 100°C)
Peak Non-Repetitive Surge Current ITSM 160
(1/2 Cycle, Sine Wave 60 Hz, TJ= 90°C)
Operating Junction Temperature TJ -4 25 125 °C
Circuit Fusing (t = 8.3 ms) I2t 145 A2s

Electrical Characteristics (OFF Characteristics)

Peak Repetitive Forward or Reverse Blocking Voltage VDRM, 50
VRRM
Electrical Characteristics (ON Characteristics)
Peak Forward On State Voltage VTM - - 1.7 V
(ITM = 32 A Peak, Pulse Width ≤ 1 ms, Duty Cycle ≤ 2%)
Gate Trigger Voltage (Continuous DC) VGT
(VD = 12 Vdc, RL =100 Ohms) TC =25°C - 0.7 1.5
TC=(-40°)C - - 2.5
Gate Trigger Current (Continuous DC) IGT
(VD = 12 Vdc, RL =100 Ohms) TC =25°C 9.0 30 mA
TC=(-40°)C 60
Holding Current IH
(VD = 12 Vdc, Initiating Current =200mA, TC =25°C 18 40 mA
GateOpen) TC=(-40°)C 60
Turn On Time tgt 1.0 µs
(ITM = 16 A, IGT = 40 mAdc, VD = Rated VDRM)
Turn OFF Time tq
(ITM = 16 A, IR = 16 A, VD = RatedVDRM) TC=25°C 15 µs
TJ =125°C 35
Features:
- Silicon ControlledRectifier
- Short Form:SCR
- UnidirectionalDevice
- Semi-controlledDevice
- Current ControlledDevice

V-I Characteristics of SCR:

Definitions:
1. Silicon Controlled Rectifier: Silicon controlled rectifier is a semi-controlled power electronics switch
having two power terminals (A-anode, K-cathode) and one control terminal (G-gate) intended to conduct
when it is forward biased and gate pulse isapplied.
2. Holding Current: Holding current is the maximum value of anode to cathode current that must flow through
the SCR operating in forward conduction mode for it to stay in forward conduction mode without entering
into any other mode ofoperation.
 3. Latching Current: It is the minimum value of the anode to cathode current that must be attained by a forward
biased SCR before the removal of the gate pulse for it to be continue in forward conduction region even after
the removal of the gate pulse without entering to forward blockingregion.
Procedure:
Forward Blocking Mode
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram -1.
2. Ensure that the output voltage of the variable dc power supply is set at0V.
3. Also, the gate circuit is to be kept opencircuited.
4. Switch on the single phase ac supply to the variable dc powersupply.
5. Gradually increase the output voltage of the variable dc power supply and note down the voltage across and
current flowing through the SCR. These are the readings correspond to the SCR operation in forward
blockingstate.
6. Also, note down the loadvoltage.

Forward Conduction Mode

7. Ensure that the output voltage of the variable dc power supply is set at20V.
8. The gate circuit is to beclosed.
9. Switch on the single phase ac supply to the variable dc power supply for the gatecircuit.
10. Gradually increase the output voltage of the variable dc power supply for the gate circuit and note down the
voltage across and current flowing through the SCR. These are the readings correspond to the SCR operation
in forward blockingstate.
11. Also, note down the load voltage, gate voltage and gatecurrent.
12. If the voltage across the SCR is greater than the forward break over voltage corresponding to the gate current,
the SCR will enter the forward conduction state. This is evident from the marked reduction in voltage drop
across the SCR and increase in the value of loadvoltage.
13. Observe the voltage across SCR. The voltage which appears across the SCR during the ON state is the ON
state voltagedrop.
14. Keep increasing the gate voltage till30V.

Determination of Holding Current

15. Now gradually reduce the dc supply voltage of power circuit. The SCR will continue toconduct.
16. Note down the voltage across and current flowing through theSCR.
17. At one particular of dc supply voltage, the SCR will turn OFF. The value of current flowing through the
SCR, just before it turned off is the holdingcurrent.

Determination of Latching Current

18. Ensure that the dc output voltage iszero.
19. Now, increase the output voltage of the variable dc supply to1V.
20. Ensure that the gate should be connected to thesupply.
21. Observe the voltage across and current flowing through theSCR.
22. Now remove the gate pulse and observe the voltage across and current flowing through the SCR. The SCR
will turn OFF, once the gate pulse isremoved.
23. Observe the voltage across theSCR.
24. Now gradually increase the dc supply voltage and repeat the procedure asinstructed.
25. At one value of dc voltage, the SCR will not turn OFF even if the gate pulse is removed. In this case, the
current flowing through the SCR is latching current.
26. Note down the necessaryreadings.
27. Reduce the dc voltage to zero and switch off the variable dcsupply.
 28. Switch OFF the ac supply.

Reverse Blocking Mode

29. Make the connections as per circuit diagram -2.
30. Ensure that the output of the variable dc power supply has zero outputvoltage.
31. Gradually increase the dc voltage and note down the voltage across and current flowing through the SCR.
32. Also, note down the loadvoltage.
33. Take readings till the dc voltage is30V.
34. Then reduce the dc voltage to zero and switch off the variable dcsupply.
35. Switch OFF the ac supply.

Observation Table:

Forward Blocking Mode (𝑹𝑮 = 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑲Ω 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝑳 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐. 𝟒 Ω)

𝐼𝐺 = 0 − 20𝑚𝐴 𝐼𝐴𝐾 = 0 − 200𝑚𝐴
𝑽𝑺 𝑽𝑨𝑲 𝑰𝑨𝑲 𝑰𝑮 𝑽𝑳
5V 4.97 V 0A 0A 0V 0V
10 V 9.94 V 0A 0A 0V 0V
15 V 14.91 V 0A 0A 0V 0V
20 V 19.88 V 0A 0A 0.2 mV 0V
25 V 24.84 V 0A 0A 0.3 mV 0V
30 V 29.82 V 0A 0A 0.4 mV 0V

Forward Conduction Mode (𝑽𝑺 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑽, 𝑹𝑮 = 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑲Ω 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝑳 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐. 𝟒 Ω)

𝑽𝑺 𝑽𝑮𝑲 𝑰𝑮 𝑰𝑨𝑲 𝑽𝑨𝑲 𝑽𝑳
25 V 0V 0A 0A 24.84 V 0.3 mV
25 V 5V 1.43 mA 0A 24.84 V 0.3 mV
25 V 10 V 2.85 mA 0A 24.84 V 2.1 mV
25 V 11 V 3.14 mA 0.1 mA 24.83 V 10.6 mV
25 V 11.5 V 3.28 mA 0.2 mA 24.82 V 31 mV
25 V 11.59 V 3.34 mA 154 mA 1.703 V 22.7 mV
25 V 14 V 4.01 mA 154 mA 1.707 V 22.7 mV
25 V 16 V 4.61 mA 154 mA 1.708 V 22.7 mV

Forward Conduction Mode (𝑽𝑺 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑽, 𝑹𝑮 = 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑲Ω 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝑳 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐. 𝟒 Ω)

𝑽𝑺 𝑽𝑮𝑲 𝑰𝑮 𝑰𝑨𝑲 𝑽𝑨𝑲 𝑽𝑳
20 V 0V 0A 0A 19.89 V 0.3 mV
 20 V 5V 1.43 mA 0A 19.89 V 0.3 mV
20 V 10 V 2.85 mA 0A 19.89 V 1.9 mV
20 V 11.55 V 3.3 mA 0.3 mA 19.89 V 36.3 mV
20 V 11.64 V 3.36 mA 122.4 mA 1.469 V 18.06 V
20 V 11.59 V 4.01 mA 122.4 mA 1.478 V 18.06 V
20 V 14 V 4.61 mA 122.4 mA 1.481 V 18.05 V

Holding current measurement (𝑹𝑮 = 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑲Ω 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝑳 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐. 𝟒 Ω)

SCR is already turnedon
gate voltage is set to zero
Supplyvoltage(𝑽𝑺)isreducedslowlytoobserveatwhich𝑰𝑨𝑲valueSCRisturned off.

𝑽𝑺 𝑽𝑨𝑲 𝑰𝑨𝑲 𝑽𝑳
12 V 1.143 V 71.7 mA 0A 10. 57 V
11 V 1.102 V 65.4 mA 0A 9.65 V
10 V 1.1062 V 59.1 mA 0A 8.71 V
8V 0.98 V 46.1 mA 0A 6.84 V
6V 0.899 V 33.7 mA 0A 4.96 V
4.79 V 0.851 V 26.3 mA 0A 3.87 V
3V 0.778 V 18.8 mA 0A 2.192 V
2.05 2.05 V 8.7 mA-0mA 0A 0V
Holding current = 8.7 mA

Latching current measurement (𝑹𝑮 = 𝟑. 𝟐 𝑲Ω 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝑳 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓 Ω)

Gate voltage (𝑽𝑮)is set to supply necessary gate current for SCR to turn on.
Supply voltage (𝑽𝑺) is slowly increased at set to somevalue.
Gatevoltage(𝑽𝑮)isremovedandifanodetocathodecurrent(𝑰𝑨𝑲)reducesto
thenlatchingcurrentismorethanthe𝑰𝑨𝑲thatwasflowingforset𝑽𝑺value.
Step 2-3 are repeated until SCR remains in conduction state after removal ofgate
signal.
𝑽𝑮𝑺 𝑽𝑺 𝑰𝑨𝑲 𝑽𝑨𝑲
11.8 V 2.5 V 8.7 mA
11.84 V 2.65 V 9.4 mA 0.753 A 3.36 mA
Latching current = 9.4 mA

Conclusions :

In this experiment, different modes of SCR are observed. The SCR can only be turned on when it is forward biased
and anode to cathode current is greater than the latching current. In the reverse blocking mode, SCR cannot be turned
on. When SCR is forward biased and gate pulse is not applied, it remains turned off and can be turned on when the
anode to cathode voltage is greater than the forward blocking voltage. When SCR is
forward biased and gate pulse is applied, it will be turned on and starts conducting. The SCR will remain the forward
conduction region even after removal of the gate pulse when the anode to cathode current is greater than latching
current. When SCR is forward biased, the anode to cathode current will be limited by load resistance. Thus, we can
conclude that SCR is a semi controlled switch whose turn on characteristics can be controlled using gate current and
is capable of blocking voltage of reverse polarity. Due to these properties, it can be used in various converters.

Task:

Plot static V-I characteristics of SCR on a graph sheet.

 NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D

Experiment – 3

AIM: To design and implement gate driver circuit for MOSFET.

EQUIPMENTS/COMPONENTS/INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. Item Qty. Make/Part No. Specifications

No.

1. MOSFET IRF740 IRF740 datasheet attached

2. Gate Driver IC TLP250 TLP250 IC datasheet attached

3. Adjustable Square Pulse NE555 Frequency 555 Timer IC datasheet

Generator Adjustable Square Pulse attached
Generator Module RKI-
2874

4. Variable dc power supply Agilent U8001A 0-30V, 3A regulated dc power

for power circuitry supply

5. Variable dc power supply Testronix 34C 0-16V, 5A regulated dc power

for control circuitry supply

6. Digital Storage Oscilloscope Agilent Technologies

Infinii Vision
DSO-X2002A

7. Digital Multi-meter Generic DT9205A Range selected : 0-20V

(used as voltmeter)

8. Digital Multi-meter Generic DT9205A Range selected : 0-20mA

(used as ammeter)

9. Breadboard --- ---

Carbon Resistors --- 1.5KΩ (1 piece)

5KΩ (2 pieces)

Connecting Wires --- Single strand 22AWG ---

hook-up wire

DSO Probes Easy Electronics

EECPOTP-12

MOSFET – IRF740

a. Part No.: IRF740

b. Drain to Source Breakdown Voltage VDS: 400V
c. ON State Drain to Source Resistance RDSON: 0.55
 d. Gate to Source Threshold Voltage VGS(th): 4
e. Maximum Gate to Source Voltage VGS Gate: ±20
f. Gate Source Leakage Current: ±100nA
g. Maximum Continuous Drain Current at VGS=10V and TC=25℃: 10A
h. State Pin Diagram:

Gate Driver – TLP250

i. Part No.: TLP250
j. Maximum Input Threshold Current: 5mA
k. Supply Current: 11mA
l. Supply Voltage: 10-35V
m. Output Current: ±1.5A
n. Maximum Switching Time (tpLH/tpHL): 0.5µs
o. Isolation Voltage: 2500Vrms
p. State the Pin Diagram and Truth Table:
555 Timer

q. Voltage: 4-16V
r. Sink/Source Current: 3-10mA
s. Pin Configuration
i. Pin 1: GND
ii. Pin 2: TRIGGER
iii. Pin 3: OUTPUT
iv. Pin 4: RESET
v. Pin 5: CONROL VOLTAGE
vi. Pin 6: THRESHOLD
vii. Pin 7: DISCHARGE
viii. Pin 8: VCC
t. State the Pin Diagram, Internal Construction and Connection for 555 Timer Configured
in Free-Running Mode:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
PROCEDURE:

1. Set the output of the variable dc power supply for control circuitry to 5V.
2. Set the output of the variable dc power supply for power circuitry to 15V.
3. Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
4. Ensure that all connections are appropriate by checking for the continuity with the help of multi-meter.
5. Switch ON the dc supply for the control circuit (V1) and observe the waveforms at the output of 555
Timer IC configured in free-running mode. If the operation of 555 Timer IC is found to be as per the
datasheet, then switch ON the dc supply for the power circuit (V2).
6. Observe the waveforms at the input and output of the TLP250 Gate Driver IC.
7. Observe the waveforms across the load voltage.
8. Switch OFF the two dc power supplies (V1 and V2).

OBSERVATIONS:
a. Vcc for 55 Timer IC board: 15V
b. Frequency of the Timer output: 50Hz.
c. Peak value of output voltage of Timer: 33V
d. Vcc for the TLP250 on secondary side: 5V
e. Peak value of load voltage: 25V

WAVEFORMS:
CONCLUSIONS:
In this experiment we learned about different IC’s like TLP-250 & NF55S & we have also seen yhe
gate driver for a MOSFET
 NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D

EXPERIMENT–4

Date:21/11/2021

AIM:Todemonstratetheoperationofdifferentconfigurationsof1-PhaseUncontrolledRectifier
feedingR-Load andR-L Load.

EQUIPMENTS/COMPONENTS/INSTRUMENTSREQUIRED:CIRCUITDIAGRAM:

Sl. Item PartNo. Specifications Quantity

No.
1 SinglePhaseTransformer 230/12V 4

Diodes 10

Resistor 4

LED -

DigitalStorageOscilloscope 1

DigitalMulti-Meter 1

Connectingwires -

BreadBoard 1

CIRCUITDIAGRAM:

Case–1:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifier feedingRLoad

 230V
50 Hz,
Single Phase AC
Case–2:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifier feedingR-LLoad

Case–3:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifierfeedingR Load

Case–4:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifierfeedingR-LLoad

PROCEDURE:
Case–1:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolledrectifier
1. With the help of digital multimeter ensure that the transformer,

diodes and theLEDareproperly working.

2. Maketheconnectionsasper circuitdiagram

ofsinglephasehalf- waveuncontrolledrectifier.

3. Initially,resistiveloadisconsidered.
4. Switch ONthesinglephaseacsupply.

5. Observethewaveformsacrossthetransformersecondary,resistor anddiode.

6. Notedownthevoltagesacrossthesupply,transformersecondary,resistoranddiod
e.

7. Switchoffthesupply.

8. Nowinsertinductorinserieswiththeloadresistance.
9. Switchonthesinglephaseacsupply.

10. Observethewaveformsacrossthetransformersecondary,diode,andseries

combin ationofresistorandinductor.

11. Notedownthevoltagesacrossthesupply,transformersecondary,diode,andseriesc
o
 mbinationofresistorandinductor.

12. Switch OFFthesupply.

Case–2:Singlephasefull-waveuncontrolledrectifier

1. WiththehelpofDigitalMulti-

Meter(DMM)ensurethatthetransformer,diodesand theLED isproperly.

2. Make the connections as per circuit diagram of single

phase full- waveuncontrolledrectifier.

3. Initially,resistiveloadisconsidered.

4. Switch ONthesinglephaseacsupply.

5. Observethewaveformsacrossthetransformersecondary,resistorandeachof

thefour diodes..

6. Notedownthevoltagesacrossthesupply,transformersecondary,resistor

andeach ofthefourdiodes.

7. Switchoffthesupply.
8. Nowinsertinductorinserieswiththeloadresistance.

9. Switchonthesinglephaseacsupply.

10. Observethewaveformsacrossthetransformersecondary,diode,andseries

combin ationofresistorandinductor.

11. Notedownthevoltagesacrossthesupply,transformersecondary,diode,and

seriesco mbinationofresistorandinductor.

12. Switch OFFthesupply.

OBSERVATIONTABLE:
Case–1:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifier

Sl. Voltage ObservedAver CalculatedAve ObservedR Calculated

No. (V) ageValue rageValue MSValue(V) RMSValue
(V) (V) (V)
Vsupply 0 0 230 230
Vab 0 0 230 230
Vxy 3.18 3.18 5 5
VAK -3.18 3.18 5 5

Vsupply 0 0 230 230

Vab 0 0 230 230
Vxy 3.10 3.10 4.98 4.98
VAK -3.10 -3.10 5.01 5.01

ObservationTable:

Case–2:Singlephasefull-waveuncontrolledrectifier

Sl. Voltage ObservedAver CalculatedAve ObservedR Calculated

No. (V) ageValue rageValue MSValue(V) RMSValue
(V) (V) (V)
Vsupply 0 0 230 230
Vab 0 0 230 230
Vxy 9 9 10 10
VA1K1 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06
VA2K2 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06
VA3K3 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06
VA4K4 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06

8 Vsupply 0 0 230 230

9 Vab 0 0 230 230
10 Vxy 9 9 10 10
11 VA1K1 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06
12 VA2K2 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06
 13 VA3K3 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06
14 VA4K4 4.5 4.5 7.06 7.06

WAVEFORMSAND CALCULATIONS:

Case–1:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifier feedingRLoad

Case–2:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifier feedingR-LLoad

 Case–3:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifierfeedingR Load

Case–4:Singlephasehalf-waveuncontrolled rectifierfeedingR-LLoad

CONCLUSIONS: Hence wedemonstratedtheoperationofdifferentconfigurationsof1-

PhaseUncontrolledRectifier feedingR-Load andR-L Load.
NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D

EXPERIMENT–5

Date:21/11/2021

AIM:Todemonstratetheoperationofdifferentconfigurationsof 3-PhaseUncontrolledRectifier
feedingR-Load andR-L Load.

Sl. Item Qty. Make/PartNo. Specifications

No.
1. --- TO BE INSERTED
Trainer Kit FROMTHEMANNUAL
PROVIDED
2. DigitalMulti-meter GenericDT9205A Rangeselected :0-750V
(usedasvoltmeter)
3. Digital
StorageOscill ologiesInfinii
oscope Vision
DSO-X2002A
4. DSOProbes EasyElectronics
EECPOTP-12
5. ConnectingWires --- --- ---

ThreePhaseRectifierTrainerKit
 Fig.FrontviewoftheThreePhaseRectifierTrainerKit

CIRCUITDIAGRAM:

Case–1:Threephasefull-waveuncontrolledrectifierfeedingR Load

Case–2:Threephasefull-waveuncontrolled rectifierfeedingR-LLoad
PROCEDURE:

1. Maketheconnectionsaspercircuitdiagramofthreeph
asehalf- waveuncontrolledrectifier.
2. Initially,resistiveloadisconsidered.
3. Switch ONthethreephaseac supply.
4. Observethewaveformsacross theresistiveload.
5. Also,measuretheaveragevalueofvoltagesacrosstheresistiveload.
6. Switch OFFthesupply.
7. Nowinsertaninductorinserieswiththeresistiveload.
8. Switch ONthethreephaseac supply.
9. Observethewaveformsacrosstheloadcomprisingofseriesconnec
tionofresi stiveandinductor.
10. Also,measuretheaveragevalueofvoltagesacrosstheloadcomprisi
ngofserie sconnectionofresistiveandinductor.

11. Switch OFFtheacsupply.

Observations:

1) Measured averagevalueofvoltageacrossthe Rload= 13.5V

2) CalculatedaveragevalueofvoltageacrosstheRload= 13.5V

3) Calculated RMSvalueofvoltageacrosstheRload= 13.51 V

4) MeasuredaveragevalueofvoltageacrosstheRL load=13.5V

5) CalculatedaveragevalueofvoltageacrosstheRL load=13.5V

6) Calculated RMSvalueofvoltageacrosstheRLload= 13.51V

 Case–1:Threephasefull-waveuncontrolledrectifierfeedingR Load

Case–2:Threephasefull-waveuncontrolled rectifierfeedingR-LLoad

CONCLUSIONS: Hence wedemonstratedtheoperationofdifferentconfigurationsof 3-

PhaseUncontrolledRectifier feedingR-Load andR-L Load.
 NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D
EXPERMENT 6

AIM: To demonstrate the operation of buck, boost and buck-boost converter.

EQUIPMENTS/COMPONENTS/INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED:

Quantity

dc-dc trainer kit

SWITCHED MODE DC-DC TRAINER KIT:

Front view of the Switched Mode dc-dc Trainer Kit as seen above
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Buck dc-dcconverter

Boost dc-dc converter:

Buck Boost dc-dc converter:

PROCEDURE:
Buck dc-dc converter
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the single phase ac supply to the Switched Mode dc-dc Converter Trainer Kit.
3. Switch ON the input dc supply of the Switched Mode dc-dc Converter Trainer Kit.
4. Select the buck operation from the display panel.
5. Vary the duty cycle from 0 to 99% in the steps of 20%.
6. For each value of duty cycle note down the output voltage with the help of multi-meter.
7. Also, observe the ON-Time, OFF-Time, Total Time and Switching Frequency with the help
of digital storage oscilloscope.
8. Switch OFF the dc input supply and then switch OFF the single phase ac supply.

Boost dc-dc converter

1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the single phase ac supply to the Switched Mode dc-dc Converter Trainer Kit.
3. Switch ON the input dc supply of the Switched Mode dc-dc Converter Trainer Kit.
4. Select the boost operation from the display panel.
5. Vary the duty cycle from 0 to 40% in the steps of 10%.
6. For each value of duty cycle note down the output voltage with the help of multi-meter.
7. Also, observe the ON-Time, OFF-Time, Total Time and Switching Frequency with the help
of digital storage oscilloscope.
8. Switch OFF the dc input supply and then switch OFF the single phase ac supply.

Buck-Boost dc-dc converter

1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Switch ON the single phase ac supply to the Switched Mode dc-dc Converter Trainer Kit.
3. Switch ON the input dc supply of the Switched Mode dc-dc Converter Trainer Kit.
4. Select the buck operation from the display panel.
5. Vary the duty cycle from 0 to 60% in the steps of10%.
6. For each value of duty cycle note down the output voltage with the help of multi-meter.
7. Also, observe the ON-Time, OFF-Time, Total Time and Switching Frequency with the help
of digital storage oscilloscope.
8. Switch OFF the dc input supply and then switch OFF the single phase ac supply.

OBSER Duty Input Output On- Off- Total Switchi Calcula

VATIO Cycle Voltage Voltage Time Time Time ng ted
N (%) (V) (V) (uS) (uS) Freque Output
TABLE: ncy Voltage
Sl. (kHz) (V)
No.

Buck dc-dc
converter
1 0
2 20 23.9 10.3 9.4 36.9 46.3 21.6 4.78
3 40 16 18.8 27.5 46.3 21.6 9.56
4 60 18.9 28 18.3 46.3 21.6 14.34
5 80 20.6 37 9.3 46.3 21.6 19.12
6 95 22.6 44.12 2.18 46.3 21.6 22.70
Boost dc-dc
converter
7 0
8 10 23.9 25.6 4.9 41.4 46.3 21.6 26.55
9 20 28.7 9.4 36.9 46.3 21.6 29.875
10 30 33.4 14.3 32 46.3 21.6 34.14
11 40 38.9 18.6 27.7 46.3 21.6 39.83
Buck-Boost dc-dc
converter
12 0
13 10 23.9 6.6 4.88 41.41 46.3 21.6 2.65
14 20 12.2 9.4 36.88 46.3 21.6 5.975
15 30 18.2 14.112 32.188 46.3 21.6 10.24
16 40 25.1 18.632 27.668 46.3 21.6 15.93
17 50 37.6 23.332 22.968 46.3 21.6 23.9
18 60 61.6 28.03 17.5 46.3 21.6 35.85

Conclusions: Thus the working of buck, boost and buck-boost converters is demonstrated.
NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D

Experiment No. 7

Aim: To study the application of power converters in different applications.

Converter: Single phase half bridge inverter

Simulation software : PSIM

Simulation Diagram:
Simulation Results:

V_IGBT1

200

150

100

50

V_IGBT2

200

150

100

50

VLoad

100

50

-50

-100

ILoad

10

-5

-10

Observation table:

Vload Average Value -9.99

Maximum Value -9.99
Minimum Value 9.99
V_IGBT1 Average Value 1
Maximum Value 1.99
Minimum Value 1
V_IGBT2 Average Value 1
Maximum Value 1.00
Minimum Value 1.99
I_Load Average Value 1.00
Maximum Value 9.99
Minimum Value -9.99
 NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D

Experiment No. 8
Aim: To study the application of power converters in different applications.

Converter: Buck dc dc converter

Simulation software : PSIM

System Parameters:
1. Input voltage (Vin) = 25V
2.Output Voltage (Vo) =12.5 V
3.Duty Cycle (D) = 0.5
4.Inductor(L) = 3.3 mH
5.Capacitor (C) = 2.2microF
6.Load Resistance (R0) = 20 ohms
7.Switching frequency = 20kHz

Simulation Diagram:
Voltage Waveforms:

Vload
12.62
12.6
12.58
12.56
12.54
12.52
12.5
12.48

VL

15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15

Vsw

25

20

15

10

Vd

5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25

0.0876 0.0878 0.088 0.0882 0.0884 0.0886

Time (s)

Voltage Measurements:
Vload Average Value 1.25
Maximum Value 1.261
Minimum Value 1.238
VL Average Value -1.202
Maximum Value -1.261
Minimum Value 1.261
Vsw Average Value 1.261
Maximum Value 2.500
Minimum Value 6.155
Vd Average Value -1.238
Maximum Value 6.344
Minimum Value -2.499
Current waveforms:

Id

0.6

0.4

0.2

Iin

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

IL

0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.6
0.58
0.56

ILoad

0.632
0.63
0.628
0.626
0.624
0.622
0.62
0.618

Current Measurements
Iload Average Value 6.2487
Maximum Value 6.3096
Minimum Value 6.1903
IL Average Value 6.2523
Maximum Value 6.3446
Minimum Value 6.1553
Isw Average Value 3.2503
Maximum Value 2.4993
Minimum Value 6.1553
Id Average Value 3.0019
Maximum Value 6.3446
Minimum Value -2.5011
 EXPERIMENT – 9
NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D
Date:25/11/2021

AIM: To demonstrate the operation of 3-phase inverter with sinusoidal pulse width modulation
technique.

Equipments/Components/Instruments Required:

Sl.
Item
Three Phase Inverter Voltage Source
Inverter Trainer Kit
3-Phase Induction Motor

3 Power Analyzer

Digital Multi-Meter

Connecting wires

Circuit Diagram:
 PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.

2. Switch ON the single-phase ac supply to the Trainer Kit.
3. Turn ON the MCB provided in the trainer kit.
4. Measure the dc link voltage.
5. The display panel on the Trainer Kit displays the reference frequency
and modulation index (MI).
6. Select sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation as the PWM technique
through the keypad.
7. For the different values of reference frequency, note down
the modulation index, output frequency, output voltage.
8. Once sufficient readings are obtained, switch OFF the MCB provided as a
part of the trainer kit.
9. Turn OFF the ac supply.
10. Repeat the procedure by selecting space vector modulation technique.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. No. Reference dc-link Output Modulation V/f Ratio

Frequency Voltage (V) Voltage Index
(Hz) (V)
50 325 144.102 0.800 2.882
40 325 136.69 0.640 3.417

3 30 325 129.5 0.480 4.317

20 325 115.958 0.320 5.798
10 325 79.5 0.160 7.95
(Input = 229.4V)

CONCLUSION: Therefore, in this experiment we observe the operation of 3-phase inverter

with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique.
NAME:- Riya Chauhan
Roll No:-19BEE109D
Experiment 10
Aim:- To study the application of power converters in different applications
Theory:-
Application of Power Electronics
Below is an attempt to briefly present the diaspora of power electronics.

 Our Daily Life: If we look around ourselves, we can find a whole lot of power electronics
applications such as a fan regulator, light dimmer, air-conditioning, induction cooking,
emergency lights, personal computers, vacuum cleaners, UPS (uninterrupted power system),
battery charges, etc.
 Automotive and Traction: Subways, hybrid electric vehicles, trolley, fork-lifts, and many
more. A modern car itself has so many components where power electronic is used such as
ignition switch, windshield wiper control, adaptive front lighting, interior lighting, electric
power steering and so on. Besides power electronics are extensively used in modern traction
systems and ships.
 Industries: Almost all the motors employed in the industries are controlled by power
electronic drives, for e.g. Rolling mills, textile mills, cement mills, compressors, pumps, fans,
blowers, elevators, rotary kilns etc. Other applications include welding, arc furnace, cranes,
heating applications, emergency power systems, construction machinery, excavators etc.
 Defence and Aerospace: Power supplies in aircraft, satellites, space shuttles, advance control
in missiles, unmanned vehicles and other defence equipment.
 Renewable Energy: Generation systems such as solar, wind etc. needs power conditioning
systems, storage systems and conversion systems in order to become usable. For
example, solar cells generate DC power and for general application we need AC power and
hence power electronic converter is used.
 Utility System: HVDC transmission, VAR compensation (SVC), static circuit breakers,
generator excitation systems, FACTS, smart grids, etc.

Conclusion:- After studying this experiment we have learnt and understood different
application of power electronics in different application