EFFECT OF JOB MISMATCH IN THE TOURISM

AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY:

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

A Thesis presented to the faculty of

College of Hospitality Management and Tourism
BALIUAG UNIVERSITY
Gil Carlos St. Baliwag, Bulacan

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

By:
SILUNGAN, KIM LHEAN L.
LAXAMANA, MARY JOY L.
LIGON, DENNIE ROSE
SANTIAGO, ROCHELLE
RIVERA, AYESSA JANE

September 2021

CHAPTER I
 Introduction

Now a day’s hospitality and tourism industry and many more are
encountering and facing job mismatch. Due to the level of education and
degree, there is a job mismatch happened where the person is over
qualified and not qualified due to the required level of educational
degree of that particular job.

The average level of education has risen successively and considerably worldwide
during the past several decades and over education refers to an excess of
education, beyond the level needed to perform a certain job (Rumberger, 1981;
Hartog, 2000). Besides over education, horizontal mismatch also exists when
people’s occupations do not match their fields of education (Robst, 2007). The
existence of these mismatches raise questions on their effects on individual
outcomes in the labor market such as the job satisfaction.

 The purpose of this study is to look at the factors that influence

educational mismatch and worker mobility in the hospitality sector across
vocations and organizations. The educational mismatch is calculated by
comparing the worker's highest degree of education with the level of
education required to do his or her job. According to the econometric
calculations, workers can compensate for their lack of education by
gaining more work experience; nevertheless, surplus education cannot
replace tenure and on-the-job training. (Vol et al., 2007).

REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
 Education-job mismatches, especially over education or vertical
mismatch, are generally found to lower the worker’s job satisfaction,
which may generate the counter-productive behaviors such as high
rates of absenteeism and turnover in developed countries. According
to Sam V. (2018). From the sociological perspective, education-job
mismatches adversely affect job satisfaction because the worker’s
expectations on the social position and type of work are not fulfilled
like they thought when they invested in their higher education
(Capsada-Munsech, 2017).

Marchante, Ortega, and Pagán (2007) used a previous sample of 3,314

employees from hotels and restaurants in Andalusia to compare actual
education versus required 19 education for current positions. The
authors identified the term educational mismatch as individuals with
too much education or insufficient education for their current position.
The authors found over half of the respondents to be considered
educationally mismatched. Individuals without enough education for
their current position made up for the lack of education with
experience. The authors found no evidence of extra schooling being
able to substitute for insufficient education.

STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
 The purpose of this study is to investigate how job mismatch affects the
hospitality industry. This illustrates the importance of addressing the building
of an exceptional workforce based on the concept of job mismatch so that
exceptional and well-trained human resources can be deployed in the
appropriate location to optimize academic knowledge and enhance their
traits. Given that work mismatch has a negative influence on performance via
salary mediation and job happiness, it is vital to encourage job mismatch
strategies to capitalize on advanced talent. This study aims to answer the
following question:

 1. What is the profile of the respondents

QUESTIONS: in terms of:

a. Age
b. Sex
c. Course

2. Why is it that a job mismatch has such a

negative effect?

3. What are the causes of job mismatch?

4. Are there any promising approaches that help

to prevent job mismatches?
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

 SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION

 The topic of this study is the effect of job mismatch on

Hospitality Management in the Tourism and Hospitality
Industry. The purpose of this research was to get a better
knowledge of how job mismatch affects workforce
employment, as well as the implications for work productivity,
remuneration, human capital, competitiveness, and
development in the tourist and hospitality industry.
Understanding the effect of talent mismatch on
competitiveness provides a new perspective on how to
manage skill mismatch for long-term organizational viability.

SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY

 Students: This research will assist students in making better

decisions when it comes to selecting acceptable jobs, or they
will be prepared if their completed course of study differs
from the one in the workplace.
Teachers: This will be a guide for a teacher on how to lead
their students to have a good decision making.

 Graduate Students: They are the first one who will

benefits to our research in able for them to know the how
job mismatch started and it causes in the tourism and
hospitality industry.
Future researchers: This research will be a useful
reference for the researchers and use it as their guide in
able for them to make a better research paper.

DEFINITION OF
TERMS

Abstract: Finding the appropriate person for the right job

within the right company has become one of the most
essential and serious productivity concerns. Not only has
full employment increased, but so has the employee-to-
job fit in terms of educational level or field of activity,
workforce qualifications, and skills.

 The current article integrates theoretical and empirical findings on the

repercussions of job mismatch by highlighting the most important
studies on the influence of job mismatches on work productivity from
both the employee and the firm perspectives. Overeducation and
overqualification may increase a company's output in the short term, but
mismatched personnel will experience reduced job satisfaction and
salaries in the long run.

 Overeducation: When workers have skills above or

below those required skills in a job.

Job Mismatch: A worker in a job that does not

correspond with his or her level of qualifications as defined
by their education, skills, knowledge, and abilities.

CHAPTER 2

 This chapter explains various methodologies that were used in

gathering data and analysis which are relevant to the research. The
methodologies will include areas such as the research locale,
research design, Respondents of the Study, Research
Instruments,Data and Gathering Procedure, Sampling Techniques,
Statistical Treatment of Data, and Statistical Tools.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The researcher conducted the study at Baliuag University, Baliwag,

Bulacan and used it as research locale because it’s their school. The
researchers hoped that this study will help students, teachers and
graduate student to know the effect of job mismatch in the tourism
and hospitality industry.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In order to determine the effect of job mismatch in the tourism and

hospitality industry. The researcher will use quantitative type of
research and its center attention is to collect data through online
survey.

RESPONDENT OF THE STUDY

The respondents for this study will be the graduate students on tourism
and hospitality Management.

The researcher will use suitable sampling
method to collect the total number of data. Collects data from
participants that selected based on availability and willingness to take
part. The target is 60 respondents to answer the online survey done by
researchers.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researcher used quantitative type of survey questionnaire

which include the problem and information needed in the study.
A survey will be conducted through online survey. The data and
information collected from the respondent will answer the
important question in the Statement of the Problem.
DATA AND GATHERING PROCEDURE

The purpose of this study is to look the effect of job mismatch in the tourism
and hospitality industry. The researcher decided to use a quantitative type of
research to collect and evaluate data needed.

The first step before conducting online survey, requesting a letter of

permission to conduct survey. Needed the approval of the dean of the college
of hospitality management and tourism as well as the research adviser. In
releasing questionnaire, the researcher will open the survey during the free
time of the respondent who will participate in answering the online
questionnaire.
For more accurate information, the researchers will give
the respondents enough time to answer the survey
questionnaires. The questionnaires contains about the
effects of job mismatch in the tourism and hospitality
industry and if they already encountered job mismatch.
And last step, the researcher t will tailed the
information gathered from the respondent by using
statistical tools.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

In order to determine the effect of job mismatch in the tourism

and hospitality industry. The researcher will use quantitative
research which focuses on describing effects of job mismatch
in tourism and hospitality industry.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

The researchers will collect data related to the

particular topic. The questions and answers will be conducted

through online and each researchers has its own grouped of
respondent. The answers will be tailed together to get the
information needed for the study entitled “the effect of job
mismatch in the tourism and hospitality industry”. The
questionnaire made to gathered information which is
analyzed by using statistical form.

STATISTICAL TOOLS

The researcher used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences as their
statistical tools.

The information gathered from the respondent will count easily
by using this statistical tools.
With the help of the obtained statistical information, researchers can
easily understand the demand for a product in the market, and can change their
strategy accordingly. Basically, SPSS first store and organize the provided data,
then it compiles the data set to produce suitable output. SPSS is designed in
such a way that it can handle a large set of variable data formats. Noels J. (2018).

REFERENCE:
 Capsada-Munsech, Q. (2017). Overeducation: Concept, theories, and empirical evidence.
Sociology Compass, 11 (10).

Marchante, A.J., Ortega, B., & Pagán, R. (2007). An analysis of educational mismatch and
labor mobility in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31,
299-320.

Robst, J. (2007). Education and job match: The relatedness of college major and work.
Economics of Education Review, 26 (4), 397–407.

Rumberger, R. W. (1981). The rising incidence of overeducation in the US labor market.

Economics of Education Review, 1 (3), 293–314.

 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01839463/document

https://www.cabi.org/leisuretourism/abstract/20073200985

https://johnnoels.medium.com/what-is-spss-and-its-importance-in-
research-data-analysis-5f109ab90da1

THANK YOU