_______________________

Name:
_
3.1.3 Developments in new
materials _______________________
Class:
_

_______________________
Date:
_

Time: 108 minutes

Marks: 109 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 34
 Q1.
Identify the correct definition of a composite material.
 
A A combination of two or more different  
materials
B A material that changes its properties  
when exposed to sunlight
C A naturally occurring renewable material  
D A polymer material that can be injection  
moulded
(Total 1 mark)

Q2.
Which one of the following statements is true?
 
A Carbon fibre is a natural material used in  
model making
B Low carbon steel is a non-ferrous metal  
used in damp environments
C Medium density fibreboard is a man-made  
material used in the manufacture of flat
pack furniture
D Nylon is a conductive material used in  
electronics
(Total 1 mark)

Q3.
What is the definition of a smart material?
 
A A material that can hold data

B A material that can withstand excessive force

A material that reacts to changes in the

C
environment

D A material that shrinks when heated

(Total 1 mark)

Q4.
Smart materials are now increasingly being used in products.

What is meant by the term ‘smart material’?

_______________________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q5.
‘Smart materials’ are sometimes used in the printing of concert tickets.

Name a suitable smart material and explain how it might help to make sure tickets are
genuine.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 4 marks)

Q6.
The image below shows a learner plate.

(a)    (i)      Name a suitable commercial printing process used to create the red letter ‘L’ on
white vinyl film.

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii)     Explain how the quality is controlled during this process.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(b)    (i)      Explain the meaning of the term smart material.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(ii)     It has been decided to print the red letter ‘L’ on the white vinyl film using a
phosphorescent ink.

Explain how phosphorescent ink works and give an example of its use.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Q7.
‘New’ and ‘smart’ materials allow designers to meet a variety of user needs in exciting
ways.

Explain what is meant by the terms ‘new’ and ‘smart’ materials.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 4 marks)

Q8.
The products in the table below make use of new or smart materials.
 

Dental Protective Prosthetic

Baby bottles Necklace Food packaging
braces clothing limb

Choose one product from the table above and answer the questions that follow.

My chosen product is ______________________________________________________

(a)     Name a new or smart material used in your chosen product

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)     Explain why the properties of the new or smart material you have named make it
suitable for use in your chosen product.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 5 marks)

Q9.
(a)     Name either a new or a smart material.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)     Describe the properties of the new or smart material you have named in part (a).
Explain how it could be used in a product.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 4 marks)

Q10.
(a)     Explain what is meant by the term ‘nanomaterial’.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b)     Give an example of the use of a ‘nanomaterial’ and explain its advantages.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

Q11.
Name a composite material used for the body of a Formula 1 racing car.

Explain why this material has been used.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 2 marks)

Q12.
Study the products shown below.
Name one suitable, specific material which has been used to make each product.

Give one reason for each choice.

(a)                                                  Nest of tables

Material ____________________________________________________________
(2)

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)                                                         Ring

Material ____________________________________________________________
(2)

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)                                                    Food storage boxes

Material ____________________________________________________________
(2)

Reason ____________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d)                                                    Tennis racket

Material ____________________________________________________________
(2)

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 12 marks)

Q13.
Look at the gloves in the drawing below.

Cyclist B wears these plain black gloves in winter.

(a)     Name a modern fabric for the gloves.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
 (b)     Describe two improvements which could be made to the design of the cycling
gloves that would increase comfort or safety when cycling in winter.

Improvement 1 _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Improvement 2 _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 5 marks)

Q14.
Look at the photographs below. Modern sportswear fabric can improve a competitor’s
performance.

(a)     Name and describe a modern high-technology sportswear fabric.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b)     Explain how this fabric improves the competitor’s performance.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(c)     Give two reasons why some people are against the use of high-technology
sportswear fabric in professional competitions.

Reason 1 __________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Reason 2 __________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q15.
(a)     (i)      Study the police uniform in the photograph below.

Using a pen, link the text boxes to the police uniform to label the clothing.

 
(4)

(ii)     Give one advantage of using these fabrics in the police uniform.

 Reflective tape

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Fluorescent nylon

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Polyester / cotton non-iron fabric

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Stain resistant fabric with heat set crease

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(4)

(b)     Name and describe one modern fabric different from those listed above.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q16.
(a)    The toy needs development.

List and explain three different ways to use electronic components to make this toy
more exciting.

Fill in the table below. An example has been given.

 
Electronic component Explanation

A movement device is put in the toy. The toy dog can move eg wag its tail for
fun.

   
    

   

(6)

(b)     A wide range of other modern components is available to product designers.

Name and describe one modern component that can be added to fashionable
clothing to make it more decorative or useful.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 9 marks)

Q17.
Each year new fabrics are developed by textile companies.

(a)     Name and describe a modern fabric which is water or stain resistant.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b)     Give one technical reason why this fabric is water or stain resistant.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q18.
(a)      Describe how electronics can be used in modern textile products.

___________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b)     Explain how the electronic technology you have described in part (a) adds value to
modern textile products.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(5)
(Total 8 marks)

Q19.
This question is about new technologies and integrated electronics in textile design.

(a)     Exciting new textile products have been developed using new technologies.

Link each product description with a line to the new technology used.
  
(5)

(b)     Name and describe one other modern fabric.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

Q20.
Quality of Written Communication will be tested in this question.

Modern clothing sometimes includes electronic components such as:

•        solar panels in rucksacks

•        GPS Sat Nav tracking devices in outdoor clothing

•        Internet communication and entertainment devices in jackets.

Explain in detail the benefits to the wearer of using this type of new technology.
_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 8 marks)
Mark schemes

Q1.
A    A combination of two or more different materials
[1]

Q2.
C       Medium density fibreboard is a man-made material used in the manufacture of flat
pack furniture
[1]

Q3.
C      A material that reacts to changes in the environment
[1]

Q4.
Simple response: 1 mark

A material that can change its state / or behaviour

Detailed response: 2 marks

Material that changes its properties or behaviour

in response to external influence / stimulus

Giving an example eg: smart wire, nitinol, thermochromic film

1 – 2 marks
[2]

Q5.
Suitable smart material. Award 1 mark.

Thermochromic, photochromic, hydrochromic, electrochromic phosphorescent

materials / pigments.
Thermal paper.
1 mark
1

Annotation:

High level, Clear explanation to avoid forgeries, implications not generic

3 marks

Medium level: some understanding

2 marks

Low level, some confusion

1 mark

No attempt or incorrect
0 marks
3
[4]
Q6.
(a)     Flexography
2 marks
Screen printing
2 mark
4

(b)     Quality Control e.g. random sampling 1-100, visual checks for colour and
alignment, materials etc, tolerance tests.

Well explained and reasoned

2 marks
Some understanding
2 mark
No understanding or not attempted
0 marks
4
[8]

Q7.
New materials:
These are man-made materials developed recently. New materials have properties
previously unavailable (not present in natural materials) allowing them to be used in
new and innovative ways.
Examples are precious metal clays (PMC), corn starch polymers, glass fibre
reinforced plastic (GRP), carbon fibre, kevlar, flexible plywood, necuron foam,
maplex, medite (laser MDF), flexible MDF, hexaboard, micro fibres, gortex,
sympatex, liquid crystals (LCDs).

Smart materials:
React and change with a physical change in their environment e.g. heat, light,
electrical current.
Examples are thermochromic dyes, photochromic dyes, phosphorescent pigments,
polymorph, D3O orange polymer, (polycaprolactone / PLC), shape memory alloys
e.g. nitinol (titanium & nickel alloy), quantum tunnelling composites (QTC),
Piezoelectric materials (when squeezed they produce an electrical voltage).
Valid point made = 1
Valid point made with explanation = 2
Key word: Properties
N.B. Response could be all about either New Materials
or Smart Materials.
No marks for list of products or materials.
[4]

Q8.
(a)     N.B. No mark for chosen product.
Any specific named new or smart material appropriate to chosen product.
Named material must be used in the chosen / selected
product
N.B. Accept repeated materials identified in 2b.
1

(b)     Baby bottle

Thermochromic pigments change colour with heat. The milk for a baby can be
checked to make sure it is not too hot / cold.
 Colours can change from pink to yellow if food is too hot. Accept blue going to
red?
Avoid having to physically test food for correct temperature and eliminate
contamination of any sort.
Correctly named properties only = 2 marks max
Any 2 correctly named properties with qualification
explaining why they are suitable for the chosen product = 4.

Necklace
Precious metal clays can be worked and shaped like clays, but when dried
they take on the appearance of solid metal. Contain small quantities of metals
like gold and silver. No need for specialist equipment e.g. casting facilities and
reduce potential H&S issues.
PMC can be used with children to create quality products quickly, in a
classroom environment.

Dental braces
Shape memory alloys are heat treated to give the material a memory. The
braces then try to return to their memory shape and pull teeth into a new
position.
Can be used in / with the human body without any adverse effect on health.
Non-ferrous and does not react with saliva or moisture.

Protective clothing
Kevlar fibres can be woven into a cloth that can then be made into clothing.
The weave (a bit like a goal net) can stop penetration by bullets, knives and
sharp objects. High cut resistance. Low electrical conductivity, high chemical
resistance. Flame resistant and self-extinguishing. Tough and hard wearing.
Kevlar is lightweight, comfortable to wear and allows user to move easily.
Used by armed forces and police for bullet proof vests.

Food packaging
Corn starch polymers are biodegradable unlike polythene which makes it
better for the environment. The break down into carbon dioxide and water after
a few months. The base material (corn) is preferred by manufactures as it is
available from sustainable sources.

Prosthetic limbs
Made from carbon fibre, Kevlar and titanium. These materials are lightweight,
flexible and can be fabricated into complex shape (CF and Kevlar),
ergonomically suited to the user. Allow the owner to compete with able bodied
users in sports, the workplace and social situations. Increase the opportunities
for inclusive design.
Polypropelene (PP) & polystyrene (PS) not to be
accepted as new materials.
4
[5]

Q9.
(a)     Identification of new / smart material: e.g starch based polymers, precious
metal clays, quantum tunnelling composite, carbon fibre etc.
See further information below.
1 mark

(b)     Appropriate and detailed description of material’s properties including an

example of its use in a real product.
3 marks
 Sound description of material’s properties and an appropriate example of its
use or detailed description with no example.
2 marks

Superficial description of material’s properties or example of use.

1 mark

Incorrect description of properties with no reference to use.

0 marks

New / smart Property / function Example of use

material

Carbon fibre Thin carbon fibres twisted together to form a Formula One racing cars
yarn and woven to create fabric. Combined Technical cycles
with resin which bonds the fibres together and Helicopter rotor blades
creates a very strong very lightweight
composite material

Fibre optics Glass or plastic fibres used to transport light lighting applications
and to transport data over long distances communications e.g.
effectively. computers / telephone

Goretex & Waterproof and breathable fabrics consist of Activity clothing for
sympatex porous membrane laminated to high walking, skiing, cycling
performance textile fabrics. etc.

Kevlar Highly flame retardant. Weight for weight, five Bicycle tyres, body
times stronger than steel, plastic based armour. Cables for boat
material, flexible. Woven and used in layers. rigging and oil rigs,
conveyor belts.

Maplex Plain brown board similar to plywood made of Chair

110% pressed wood fibres using water heat
and pressure but no glues or binders. Strong,
easily moulded and completely biodegradable.

Polycaprolactone Low melting point, biodegradable Medical applications.

(PLC) (polymorph) thermoplastic material Easily shaped by hand to
resemble injection
moulded products.

Precious metal A clay-like medium consists of very small Used to make jewellery,
clays particles of precious metals (such as silver, bead sand small sculpture.
gold or platinum) mixed with an organic binder
and water.

Quantum Tunnelling Electro-resistive properties Switches

Compound (QIC)

Corn starch Biodegradable, doesn’t give off toxic fumes Food packaging
polymers when burned so more environmentally friendly Disposable cutlery
than oil based polymers

Thermochromic Change colour with temperature, can be Kettles

pigments added to polymers Thermal warming Patches
in baby feeding products

Shape memory When heated, metal gains a memory. Wire Spectacle frames. Placed
alloys / smart alloys (Nitinol) shrinks by 5% in length when in collapsed blood vessels
electrical current is passed through it. e.g. stent. Used to hold
broken bones together.
[4]

Q10.
(a)     Award up to 2 marks using the following criteria:
A brief answer. 1 mark
A detailed response. 2 marks

Look for details relating to:

•        A material that contains nanoparticles / tubes
•        A material has improve mechanical properties
•        A material that has an average particle size of between 1 and 100
nanometres.
2

(b)     There are over 800 registered everyday products that incorporate
nanomaterials.
Award up to 1 mark for a product that uses nanomaterials.

Possible responses:
•        Coatings: Paint, glass, computer / camera / phone displays.
•        Sporting equipment: Golf clubs, tennis racquets, lacrosse sticks, socks.
•        Automotive industry: Car bumpers / paint.
1 mark

Advantages of using this material.

Award up to 2 marks using the following criteria:
A brief answer. 1 mark
A detailed response. 2 marks

Look for details relating to a product being:

•        Stronger
•        Lighter
•        More durable
•        Stiffer
•        More flexible
•        More reactive.
3
[5]

Q11.
Award 1 mark for any of the following materials:
Possible responses:
•        Kevlar
•        Carbon Fibre
•        GRP / Fibre glass.

Award 1 mark for a correct explanation.

Possible responses:
•        It is strong
•        It is stiff
•        It is lightweight
•        It can be moulded into shape.
 [2]

Q12.
(a)      Nest of tables

Award one mark for the generic term wood or an incorrect wood

Award two marks for:

•        Any acceptable light to medium coloured hardwood

•        Mahogany
•        Teak
2 marks

Reasons - Award one mark for a suitable correct reason (no single word
answers)

Possible responses:

•        Attractive grain
•        Durable, it will last a long time
•        Strength, it will not break
•        Environmental friendly material
1 mark

(b)     Ring

Award one mark for the generic term metal or an incorrect metal

Award two marks for gold / brass

2 marks

Reasons – Award one mark for a suitable correct reason

Possible responses:

•        Durable, it will last a long time

•        Highly resistant to corrosion
•        Attractive, it is colourful and shiny
1 mark

(c)    Food storage boxes

Award one mark for the generic term plastic or an incorrect plastic

Award two marks for any of the following

•        HIPS
•        Polypropylene PP
•        HDPE
•        PVC
•        ABS
•        PET
2 marks

Reasons - Award one mark for a suitable correct reason

Possible responses:
 •        Strong, it will not break
•        Tough, it will stand being knocked about
•        Durable, it will last a long time
•        Highly resistant to corrosion
•        Waterproof, it can be washed
•        Hygienic, it will not affect the food
•        Capable of being manufactured quickly in large quantities
1 mark

(d)    Tennis racket

Award one mark for the generic term composite / alloy

Award two marks for

•        Carbon fibre (Kevlar)

•        Aluminium
2 marks

Reasons

Award one mark for a suitable correct reason

Possible responses:

•        Strong, it will withstand hitting tennis balls

•        High resistance to impact
•        Lightweight, it doesn’t take much strength to use it
•        Durable, it will last a long time
•        Highly resistant to corrosion
•        Capable of being manufactured quickly in large quantities
1 mark

Tennis racket handle:

Award 1 mark for rubber

Tennis racket strings:

Allow 2 marks for nylon

[12]

Q13.
(a)     Gore-tex, neoprene, thinsulate, polar fleece, polar tech, Kevlar.
No to tencel, just ‘fleece’, lycra, fastskin, leather also to polyester, wool etc.

Marks awarded as follows:

•        No answer worthy of credit (0 marks)
•        1 mark for correct answer. Credit should be given for a less well known
modern fabric which may be specific to a company such as Sealskinz or
Endura.
1

(b)     Reflective strips / panels.

Bright / fluorescent / neon colour.
Padding for comfort / gel palm inserts.
Grips / textured surface / rubberised palm / silicon grip.
Reinforced with stronger fabric.
 Longer cuffs.
Extra cover for wet weather.
Waterproof fabric / sealed seams.
Stain resistant finish.
Insulation / thick fabric.
LED lights.
Fastenings / Velcro / elastic at cuffs / ribbing.
Finger loop for easy removal of gloves.
Heating element / inserts with heat up gel.
Lining.
Fingerless for better control.
Slimmer fit / style, more fitted.

Marks awarded as follows:

•        No answer worthy of credit (0 marks)
•        1 mark for each improvement, up to 2 marks
•        1 mark for each explanation for safety and / or comfort, up to 2 marks.
4
[5]

Q14.
(a)     Candidate will demonstrate knowledge of one type of high-tech fabric that is used in
sportswear. It may be swimwear, fabric worn for athletics, team sports such as rugby
etc.

Name and describe any appropriate modern sportswear fabric to gain marks.

E.g.: Gortex for outdoor sports – laminated with membrane layer, waterproof
and breathable. Aquablade, Fastskin, LZR Racer or any other commercial
high-tech swimwear fabric. This type of fabric usually features a biomimetic
surface structure that imitates sharkskin, or has stripes to streamline passage
through water, or compresses the body using elastane fibres. Hydrophobic
fabric to repel water. Other high-tech sportswear fabric include anti microbial /
bacteria fabric with Nano Silver Anti Bacteria treatment, Sun Block Fabric to
protect from UV light, self-wicking fabric fast evaporation fabric to keep body
cool and dry such as COOLMAX® fabric - perspiration is moved away from
the body, and through the fabric, where it can evaporate quickly, allowing the
wearer to feel cooler and more comfortable.

The candidate may name a specific modern fabric or may describe the
properties and characteristics of a type of modern fabric. Credit is given to
those who show awareness of technological advances in textile materials.
Candidates may refer to micro fibres and micro-encapsulated fabrics,
nanotechnology. Candidates might refer to technical developments in
traditional fibres or to non-traditional fibre sources for fabrics. Lycra is not to be
considered a modern fabric however elastomeric fibres could well form part of
modern fabrics.
New methods of fabric construction might be mentioned or new fabric
properties and functions including new fabric finishes eg Teflon. Ultra violet
protection and moisture management could be referred to. Smart and
interactive textiles such as those that can sense, monitor and react and
transmit information. Reflective or biomimetic fabrics might be described or
those fabrics which are aromatic, or antibacterial or anti-allergenic or easy
care. This part of the question is open to the candidates to show their subject
knowledge.

Marks awarded as follows:

 •        No answer worthy of credit.
(0 marks)

•        Appropriate high-tech sportswear fabric name or simple description.

(1 mark)

•        Appropriate high-tech sportswear fabric name and simple description, or

a more detailed description without a specific fabric name.
(2 marks)

•        Appropriate high-tech sportswear fabric name and a more detailed

description of fabric.
(3 marks)

•        Appropriate high-tech sportswear fabric name and a very detailed

description of fabric properties and characteristics.
(4 marks)

         No to lycra.
If name is correct but description wrong, 1 mark only.
If name is incorrect but description of a modern high-tech sportswear
fabric is correct, up to 2 marks.
4

(b)     Swimwear fabric with stripes or surface texture that creates a channelling

effect to streamline water away from the body and improves speed of
swimmer. Fabric panels compress the body using elastane fibres which
improve muscular efficiency and make aerodynamic. Fabric that prevents the
growth of bacteria & mildew that may cause itching and unpleasant odour to
maintain hygiene and comfort to allow for focus on the sport / non irritating.
Fast wicking fabric to allow sweat to evaporate very quickly to prevent clothes
from sticking to the body. Fabric with UV-Cut fibre could isolate UV ray and
reduce thermal transmission to provide excellent skin protection and
comfortable cool performance.

Marks awarded as follows:

•        No answer worthy of credit.

(0 marks)
•        Basic understanding eg faster / better / more flexible performance.
(1 mark)
•        Simple explanation to include more than one point.
(2 marks)
•        More detailed explanation which links fabric properties and
characteristics with competitor’s performance and sporting
requirements / activity.
(3 marks)

         If Lycra is the answer to part (a) and if the correct points are made about
Lycra in part (b), then up to 2 marks can be given. If answer to part (a) is
incorrect but correct explanation for the named fabric is given in part (b),
then award up to 2 marks.
(Max 3 marks)

(c)    Marks awarded as follows:

No answer worthy of credit.
(0 marks)

Unfair if only some competitors wear this fabric. High-tech sportswear is very
expensive and some competitors will not be able to buy the most expensive
products. Some brands sponsor particular athletes and work to develop a
 product for an individual which is not available to others. The capabilities of the
sportsperson should be awarded rather than the properties of the fabric.
Advertising is linked to new performance fabrics and is based on financial gain
rather than sporting achievements.

1 mark for each correct point up to 2 marks or 2 marks for expansion of one
point.

Accept ‘cheating’, ‘all competitors should wear the same clothing’.

(Max 2 marks)
[9]

Q15.
(a)     (i)

Marks awarded as follows:

No answer worthy of credit
0 marks

1 mark for each correct label link to photo, up to 4 marks

(4 marks)

(ii)     Marks awarded as follows:

No answer worthy of credit

0 marks

Reflective tape – high visibility, reflects car headlights / street lights,

seen at night, easily recognised.
Fluorescent nylon - high visibility, easily seen, strong, dries quickly, non-
iron
Polyester / cotton non-iron fabric – easily laundering / fabric doesn’t
crease, properties related to fibres – soft, strong, cool to wear,
breathable, durable.
Stain resistant fabric with heat set crease – easy to keep clean, smart
appearance given, less laundering needed.
 No to repeat points from question.

1 mark for each correct point, up to 1 mark for each fabric type.
(4 marks)

(b)    Named modern fabric must be different from above.

E.g.: Microfibres used to make fabrics, laminated fabrics such as

Gortex, Fastskin, nanotextiles, phosphorescent, photochromatic printing /
fabric, stomatex etc. Any other recognised modern fabric.
See notes for (i) Modern Materials for more modern fabric examples.

Marks awarded as follows:

No answer worthy of credit
0 marks

1 mark for a named fabric or a description of a fabric.

1 mark

Candidate names and describes fabric.

2 marks
(2 marks)
[10]

Q16.
(a)    Marks awarded as follows:
No answer worthy of credit
0 marks

No to movement device – repeat of example - but explanation mark can be

given if different from example.

A sound recording device is put inside the toy - The child can record sound
and play it back for fun.
Add sound effects / music – to interest / entertain / educate the child
Add light features / game – to interest / entertain / educate the child.

Any other relevant electronic component that may interest / entertain / educate
or make interactive, eg devices for tracking, monitoring, heating or camera,
radio, speakers.

No to non-electric components, eg micro encapsulated, thermochromatic

1 mark for each correct and different point up to 3 marks.

1 mark for each correct explanation up to 3 marks.
(6 marks)

(b)    No to repeat component from (a). No to pocket, and no to dyes.

Could include any other modern fastenings, threads, trimmings, interfacing,

motifs, labels or electronic components such as LEDs, fibre optics, solar
panel, conductive thread, thermal insulating wadding, inflatable technology,
Internet communication device, monitoring / tracking device, components
made from modern or smart materials.

Marks awarded as follows:

No answer worthy of credit
0 marks
 Candidate describes or explains what one other modern component adds to a
textile product. Candidate might have only basic understanding and may be
confused.
1 mark

Candidate describes and explains what one other modern component adds to
a textile product, or gives a detailed description or a detailed explanation.
2 marks

Candidate describes and explains in detail what one other modern component
adds to the product and why this might be useful / appealing to the user, eg
solar panels, inflating pads, monitoring devices, transmitting devices, Internet
communication, conductive thread / wire / fibres
3 marks
(3 marks)
[9]

Q17.
(a)      Marks awarded as follows
No answer worthy of credit
0 marks
Finishing processes can be physical / mechanical, chemical, biological or
coating applied to surface, e.g. teflon, scotch guard, sympatex. Water repellent
silicone, stain resistant resin. Microfibre fabric, Nanotechnology. The
microporous structure of the GORE-TEX® membrane is what makes GORE-
TEX® fabrics completely waterproof, it is a synthetic laminated fabric. Tactel,
Fastskin. Do not accept smart, elastane, polyester. If described but not named
only award 1 mark.
1 mark for a named fabric or named finish or a description of a fabric.
2 marks for a named fabric or named finish and description of fabric to
give more detail.
(2 marks)

(b)     Marks awarded as follows

No answer worthy of credit
0 marks
Silicone finish – water droplets remain on fabric surface, stains and water can
be wiped off.
Stain resistant resins – prevents dirt from clinging to surface.
Nanotechnology – very fine fibres – water droplets too large to go through
fabric
and particles of dirt can be repelled
Microfibre – very fine fibres which are non-absorbent
Laminated – microporous membrane – water droplets too large to go through
fabric.
Permeable – lets the water evaporate out but prevents the rain going in

1 mark for very simple explanation.

2 marks for more detail – mark positively. This is a hard question to
answer. Marks can still be given for correct information about water or
stain resistant fabric if (a) is incorrect.
(2 marks)
[4]

Q18.
(a)      Marks awarded as follows:
No answer worthy of credit
 0 marks
Any named or described electronic device that can be embedded into fabric or
incorporated into clothing for sensing, monitoring, detecting, tracking, charging
batteries, use of internet, medical monitoring, LEDs, lights, GPS,
communication or entertainment purposes. No to smart fabrics.
One electronic component / device simply named or described in a particular
textile product.
1 mark
One electronic component / device simply named or described with more
detail provided to explain how this is incorporated into the particular product
and what function it has, or 2 different ones simply named or described.
2 marks
More than one electronic component / device named or described with more
detail provided to explain how these are incorporated into particular products
and what function they have
3 marks
(3 marks)

(b)     The key word is ‘value’. Environmentally friendly (solar powered), improves

safety, interactive, gives impact, improve the quality of life for some disabled,
entertaining / fun, access to internet, communication, makes product more
desirable / modern / novelty value.
No answer worthy of credit
0 marks

Candidate explains what the electronic technology adds to the textile product.
Candidate might have only basic understanding and may be confused.
(1 mark)

Candidate explains briefly what one or more egs of electronic technology can
be used for and why this might be useful / appealing to the user.
(2 - 3 marks)
Candidate explains in detail what electronic technology can be used for and
why this might be useful / appealing to the user and adds value to the clothing.
More than one example will be given.
(4-5 marks)
(5 marks)
[8]

Q19.
(a)
    Product Description New Technology
 (5 marks)

(b)     Eg: microfibres used to make fabrics, laminated fabrics such as Gortex,

Fastskin, reflective, nanotextiles, phosphorescent, stomatex etc. Any other
recognised modern fabric. Not lycra.
If name is correct but description is wrong = 1 mark

Marks awarded as follows:

No answer worthy of credit
0 marks
Named modern fabric
1 mark
Named and description given
2 marks
(2 marks)
[7]

Q20.
•        Solar panels in rucksacks – provides rechargeable power supply to those on
the move.
Could be used to power laptop, ipod etc.

•        GPS Sat Nav tracking devices in outdoor clothing – can show where a person
is when walking / climbing / skiing etc. Can be used to track an avalanche
victim / child or mentally disabled person – their whereabouts can be
monitored.

•        Internet communication and entertainment devices in jackets – computer and

electronic devices can be incorporated into clothing to give convenient
handsfree facility. Can be for general entertainment and social interaction e.g.
facebook / music / video / computer games etc or for military / police use.

•        Other examples might be mentioned by candidates and credit should also be

given to these. E.g.: sound and light features, technology that is used to
monitor, record and transmit heart rates. Electronic textiles (e-textiles) are
innovative textile materials, (fabrics, yarns and threads), that incorporate
conductive fibres or elements directly into the textile itself. Internet gives other
examples.
Marks awarded as follows:
No answer worthy of credit
0 marks

Simple statements e.g. Electronics can be added to clothing to connect you to the
internet. Candidate will tend to concentrate superficially on only a few ideas and
offers little information, many aspects will be ignored. Little connection made
between modern entertainment hand held devices / integrated electronics and
clothing. Response is structured poorly with little or no use of Design and
Technology terminology and with numerous errors in grammar, punctuation and
spelling.
1-2 marks

More detailed information with example(s). This candidate has some understanding
of new technologies integrated electronics / incorporation of electronic devices, at a
basic level or may have more detailed understanding of a few examples. Response
is fairly well structured with some use of Design and Technology terminology and
with a small number of errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling.
3-4 marks

Sound understanding of a variety of examples with accurate and detailed

information. Response is well structured with good use of appropriate Design and
Technology terminology and shows a good grasp of grammar, punctuation and
spelling
5-6 marks

Excellent understanding of a variety of examples with accurate and detailed

information. Response is well structured with good use of appropriate Design and
Technology terminology and shows a good grasp of grammar, punctuation and
spelling. If bullet points are used to structure answer, then full, detailed sentences
must be employed. Eg: Woven into ‘The Hub’ snowboard jacket are electrically
conductive fabric tracks which connect the chip module to a fabric keyboard and
built-in speakers in the snowboarder’s helmet or audio hat. The iPod provides
entertainment whilst a Bluetooth device can control a mobile phone, with the
microphone integrated in the collar of a jacket or into a hat. Similarly, the tailored
jacket with specially shaped and sized pockets for gadgets and positioned holes to
accommodate wires, responds to the needs of a professional man who seeks stylish
wearable electronics in his work wear.
7-8 marks

Bullet points may be used in answer to this question, as appropriate.

(8 marks)
[8]
Examiner reports

Q4.
This question focussed on smart materials and product life and elicited a range of
responses. Smart materials are now a well known aspect of Design & Technology
teaching, as is the concept of product life span and design life.

Relatively few candidates were able to convincingly explain their understanding of any
smart material with just one in five gaining full marks. Those that answered positively were
able to describe fully the nature of smart material properties and gave good examples of
types and behaviour.

Q5.
Many centres had clearly prepared their candidates well for this topic. A good knowledge
of smart materials was evident and pupils were able to apply their knowledge to the
scenario of preventing ticket fraud.

Q6.
(a)     (i)      There was a mixed response to this question with only a small number of
correct answers seen. Some candidates mentioned lithography but many
responses were incorrect. Screen printing was awarded marks.

(ii)     A fair response was seen but again there was no real depth of knowledge
displayed by candidates and a lack of technical terminology was evident.

(b)    (i)      Responses to these questions seem to vary on a centre by centre basis but in

the main responses given showed that candidates were unfamiliar with the
terms. Phosphorescent ink was often confused with luminescence and
reflective properties.

(ii)     Responses to these questions seem to vary on a centre by centre basis but in

the main responses given showed that candidates were unfamiliar with the
terms. Phosphorescent ink was often confused with luminescence and
reflective properties.

Q7.
Many quality responses using examples of new and smart materials to clarify candidates’
understanding.

Q8.
Candidates responded well to this question, with baby bottles, dental braces, protective
clothing and the prosthetic limb being very popular product choices. Only a few
candidates correctly made reference to corn starch polymers for food packaging.

Q9.
(a)     This question was very centre specific - either answered well by near whole centres
or not at all. Many candidates had no idea what a smart material was and gave
answers such as MDF and acrylic.
Popular correct answers were shape memory alloys or thermo chromic paints
and plastics.
 (b)     Where candidates understood smart materials they could give good examples of
products such as dental braces for shape memory alloys and baby feeding products
for thermo chromic plastics.

Q10.
(a)     Few candidates were able to give a full explanation of the meaning of the term
‘nanomaterial’. Many candidates gained one mark by suggesting that it had
something to do with being small.

(b)     Candidates gained one mark by suggesting a correct example of the use of a
‘nanomaterial’. Reference to it being used ‘in plasters as an antibacterial
agent’ and as ‘a coating on windows to prevent them getting dirty’ were
amongst the most common correct responses.

Q11.
Most candidates correctly named carbon fibre as a suitable composite material used in a
Formula 1 racing car. Most went on to outperform this question by stating a number of
correct reasons why this material would be used. Reference to it being ‘strong’ and
‘lightweight’ were the most popular responses.

Q12.
Teachers and candidates are reminded that only specific materials will be awarded marks
on this paper.

(a)     Nest of tables
The majority of candidates correctly named a specific type of solid wood from which
the nest of tables was likely to have been made from. ‘Oak’ was the most common
correct response.
Incorrect responses included ‘pine’.
Reference to its ‘appearance’ and ‘strength’ were generally given as correct reasons
for their choice.

(b)     Ring
Almost all of the candidates correctly indentified the ring as being made from gold.
Reference to the materials ‘appearance’ and ‘durability’ were generally given as
correct reasons for their choice.

(c)     Food storage boxes

A number of candidates failed to gain a mark by incorrectly naming ‘acrylic’ as a
suitable plastic from which the food storage boxes. Reference to it being ‘waterproof’
and ‘easy to clean’ were generally given as correct reasons for their choice.

(d)    Tennis racket
Many candidates correctly identified that the tennis racket was made from carbon
fibre. Reference to its ‘strength’ and ‘lightness’ were the most common correct
reasons given.

Q13.
(a)     This was not a well answered question. Where candidates had demonstrated
knowledge of a wide range of modern materials in Section A, it was disappointing to
see that they could not then apply their knowledge to Section B and give a modern
fabric for the gloves. Some gave a modern fabric such as ‘fastskin’ but this did not
relate to the gloves and so did not gain a mark. Most common correct answer was
‘goretex’.
 (b)     Full marks often awarded for this question. Most candidates referred to grips on
palm of glove.

Q14.
(a)     Most correct answers related to Fastskin or Gortex. Those that could recall an
appropriate modern fabric showed impressive subject knowledge. However, many
candidates struggled to name a fabric or gave Lycra as a modern fabric which was
incorrect.

(b)     Those who gave a correct answer to part (a) were able to explain points required for
part (b) and many gave very good answers. Those that referred to Lycra as a
continuation from part (a) were given credit for correct points about Lycra up to 2
marks.

(c)     A well answered question with cheating, unfair or expensive being the most popular
answers.

Q15.
(a)    (i)      The majority of candidates were able to correctly identify the elements of police
uniform, the reflective tape and fluorescent fabric most often correctly labelled.

(ii)     Advantages were listed correctly by many candidates although some merely

restated the fabric description rather than pointing out the advantage of, for
example, non-iron fabric.

(b)     Some candidates repeated a fabric from the police uniform and so no marks were
given, but many were able to give an example such as Kevlar, Fastskin or Gore-tex.

Q16.
(a)     A full range of relevant electronic components were listed and explained by many
candidates.

(b)     Candidates who wrote in detail gained the highest marks. Some were
knowledgeable about modern components but made the mistake of repeating
information given in (a) which did not gain further marks. Some candidates seemed
to have mis-read the question and described fabrics rather than components and so
no marks were given.

Q17.
(a)      Although some candidates reportedly found it difficult to identify the non-woven
needle punched / bonded / felted fabric construction B, many candidates who
gained marks for this question were able to label all 3 methods. It was surprising to
see that a large number of candidates could not identify woven or knitted fabric from
the basic diagrams A and C.

(b)     These linked questions proved to be difficult for many candidates to answer; the
impact of fabric choice for use in this product type was better answered by higher
ability candidates. This was true with Goretex being a popular choice of fabric to
name and describe. Some candidates were still considering fabric suitable for an
athlete and listed Lycra which was incorrect; others named fabrics which were not
new, such as nylon.

Q18.
 (a)      These linked questions proved to be difficult for many candidates to answer; some
candidates however, responded with an excellent range of varied examples of
electronic components in textile products and showed in depth subject knowledge
about new technology and product design. These questions were better answered
by higher ability candidates. A few candidates forgot that this question was about
components and wrote about computerised sewing machines.

(b)     Some candidates wrote about how expensive some textile products are rather than
the value added to the products by inclusion of electronic components.

Q19.
(a) and (b)
Candidates gained full marks with ease when they had an awareness of technological
advances in textiles materials.

Q20.
This question tested candidates’ subject knowledge of emerging technologies, in particular
of integrated electronics within textiles design. Most candidates had structured their
answers on the three given examples of modern clothing; those who were able to clearly
describe in a logical and ordered way an understanding of the benefits, gained high
marks.

A few candidates gave further specific examples of how electronics in clothing benefit the
wearer and they provided evidence of a wider subject knowledge. Quality of written
communication was assessed and those who spent a few minutes planning their answer
and ensured information was clearly and coherently organised using specialist vocabulary
when appropriate, gained high marks.