FLOOR HOCKEY COACHING GUIDE

Teaching Floor Hockey Skills

Special Olympics Floor Hockey Coaching Guide
Teaching Floor Hockey Skills

Table of Contents
The Warm-Up 3
Stretching 4
The Cool-Down 15
Stick Handling 16
The Grip 17
Moving with the puck 18
Stick Handling Drills 19
Faults & Fixes Stick Handling 24
Passing 25
Passing Drills 27
Faults & Fixes Passing 33
Receiving 34
Receiving Drills 36
Faults & Fixes Receiving 38
Stick Checking 39
Stick Checking Drills 40
Faults & Fixes Stick Checking 43
Face-off 44
Face-off Drills 46
Faults & Fixes Face-off 48
Shooting on Goal 49
Forehand Shot 50
Lift Shot (Forehand) 50
Backhand Shot 50
Lift Shot (Backhand) 50
Shooting on Goal Drills 52
Faults & Fixes Shooting on Goal 56
Defense 57
Defense Drills 59
Faults & Fixes Defense 64
Offense 65
Offense Drills 68
Faults & Fixes Offense 74
Goal Tending 75
Goal Tending Drills 77
Faults & Fixes Goal Tending 79
Adaptations 80
Cross Training in Floor Hockey 81

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The Warm-Up
A warm-up period is the first part of every training session or preparation for competition. The warm-up starts slowly
and gradually involves all muscles and body parts. In addition to preparing the athlete mentally, warming up also has
several physiological benefits.
The importance of a warm-up prior to exercise cannot be overstressed. Warming up raises the body temperature and
prepares the muscles, nervous system, tendons, ligaments and cardiovascular system for upcoming stretches and
exercises. The chances of injury are greatly reduced by increasing muscle elasticity.

Warming Up:
Raises body temperature
Increases metabolic rate
Increases heart and respiratory rate
Prepares the muscles and nervous system for exercise
The warm-up is tailored for the activity to follow. Warm-ups consist of active motion leading up to more vigorous
motion to elevate heart, respiratory and metabolic rates. The total warm-up period takes at least 25 minutes and
immediately precedes the training or competition. A warm-up period will include the following basic sequence and
components.

Activity Purpose Time (minimum)

Slow aerobic walk/ jog/ Heat muscles 3-5 minutes
fast walk/ run
Stretching Increase range of movement 5 minutes

Aerobic Warm-Up
Activities such as walking, light jogging, walking while doing arm circles and/or jumping jacks.

Walking/ Jogging
Walking/ jogging is the first exercise of an athlete s routine. Athletes begin warming the muscles by walking quickly/
jogging for 3-5 minutes. This circulates the blood through all the muscles, thus providing them greater flexibility for
stretching. The sole objective of the warm-up is to circulate the blood and warm the muscles in preparation for more
strenuous activity.

Running
Running is the next exercise in an athlete s routine. Athletes begin warming the muscles by running slowly for 3-5
minutes. This circulates the blood through all the muscles, thus providing them greater flexibility for stretching. The run
starts out slowly and then gradually increases in speed. The athlete however never reaches even 50 percent of
maximum effort by the end of the run. Remember, the sole objective of this phase of the warm-up is circulating the
blood and warming the muscles in preparation for more strenuous activity.

Stretching
Stretching is one of the most critical parts of the warm-up and an athlete s performance. A more flexible muscle is a
stronger and healthier muscle. A stronger and healthier muscle responds better to exercise and activities and helps
prevent injury. Please refer to the Stretching section for more in-depth information.

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Stretching
Flexibility is critical to an athlete s optimal performance in both training and competition. Flexibility is achieved
through stretching. Stretching follows an easy aerobic jog at the start of a training session or competition.
Begin with an easy stretch to the point of tension and hold this position for 15-30 seconds until the pull lessens.
When the tension eases, slowly move further into the stretch until tension is again felt. Hold this new position for an
additional 15 seconds. Each stretch should be repeated 4-5 times on each side of the body.
It is also important to continue to breathe while stretching. As you lean into the stretch, exhale. Once the stretching
point is reached, keep inhaling and exhaling while holding the stretch. Stretching should be a part of everyone s daily
life. Regular, daily stretching has been demonstrated to have the following effects:
1. Increase the length of the muscle-tendon unit
2. Increase joint range of motion
3. Reduce muscle tension
4. Develop body awareness
5. Promote increased circulation
6. Make you feel good

Some athletes, like those with Down Syndrome, may have low muscle tone that makes them appear more flexible.
Be careful not to allow these athletes to stretch beyond a normal, safe range. Several stretches are dangerous to
perform for all athletes and should never be part of a safe stretching program. These unsafe stretches include the
following:

Neck Backward Bending

Trunk Backward Bending

Spinal Roll
Stretching is effective only if the stretch is performed correctly. Coaches need to assist athletes in focusing on
proper body positioning and alignment. Take the calf stretch, for example. Many athletes do not keep the feet forward,
in the direction that they are running.

Incorrect Correct

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Another common mistake in stretching is bending the back in an attempt to get a better stretch from the hips. An
example is a simple sitting forward leg stretch.

Incorrect Correct

This guide will focus on some basic stretches for major muscle groups. Along the way, the guide will also identify
some stretches that are floor hockey specific. The guide will start at the top of the body and work down the body to the
legs and feet.

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Upper Body

Chest Opener Side Stretch

Clasp hands behind back Raise arms over head

Palms facing in Clasp forearms
Push hands toward sky Bend to one side

Side Arm Stretch Trunk Twist

Raise arms over head If the athlete is unable to clasp Stand with back to wall
Clasp hands, palms up the hands, a good stretch can Turn, reach palms to wall
Push hands toward sky still be achieved by pushing
the hands to the sky

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Triceps Stretch Shoulder Stretch

Raise both arms over head Take elbow into hand

Bend right arm, bring hand to back Pull to opposite shoulder
Grasp elbow of bent arm and pull gently toward Arm may be straight or bent
the middle of the back
Repeat with other arm

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Chest Stretch

Clasp hands behind neck This is a simple stretch that the athletes may not
Push elbows back feel when stretching. However, it opens up the
Keep the back straight and tall chest and inner shoulder areas, preparing the chest
and arms for the workout.

Neck Stretch

Roll the neck from shoulder to shoulder with chin touching body at all times
Do not perform full circles as they may hyperextend the neck
Tell athlete to roll neck to right, center and left. Never have the athlete roll neck backwards.

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Low Back & Glutes

Crossed Ankle Stretch

Sit, legs outstretched, crossed at ankles

Reach extended arms in front of body

Groin Stretch

Sit, bottoms of feet touching Here, the athlete is correctly bringing his
Hold feet/ankles chest to his feet and not pulling his toes
Bend forward from hips toward his body
Ensure that the athlete is pulling up in the
lower back

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Hip Rolls

Lie on back, arms outstretched Work on keeping the knees together to get
Bring knees to chest the full stretch through the buttocks
Slowly drop knees to left (exhale)
Bring knees back to chest (inhale)
Slowly drop knees to right (exhale)

Supine Hamstring Stretch

Lie on back, legs outstretched

Bring legs to chest, alternating legs
Bring both legs to chest for a variation on the stretch

Downward Facing Dog

Kneel, hands directly under shoulders, knees Drop heels to ground Alternate raising to toes on one
under hips Excellent stretch for the leg, while keeping other foot flat
Lift heels until standing on toes lower back on ground
Slowly lower heels to ground Excellent stretch to prevent and
Continue alternating up and down slowly help shin splints

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Lower Body

Calf Stretch Calf Stretch w/Bent Knee

Bend forward leg slightly Bend both knees to ease strain

Bend ankle of back leg
Athlete may also stand facing a wall/fence

Hamstring Stretch Seated Straddle Stretch

Legs straight out and together Legs straddled, bend at hips

Legs are not locked Reach out toward the middle
Bend at hips, reach toward ankles Keep the back straight
As flexibility increases, reach for feet
Push out through the heels, forcing toes to
the sky

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Hurdle Stretch

Correct alignment of the lead leg is important in a hurdle stretch. The foot must be
aligned in the forward direction of running.

Bend knee, touch bottom of foot to opposite thigh

Straight leg, toes are toward sky
Push out through the heel, forcing toes to the sky
Bend at hips in nice easy stretch, reaching toward the feet or ankles
Bring chest to knee

Quad Stretch

Stand with foot flat on ground

Bend knee towards buttock while grasping ankle with hand
Pull foot directly toward buttock
Do not twist knee
Stretch can be done standing alone or balancing with partner or fence/ wall

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Forward Bend

Stand, arms outstretched overhead

Slowly bend at waist
Bring hands to ankle level without strain
Point toward feet

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Stretching - Quick Reference Guidelines

Start Relaxed
Do not begin until athletes are relaxed and muscles are warm
Be Systematic
Start at the top of body and work your way down
Progress from General to Specific
Start general, then move into sport-specific exercises
Easy Stretching before Developmental
Make slow, progressive stretches
Do not bounce or jerk to stretch farther
Use Variety
Make it fun; use different exercises to work the same muscles
Breathe Naturally
Do not hold your breath; stay calm and relaxed
Allow for Individual Differences
Athletes will start and progress at different levels
Stretch Regularly
Always include time for warm-up and cool-down
Stretch at home as well

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The Cool-Down
Even though the cool-down is as important as the warm-up, it is often ignored. Stopping an activity abruptly may cause
pooling of the blood and slow the removal of waste products in the athlete's body. It may also cause cramps, soreness
and other problems for Special Olympics athletes. The cool-down gradually reduces the body temperature and heart rate
and speeds the recovery process before the next training session or competitive experience. The cool-down is also a
good time for the coach and athlete to talk about the session or competition. Note that cool-down is also a good time to
do stretching. Muscles are warm and receptive to stretching movements.

Activity Purpose Time (minimum)

Slow aerobic jog/ run Lowers body temperature 5 minutes
Gradually lowers heart rate
Light stretching Removes waste from muscles 5 minutes

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Stick H andling
The most important aspect of floor hockey is stick control. Without stick control, the coach cannot teach any of the
other aspects of the game.

Your Athlete Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Pick up stick and put proper end on ground
Grip the stick with one hand controlling stick
Grip the stick with two hands controlling stick
Pass the puck to another athlete
Pass the puck without a high stick
Move stick from one side of body to the other while moving
Change grip to accommodate next move
Move puck without looking down at it
Look in one direction and pass puck in another
Move around the court while controlling puck
Stick check
Shoot on goal
Shoot on goal without a high stick
Perform a lift shot

Totals

Athlete Readiness
Beginning athletes will have very limited control with their stick. They will rarely catch the puck with their stick and
when, passing the puck to another athlete, will have just as much chance to pass it as to leave it at their feet. Their grip
will change with every exercise and from one side of the body to the other. When they have possession of the puck,
they will always be looking at the puck and not at any other athletes on the court. When you ask them to pass the puck,

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they will generally not look at the athlete whom they are supposed to pass to. When passing a puck, it will always
remain on the ground. Also, when following through on a pass, they may have a high stick.

Intermediate athletes will have moderate control with their stick. They will usually catch the puck with their stick
and can pass the puck in the correct direction, but not always directly to the person intended. They will have their own
grip, but usually from only one side of the body. They cannot tell if their stick has the puck without looking, but they
can move with the puck and pass while looking up about half of the time and at the puck the other half. If they
concentrate hard enough, they can do a lift shot, but never under pressure. At this level, they will be aware of their high
sticks and work on keeping them down.
Advanced athletes will have complete control with their stick. They will always catch the puck with their stick and
can pass the puck directly to the feet of their intended receiver. They can move the puck without having to look down
to see if they still have it and can pass using their stick on either side of the body. They will always perform a lift shot
and will have several grips to use as needed to aid them in getting the puck where they want it to go (corners of goal,
etc.).

The Grip

Teaching the Skill

Before athletes can learn any pass, they must first learn to hold the stick properly. Teach the basic grip: the dominant
hand should be the lower hand. If the athlete is right handed, the right hand should be under the left hand. Have athlete
shake hands with the stick, with the palms facing up as though they were shoveling. Hands should be a couple of
inches apart, with elbows loose and bent and arms hanging loosely, ready for any action. If this grip is uncomfortable,
try reversing hands, putting the dominant hand on top. Also, move hands so that the palms face down as though they
were sweeping, and see if this grip is more comfortable.

Teaching Points
Encourage athletes to keep the tip of their stick below their waist at all times. Show them how to control the stick by
using both hands. The bottom hand acts as a pivot point and the top hand is the control. The lower you drop that top
hand, the higher the tip will come off the ground.

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Key Words
Two hands on the stick
Keep your stick down
Keep you head up

Coaching Tip
Encourage athletes to handle the puck without looking at it. Let them know that everyone misses at times and they
will learn to feel the puck at the end of their stick eventually. In the meantime, it s OK when they miss or leave
the puck behind them. The more they practice, the sooner they will master this skill.

Moving with the puck

Teaching the Skill

Moving with the puck allows an athlete to move the puck from one area of the court to another without giving up
control. Your athletes need to be aware of several things at the same time: where they are on the court in relationship to
their teammates and those on the opposing team, and where the goal is. In this case, practice makes perfect that is
to say, the more hands-on experience your athletes get in this area, the better they will be. Have the athletes concentrate
on where they want to go first, and then add in obstacles as they master control of this skill. Use drills to hone this skill.

Teaching Points
As with all skills involving the puck, your athletes must learn to feel the puck at the end of the stick. Keeping the
head up and looking at the other athletes on the court is a main priority. As the athletes move around on the court with
the puck, show them how to avoid having the puck taken from them by turning their body to shield the puck from an
attacker and keeping their body between that athlete and the puck.

Key Words
Keep your head up
Keep moving
Shield/ protect your puck

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Stick H andling Drills

1. Weave and Shoot Drill (same drill as Individual Skills Contest): Athlete weaves 21 meters through cones
placed every 3 meters and shoots at goal.

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2. Follow the Leader Drill: Athletes practice stick handling behind the leader, who can go in any path. Leaders
should vary their speed and navigate around obstacles as appropriate for the level of the team. Have several
groups with several leaders.

3. Circle Weave Drill: Athlete stick handles a puck in and out of a circle of teammates. Athlete then gives the
puck to next person who does the same. Continue until the entire team has made the run. Lower level teams
may start this drill at a walk and then build up to a jog or trot. Higher level teams may start at a jog or trot and
then build up to a run.

4. Red light-Green light Drill: Athletes line up at the starting line at one end of the court. On coach s command
green light, athletes move forward with stick and puck. On coach s command red light, athlete stops. Any
athlete moving during the red light returns to starting line. First athlete to the finish line wins. The coach

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should make the green lights short enough so that the athletes stop 2 to 4 times before they can reach the other
side of the court.

5. Gauntlet Drill: Athlete stick handles a puck in a straight line past a double line of teammates, which are
staggered at 2-meter intervals on either side. The stick handling lane should be a minimum of 2 meters wide. If a
teammate is successful in stick checking the athlete who is running the gauntlet, that teammate becomes the next
runner of the gauntlet, from the beginning. The athlete who was stick checked takes the place of the new runner
in the line. The teammates on the line should not step into the lane; they should only stick check as the runner
passes through their area on the line. NOTE: The line will not be able to steal the puck, only dislodge it from the
runner s stick.

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6. Musical Pucks Drill: Athletes run outside a circle of cones or a line on the court. On a whistle, each athlete has
to retrieve a puck from the center and stick handle it to a cone or outside the lined area. There are fewer pucks
than athletes. Whoever doesn t get a puck is out. The drill can be varied with the number of pucks and can
continue until one or more athletes are left controlling pucks.

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7. Steal the Puck Drill: This is the same game/ variation as the musical pucks drill (see above drill), only the
pucks can be stick checked from another athlete before that athlete can get to the safety zone.

8. Relay Races: Evenly divide athletes into several lines. Demonstrate a designated skill and then have the athletes
try the skill. First team that has all of its athletes finished and sitting down gets a point. To even out abilities of
teams, let the losing team draft from the winning team and give the winning team an athlete in exchange. Stick
handling races can include: forward, backward, accelerate, stop on whistle, weave in and out of cones (forward,
backward, two at a time), weave around defender, weave up and pass back to next in line, move to next cone and
pass (keep repeating until reaching last cones), etc.

9. Square Relay Race: Evenly divide athletes to four corners of square. Races can include weaving in and out of
cones in the same direction, opposite directions, diagonally across the square, passing across the square, etc.
Give points to winning teams, draft pick to losing teams.

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Faults & Fixes -- Stick H andling

Common Mistakes Correction Drill Reference

Athlete leaves the puck behind Remind athlete to keep stick on Musical Pucks Drill
ground
Follow the Leader Drill
While in possession of the puck Remind athlete to keep head up Follow the Leader Drill
the athlete keeps eyes on the while in possession of the puck
ground
Coach does not know which hand Determine from athlete which Circle Weave Drill
is dominant on the athlete hand is dominant

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Passing
Passing is the act of moving the puck from one athlete to another across the court.

Your Athlete Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Pick up stick and put proper end on ground
Grip the stick with one hand controlling stick
Grip the stick with two hands controlling stick
Pass a puck to another athlete
Pass the puck without a high stick
Pass puck without looking down at it
Look in one direction and pass puck in another direction
Follow through on a pass by pointing the tip of the stick toward
direction of the receiving athlete
Pass around another athlete

Totals

Teaching the Skill

For passing, athletes can use any acceptable grip. Coaches should demonstrate the basic grip and adapt as necessary.
The athletes will need to step forward as they release the puck. Their follow-through should have the tip of the stick
pointing in the direction of the target. As the athletes gain confidence, have them move farther away from the target,
trying to double the distance from where they first started. As they gain even more confidence, have them pass faster
and harder, emphasizing speed and accuracy.

Teaching Points
If an athlete is having trouble making an accurate pass, try changing the grip. As a coach, you may need to start back
with the basics and re-teach the skill again. If that still doesn t work, help the athlete adapt a grip he or she can use.

Key Words
Keep your head up

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Look at your target

Step into the pass
Use both hands
Put the stick in the puck
Follow through

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Passing Drills
1. Circle Drill: Arrange athletes in a circle. An athlete with the puck passes to another athlete who then runs
around the outside of a circle while stick-handling and returns to his/her space. That athlete then passes the puck
to another teammate. Make sure that every athlete has a chance to practice the drill.

2. Accuracy Pass Drill: Have athletes pass the puck back and forth between markers. Instruct them to pass soft
and slow when they start. As their skill increases, move the athletes farther apart and have them make their
passes harder and faster.

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3. Distance Drill: This drill teaches passing accuracy and gives the athlete a feel for the amount of force needed to
pass a specific distance. Two athletes stand at least three meters apart, facing each other. Another athlete stands
between them with legs spread. The two athletes on the end pass the puck back and forth between the third
athlete s legs. Vary the difficulty by varying the distance.

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4. Limbo Stick Drill: The purpose of this drill is to emphasize stick control (high sticking) after a pass. Standing
just past two cones, a coach holds a stick parallel to the ground at the height of the athlete s hips (adjust to
accommodate each athlete s height). The athletes form a single line. One at a time, they run toward the cones
and pass the puck to a designated target or another athlete while keeping their stick from striking the coach s
stick (limbo stick).

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5. Jog and Shoot Drill: Arrange several athletes in a line, jogging in place. Pick an athlete to be the server, who
passes the puck to a teammate in the line, who passes back to the server. The server passes to another teammate,
who passes back to server. Repeat until all athletes have had a turn to pass.

6. One on One Drill: Athletes form a single line at one end of the facility. Two athletes step forward (one athlete
on offense and one on defense). On the coach s whistle, the athletes run the length of the facility. The athlete on
defense tries to stick check the athlete on offense while the athlete on offense tries to protect the puck. When the
athlete on defense properly stick checks the athlete on offense and gains control of the puck, that athlete switches
to offense and the athlete who was stick checked switches to defense. The objective of this drill is to emphasize
proper stick checking while moving on the court.

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7. Two on Two Drill: Athletes form two lines at one end of the facility. Four athletes step forward (two athletes on
offense and two athletes on defense). On the coach s whistle, the athletes on offense pass to each other while
running the length of the facility. The athletes on defense a) try to impede the forward movement of the athletes
on offense; b) try to block the view of the athletes on offense; or c) try to stick check the puck away from the
athletes on offense. When the athletes on defense properly gain control of the puck from the athletes on offense,
those athletes switch to offense and the athletes who lost control of the puck switch to defense. This is the same
drill as the One on One Drill, except the athletes work in pairs.

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8. Give and Go Drill: Divide athletes into groups. Working in pairs, one athlete passes down court to the second
athlete and then runs past the teammate to receive a pass. Athletes should continue passing and running ahead
until they reach the other end of the court. This encourages passing and staying aware of teammate position.
NOTE: Passing should always be in front (between the receiver and the goal) of the intended athlete so that the
athlete does not have to slow down or stop forward motion to gain control of the puck. It is important that the
athletes understand this concept.

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Faults & Fixes Passing

Common Mistakes Correction Drill Reference

Athlete leaves the puck behind Keep stick on the ground and in Circle Drill
the puck
Puck is short of the target Put more force behind the pass Distance Drill
Puck is passed with too much Put less force behind the pass Distance Drill
force
Puck misses the target Look at target and follow through Accuracy Pass Drill
in the direction of target
High stick occurs during follow- Keep tip of stick below waist Limbo Stick Drill
through height

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Receiving
Receiving is the act of stopping the puck and taking possession/control from a pass.

Your Athlete Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Pick up stick and put proper end on ground
Grip the stick with one hand controlling stick
Grip the stick with two hands controlling stick
Move stick from one side of body to the other while moving
Change grip to accommodate next move
Use stick to stop the puck
Use foot to stop the puck
Move toward the puck to receive the pass
Move around obstacle to receive the pass
Place tip of stick inside of puck while the puck is moving
Place tip of stick inside of puck while the athlete is moving

Totals

Teaching the Skill

The receiver will need to keep focused on the puck as it moves toward him/her. The coach will need to show the athlete
how to step toward the moving puck and catch it by putting the stick inside the puck, or by stopping it with the foot.
If necessary, the athlete can slap it down with the hand.

Teaching Points
If athletes are having trouble catching a pass, hand-toss pucks on the floor for them until they can judge the speed,
and then return to the drill.
It is very important to teach the athletes the importance of keeping control of the puck within their team and away
from the opposing team.

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Key Words
Keep your head up
Step toward the puck
Stop the puck
Control the puck

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Receiving Drills
1. Circle Drill: Arrange athletes in a circle. An athlete with the puck passes to another athlete who then runs
around the outside of a circle while stick handling and returns to his/her space. That athlete then passes the puck
to another teammate. Make sure that every athlete has a chance to practice the drill.

2. Accuracy Pass Drill: Have athletes pass the puck back and forth between markers. Instruct them to pass soft
and slow when they start. As their skill increases, move the athletes farther apart and have them make their
passes harder and faster.

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3. Distance Drill: This drill teaches passing accuracy and gives the athlete a feel for the amount of force needed to
pass a specific distance. Two athletes stand at least three meters apart, facing each other. Another athlete stands
between them with legs spread. The two athletes on the end pass the puck back and forth between the third
athlete s legs. Vary the difficulty by varying the distance.

4. Give and Go Drill: Divide athletes into groups. Working in pairs, one athlete passes down court to the second
athlete and then runs past the teammate to receive a pass. Athletes should continue passing and running ahead
until they reach the other end of the court. This encourages passing and staying aware of teammate position.
NOTE: Passing should always be in front (between the receiver and the goal) of the intended athlete so that the
athlete does not have to slow down or stop forward motion to gain control of the puck. It is important that the
athletes understand this concept.

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Faults & Fixes Receiving

Common Mistakes Correction Drill Reference

Athlete misses the puck Keep your eye on the puck Accuracy Pass Drill
Distance Drill

Athlete cannot control puck after Put stick inside of puck to control Give and Go Drill
stopping it the puck
Athlete catches the puck and holds Teach athlete to slap the puck Accuracy Pass Drill
instead of slapping it down down instead of holding the puck
Distance Drill

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Stick Checking
Stick checking is the act of momentarily jarring the opponent s stick out of the puck to let the athlete put his or her own
stick inside of the puck. Stick checking is the most effective way to take the puck away from an opponent.

Your Athlete Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Pick up stick and put proper end on ground
Grip the stick with one hand controlling stick
Grip the stick with two hands controlling stick
Move stick from one side of body to the other while moving
Change grip to accommodate next move
Identify the opponent with the puck
Move the bottom end of the stick under the opponent s stick
Lift the opponent s stick out of the puck
Place his/her own stick in the puck
Control the puck after taking possession

Totals

Teaching the Skill

Instruct your athlete to move toward the athlete with the puck. Have the athlete move the bottom of his or her stick
under the opposing athlete s stick and make a short upward or sideways movement, dislodging the other athlete s stick
from the center of the puck. The athlete then places his or her own stick in the puck, gaining control from the other
athlete/team. Sometimes the puck will travel away from the athletes after the controlling stick is dislodged. Show your
athlete how to follow it and take possession on the move.

Teaching Points
It is important that as the opponent s stick is hit, the athlete does not allow his or her own stick to high-stick. Teach
the athlete how to keep the stick low.

Key Words
Stick check
Underneath
Lift their stick
Keep your stick low
Get the puck

Coaching Tips
Stick checking can be done face-to-face, or your athlete can come up from behind and stick check from beside the
opposing athlete. As both athletes are moving in the same direction, the puck will definitely be loose, and your
athlete will need to follow it to retrieve it.

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Stick Checking Drills

1. One on One Stick Check Drill: Athletes form a single line at one end of the facility. Two athletes step forward
(one athlete on offense and one on defense). On the coach s whistle, the athletes run the length of the facility.
The athlete on defense tries to stick check the athlete on offense while the athlete on offense tries to protect the
puck. When the athlete on defense properly stick checks the athlete on offense and gains control of the puck,
that athlete switches to offense and the athlete who was stick checked switches to defense. The objective of this
drill is to emphasize proper stick checking while moving on the court.

2. Musical Sticks Drill: Athletes run outside a circle of cones or a line on the court. On the coach s whistle, each
athlete has to retrieve a puck from the center and stick handle it to a cone or outside the lined area. There are
fewer pucks than there are athletes, so an athlete can stick check a puck before another athlete gets it to a cone or
outside of the lined area, designated as a safe zone. Whoever doesn t retrieve a puck and make it to the safe
zone is out.

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3. Gauntlet Drill: Athlete stick handles a puck in a straight line past a double line of teammates, who are staggered
at 2-meter intervals on either side. The stick handling lane should be a minimum of 2 meters wide. If a teammate
is successful in stick checking the athlete who is running the gauntlet, that teammate becomes the next runner of
the gauntlet, from the beginning. The athlete who was stick checked takes the place of the new runner in the line.
The teammates on the line should not step into the lane; they should only stick check as the runner passes
through their area on the line. NOTE: The teammates will not be able to steal the puck, only dislodge it from the
runner s stick.

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Faults & Fixes -- Stick Checking

Common Mistakes Correction Drill Reference

Athlete stick checks his or her Teach athlete to only stick check One on One Stick Check Drill
own teammate an opponent
High stick from missed stick Keep tip of stick below waist Limbo Stick Drill
check height
Athlete slashes opponent rather Teach athlete to have an upward Musical Sticks Drill
than performing a stick check or sideways movement of stick
Gauntlet Drill
One on One Stick Check Drill

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Face-off
Face-off is the act of starting play after each stoppage of play.

Your Center Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Pick up stick and put proper end on ground
Grip the stick with one hand controlling stick
Grip the stick with two hands controlling stick
Identify the face-off circle
Stand outside of the face-off circle
Keep stick on own side of the face-off circle
Wait for the whistle before sweeping
React to whistle
Sweep puck out of the circle
Sweep puck to intended target

Totals

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Teaching the Skill

Use one of the face-off circles on the court. Have your center stand on one side of the line, with an opposing center on
the other side. Show the centers where to put their sticks (anywhere on the circle on their side of the line) and then help
them sweep the puck from the circle so they understand what they are supposed to do. Explain to the athletes that they
will do this on the whistle and that they cannot take control of the puck, but must sweep it to another athlete. After an
athlete does this for the first time, the coach should make any corrections to the athlete s stance (too far away, too close,
etc.), hands, feet and body positions. Repeat exercise until each athlete has a firm grasp of his or her own
responsibility.

Teaching Points
Your athletes will need to understand that they must continue to sweep the puck until it leaves the circle or until another
athlete has taken possession. If the puck does not clear the circle on the first sweep, the athletes should continue
sweeping, or they can kick the puck out of the circle with their foot. Once another athlete has touched the puck, they
can then attempt to take control of the puck themselves by putting their stick inside the center of the puck.

Key Words
Listen for the whistle
Eyes on the puck
Use both hands
Sweep the puck

Coaching Tips
Most athletes will want to sweep the puck back to their teammates. Teach the athletes to control the puck and that
they can sweep the puck forward, sideways or backward depending on your coaching preference and the ability of the
athletes.

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Face-off Drills
1. Sweeper Pass Drill: On the coach s whistle, the athlete sweeps the puck to a stationary teammate; score a point
for an accurate sweep to teammate.

2. Swiftest Sweeper Drill: On the coach s whistle, two athletes attempt to sweep the puck out of circle.
Round 2: winners play each other and losers play each other.

3. Cone Sweep Drill: On the coach s whistle, the athlete sweeps the puck out of circle toward designated targets
that are set up at various angles around the face-off circle. The objective of this drill is to improve the athletes
accuracy while sweeping the puck.

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4. Sweep on Goal Drill: On the coach s whistle, the athlete sweeps the puck toward the goal as a shot.

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Faults & Fixes -- Face-o ff

Common Mistakes Correction Drill/Test Reference

Center puts the stick inside of the Teach the center to sweep the Sweeper Pass Drill
puck at whistle puck
Center misses the puck when Teach the center to sweep the Swiftest Sweeper Drill
sweeping puck
Center cannot control the direction Teach the center to sweep the Cone Sweep Drill
of sweep puck to target
Center takes control of the puck Teach the center to wait until the Sweeper Pass Drill
before another athlete touches the puck touches another athlete
puck before taking control

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Shooting on Goal
Shooting on goal is the act of moving the puck forward in an attempt to score a goal.

Your Athlete Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Pick up stick and put proper end on ground
Grip the stick with one hand controlling stick
Grip the stick with two hands controlling stick
Put tip of stick inside of puck
Control the puck
Shoot puck without looking down at it
Shoot on goal while standing still
Shoot on goal while moving
Shoot on goal without a high stick
Shoot on goal without causing a crease violation
Execute a forehand shot on goal
Execute a backhand shot on goal
Execute a lift shot on goal
Score a goal

Totals

Teaching the Skill

Athletes will need to place the tip of the stick inside the puck. Have them focus their eyes on the goal. While taking
steps forward, have them sweep stick across the body, shooting puck toward the goal. Make sure they follow through
with stick pointing toward desired target area. Coaches should teach the athletes to shoot:
1. In front of the net
2. At various angles from the net
3. At various corners of the net
4. While moving toward the net
5. While moving and receiving a pass
6. While being guarded
7. While screening the goalie and staying out of the crease
8. Off of a deflected shot, staying out of the crease
9. While faking a shot in another direction
10. As accurately and as hard as they can

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Forehand Shot
Athlete stands facing the goal, with the stick in the puck on his or her dominant side. Dominant hand should be lower
on the stick, arm almost fully extended and the palm should be facing up. The other hand should be near the top of the
stick and the palm should be facing down. With eyes focused on target, athlete should move the puck back a few inches
and then forward again, following through to make a shot, while stepping forward with the non-dominant foot. On
the follow-through, the stick tip should be pointing at the target, no higher than waist level. A snap of the wrist will
produce more power on the shot.

Lift Shot (Forehand)

NOTE: The forehand lift shot is very similar in technique to the forehand shot, with a few exceptions.
1. The tip of the stick must catch the lower front lip of the inside of the puck to obtain the necessary lift.
2. The forehand lift shot will usually not flip through the air as is often the case with the basic backhand shot. This
allows for potentially more power and is normally more difficult to master.
3. Obtaining maximum lifting potential is aided by a strong wrist snap from the lower right hand.
4. Depending on shooting style, some athletes find it effective to lower the upper torso over the puck to some
degree before bringing the arms forward and snapping the wrist to create lift.

Backhand Shot
Athlete stands facing the goal, with the stick in the puck on his or her non-dominant side. Dominant hand should be
lower on the stick, arm almost fully extended and the palm should be facing up. The other hand should be near the top
of the stick and the palm should be facing down. With eyes focused on target, athlete should move the puck back a few
inches and then forward again, following through to make a shot, while stepping forward with the dominant foot. On
the follow-through, the stick tip should be pointing at the target, no higher than waist level. A snap of the wrist will
produce more power on the shot.
NOTE: If shooting the puck from the right side, the left foot steps forward; if shooting the puck from the left side, the
right foot steps forward.

Lift Shot (Backhand)

Taught the same as the backhand shot, but with more wrist snap and arm whip. Often the puck is shot in more of a
round sweeping motion, as opposed to the back and forth motion of the stick when shooting the basic backhand shot.

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Focus is on getting the tip of the stick to catch the front of the puck at the bottom to achieve lift. Once athletes have
developed a strong stationary backhand lift shot, they will be ready to learn how to create lift and power
simultaneously. The difference in this shot is that the puck will not flip when lifted, but will fly as a saucer with much
improved aerodynamics.

Advanced Skills
As athletes shooting skills develop, introduction of the following is appropriate:
Dynamic shot Shooting on the run is most common and should be encouraged.
Sliding forehand Shooting puck while body is sliding to shooting side (i.e. sliding into base in baseball).
Blind backhand Shooting with back to goal target; no visual contact with goal.
Between legs Shooting as backhand normally, flip puck between legs toward goal; no visual contact with
target.
Re-direction Re-directing puck that is moving toward goal area. Usually comes from a pass or another shot.
Stick strikes outside edge of moving puck and re-directs it towards goal.
Teaching Points
Make sure athletes understand that while shooting on goal, the high stick rule still applies. Make sure that athletes
understand about the goal crease. Teach the athletes that their stick is an extension of their body and it also cannot cross
the crease. Have them practice shooting as close to the goal as possible without causing a crease violation.

Key Words
Take a step
Look at the goal
Shoot
Follow through
Keep your stick down
Watch the crease

Coaching Tips
Train your athletes to shoot around, not at, the goalie. Eventually you will be able to teach your athletes to pick the
open spot(s) to shoot at on the goal. Athletes should be able to vary the placement of their shots to increase their odds
of scoring a goal.

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Shooting on Goal Drills

1. Shoot Around the Goal Drill (same drill as Individual Skills Contest): Five pucks are placed at varying
places around the goal. Athlete moves from puck to puck shooting on goal while being timed.

2. Weave and Shoot Drill (same drill as Individual Skills Contest): Athlete weaves 21 meters through cones
placed every 3 meters and shoots at goal.

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3. Limbo Stick Drill: The purpose of this drill is to emphasize stick control (no high sticking) after a shot. A coach
holds a stick parallel to the ground at the height of the athlete s hips (adjust to accommodate each athlete s
height), just past two cones. The athletes form a single line. One at a time, they run, toward the cones where the
coach is holding the stick and shoot the puck on goal while keeping their stick from striking the coach s stick
(limbo stick). An additional modification to this drill is to add a goalie.

4. Pass and Shoot Drill: One line of athletes faces the goal and advances, one at a time, toward the goal. Another
line of athletes is off to the side. The athlete at the head of the first line passes to the athlete at head of the second
line, runs toward the goal to receive the return pass and then shoots for corner of goal. Have athletes return to the
opposite line to continue the drill. Make sure each athlete does the drill from both lines at least once.

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5. Shoot for Accuracy Drill: Practice against a target to ensure success. Progress from wide and close targets to
narrow and more distant ones. Spray-painted milk cartons hung on the goal crossbar make good targets for goal
shooting. NOTE: Targets may be as simple as taped X s on the wall.

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6. Sieve Shooting Drill: A vinyl or plastic sieve is attached to the goal. The sieve has the corners cut out to give
the athletes a target at which to shoot.

NOTE: All above drills can be performed using Forehand, Backhand and/or Lift shots.

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Faults & Fixes -- Shooting on Goal

Common Mistakes Correction Drill Reference

Puck misses target Keep eye on target Shoot for Accuracy Drill
Follow through Shoot Around the Goal Drill
Athlete causes crease violation Have athlete shoot from farther Weave and Shoot Drill
distance
High stick occurs during follow- Keep tip of stick below shoulder Limbo Stick Drill
through height
Athlete shoots at the goalie Teach the athlete to shoot around Shoot for Accuracy Drill
the goalie
Sieve Shooting Drill

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Defense
Defense is the act of assisting your team s goalie in protecting the goal.

Your Athlete Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Identify his or her own goalie
Position self between the opponent and the goal
Maintain proper defensive position
Track a moving puck
Block or stop puck with body
Block or stop puck with stick
Stick check an opponent
Body check an opponent
Intercept a moving puck
Clear the puck out of the defensive end
Clear the puck from the goal crease without stepping into the crease
Communicate with teammates
Work with another teammate to trap an opposing athlete
Make an outlet pass to a teammate to start an offensive play

Totals

Teaching the Skill

The easiest way to take the puck back is to intercept a pass. This is an excellent method of stopping the opponent s
scoring threat. The athlete has to use both the eyes and body to get in position to intercept a pass. Once in position, the
athlete only has to place the body or stick in front of the puck to intercept it. By anticipating where the opponents are
going to pass, the athlete can move into a strategic intercepting position. Some opponents have certain patterns that they
always seem to follow. If your athletes knows the pattern, they can then intercept the pass.
Be sure your athletes know that stick checking is the optimal way to steal the puck. (Refer back to Stick Handling
Stick Checking for skill). Forwards should also be taught to look for opportunities to trap the opposing athlete with
the puck. Trapping involves a guard delaying the athlete on offense while a forward moves in on the other side and
traps /steals the puck, like a double team.
Maintaining proper position is important in minimizing goal scoring opportunities by the opponents. That is why
each athlete should know where to be and what to do at any given time. Teammates should work together to try to stop
the opponents from scoring. Positioning gives order to otherwise random play.
GUARDS: The right defenseman stays on the right half of the court while the left defenseman stays on the left half of
the court. When an opponent gains control of the puck, the right defenseman should be positioned on the right side in
front of the goal crease, and the left defenseman should be in the middle protecting the front of the goal and watching
for a pass across court. The right defenseman should be positioned between the opponent with the puck and the goal. If
the puck is in the middle, the right and left defensemen should be next to each other between the opponent with the
puck and the goal. If the puck is on the left side, the right defenseman should be in the middle protecting the front of the

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goal crease and watching for a pass. The right and left defensemen must work together, playing a zone defense outside
the goal crease.
FORWARDS: The center plays the whole court. When an opponent gains control of the puck, the center should be
positioned in the middle and in front of the goal. The center works with the two defensemen in defending the opponents
and trying to steal the puck. The right wing can help out on defense if needed. The left wing does exactly the same, but
on the left side of the court. There is no rule requiring athletes to maintain these positions, as they can go anywhere on
the court except in the goal crease area. In general, the athletes should maintain these positions. Only the athletes of the
team on offense may put their sticks in the goal crease to clear the puck. No athlete (except the goalie) can put his or her
body inside of the goal crease.

Teaching Points
Athletes can handle or block a moving puck using their foot, stick or hand. The puck may be blocked or kicked forward,
but may not be kicked into the opposing goal. If an athlete kicks the puck into his or her own team s net, the goal counts
for the opposing team.
When maintaining proper position on an opponent with the puck, athletes should remain between their opponent and
their own goal. Athletes should not try to stick check the puck away or intercept a pass if it gives the opponent an
opportunity to get closer to the goal. Demonstrate how easy it is to score a goal when an opponent on offense gets
between the defender and the goal, and how hard it is to score a goal when the defender stays between the opponent and
the goal
Body checking is the most effective way to take the puck away from an opponent if both athletes have their sticks
inside the puck. The objective is to gain leverage to dislodge the puck from the opponent. By stepping in front of the
opponent, the athlete is in position to use his or her back to push the opponent away from the puck. Even though an
athlete can use his or her own body to push an opponent away from the puck, by stepping in front of the opponent, the
athlete will get penalized for elbowing, tripping, kicking, etc.
Taking the puck from an opponent is a defensive play, and making an outlet pass to a teammate is the start of an
offensive play. This transition from defense to offense is critical. When making an outlet pass, the athlete needs to
minimize the chances of the opponents regaining control of the puck and scoring a goal. When an outlet pass goes
across the middle and is intercepted by the opponents, they will have an excellent opportunity to score right away.
However, when an outlet pass travels parallel to the sideline on the side passed from and is intercepted by the
opponents, the opponents will not have an easy scoring opportunity. They will have to bring the puck back into the
middle, giving the opponents a chance to get back on defense. Stick handling the puck up the middle through opponents
can also be dangerous. Stick handling the puck behind a team s own goal and then making an outlet pass to the closest
sideline or up the sideline is safer.

Key Words
Defense
Get the puck
Get back
Stay with them
Move your feet
Stay between the puck and the goal
Block the puck
Talk to each other

Coaching Tips
It is important to teach your athletes to communicate with each other on the court in order to ensure full coverage of the
defensive zone and to prevent blocking your own goalie. Teammates should work together to try and stop the opposing
team from scoring a goal.

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Defense Drills
1. Mirror Drill: Place athlete between goal and coach. As the coach slides left or right with the puck, have the
athlete slide in the same direction. As the coach slides forward or backward with the puck, have the athlete slide
in same direction. Coach can point or say which direction to go if the athlete does not follow.

2. One on One Stick Checking Drill: Athletes form a single line at one end of the facility. Two athletes step
forward (one athlete on offense and one on defense). On the coach s whistle, the athletes run the length of the
facility. The athlete on defense tries to stick check the athlete on offense while the athlete on offense tries to
protect the puck. When the athlete on defense properly stick checks the athlete on offense and gains control of
the puck, that athlete switches to offense and the athlete who was stick checked switches to defense. The
objective of this drill is to emphasize proper stick checking while moving on the court.

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3. Two on One Drill: Athletes form a single line at one end of the facility. Three athletes step forward (two
athletes on offense and one on defense). On the coach s whistle, the athletes run the length of the facility while
the defensive athlete tries to: a) delay the athletes on offense, b) gain control of the puck or c) prevent the
athletes from getting off a good shot while maintaining good defensive position.

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4. Two on Two Drill: Athletes form two lines at one end of the facility. Four athletes step forward (two athletes on
offense and two on defense). On the coach s whistle, the athletes on offense pass to each other while running the
length of the facility. The athletes on defense: a) impede the forward movement of the athletes on offense, b)
block their view or c) stick check or capture the puck. When the athletes on defense properly gain control of the
puck from the athletes on offense, those two athletes switch to offense and the two athletes who lost control of
the puck switch to defense. This is the same drill as the One on One Drill, except the athletes work in pairs. This
drill can emphasize teamwork, both on offense and defense.

5. Three on Two Drill (same as the Two on One Drill except with additional athletes): Athletes form a single
line at one end of the facility. Five athletes step forward (three athletes on offense and two on defense). On the
coach s whistle, the athletes run the length of the facility while the defensive athletes try to: a) delay the athletes
on offense, b) gain control of the puck or c) prevent the athletes from getting off a good shot while maintaining
good defensive position. This drill can emphasize teamwork, both on offense and defense.

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6. Circle Keep-Away Drill: Athletes form a circle and pass around an athlete who tries to intercept the puck.
Athlete whose pass gets intercepted goes in the middle, and the athlete who intercepts returns to the circle.
Variations: a) Add more people in the middle. b) Add more pucks. c) Person in middle only has to touch the
puck. d) If athlete makes a bad pass out of the circle or bad block or pass, then the athlete goes in the middle.

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7. Body Check and Score Drill: Two athletes have their sticks inside the puck facing the goal they are attacking.
On whistle, athletes try to body check and score a goal. Rotate athletes until everyone has competed against each
other.

8. Two-on-Two Keep-Away Drill: Two teams of two athletes wear different colored scrimmage vests. When one
team gets three consecutive passes without losing the puck, they win. Winning teams play each other. Losing
teams play each other. NOTE: The coach can use cones to section off the court into smaller areas so that all of
the athletes are doing the same drill at the same time.

9. Team Keep-Away Drill: Two teams wear different colored scrimmage vests. Three consecutive passes by one
team scores a point. This is a variation of the Two on Two Keep-Away Drill, using more athletes or the entire
team.

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Faults & Fixes Defense

Common Mistakes Correction Drill/Test Reference

Athlete allows opponent between Teach the athlete correct defensive Mirror Drill
self and the goal positioning
One on One Drill
Athlete commits a crease violation Teach the athlete to clear the puck Two-on-Two Keep-Away Drill
without stepping in the goal crease
Athlete passes puck forward with Teach the athlete to pass puck to a Accuracy Pass Drill
no intended target teammate
Athlete blocks own goalie s line Teach the athlete to react to the Three on Two Drill
of sight goalie s communication

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Offense
Offense is the act of controlling the puck with the intention of shooting on goal and scoring.

Your Athlete Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Identify the opponent s goal
Identify the offensive position
Track a moving puck
Stick handle/ control puck
Pass the puck accurately
Receive various passes from teammates
Move to an open area on the court to receive a pass
Communicate with teammates
Protect the puck from the defense
Shoot on opposing goal

Totals

Teaching the Skill

In order to control the puck, the three forwards, from the same team, need to use teamwork. Since everyone is
constantly moving, they need to be aware of where each of them is on the court and where the opposing athletes are
located. Walking the areas of the court with each athlete should be the first thing you teach. While athletes are doing
the drills, keep reminding them to stay in their lanes. The wings should cover 1/2 of the court each, so that between
them, they cover the entire court. The center will have his or her lane down the middle.

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Break the passing combinations into individual components. After athletes learn one segment, add another until the
athletes learn the entire sequence. If necessary, physically assist athlete through the sequence. After awhile, point or tell
the athlete which direction to go. If the passing combination involves several choices based on the previous segment,
review those choices with the athlete just before starting the passing combination. Placing cones at the various spots
where the athletes will go helps the athletes locate them. Start with the easier passing combinations and progress to the
harder ones according to each athlete s ability level. These passing combinations are to simulate game passing
combinations. During controlled game situations, assist the athletes through some of theses passing combinations.

Teaching Points
Maintaining proper position on offense is important in setting up various offensive plays. Each athlete should know
where to be and what to do at any time. Teammates should know where to pass and where to find each other. This
makes order out of otherwise random play.
The right wing stays on the right side of the court. When the team gets control of the puck on their half of the court,
the right wing should be at the right side of center circle to receive a possible outlet pass. Once the puck has been
passed down court, the right wing goes to the right offensive corner. In this position the right wing may pass and
receive passes from the left wing (behind the goal), the center (in front of the goal), or the defensemen (near center
circle). From the right side of the goal, the right wing can also shoot and retrieve missed shots. The left wing does
exactly the same, but on the left side of the court.
Once the puck has been passed down court, the center goes to the area in front of the goal. In this position the center
may pass and receive passes from the wings (either offensive corner) or the defensemen (near center circle). The center
is the primary athlete to shoot, screen, deflect and retrieve missed shots.
The right defenseman stays on the right side of the court. When the team gets control of the puck, the right
defenseman may make the outlet pass to the right wing. Once the puck has been passed down court, the right
defenseman may go up to the right point (near center circle on right side). In this position the center may pass and
receive passes from the wing (either offensive corner), the center (in front of goal) or the left defenseman (left point).
The right defenseman can also shoot from the right front of goal) However, the right defenseman is always ready to
move back to defense as soon as the puck is in possession. The left defenseman does exactly the same, but on the left
side of the court.
If the defensemen are not capable or ready to play point on offense, leave defensemen in defensive positions in front
of their own goal. There is no rule requiring athletes to maintain these positions, as they can go anywhere on the court
except in the goal crease area. However, the athletes should maintain these positions whenever possible, as: a) if every
athlete is running over the entire court, they will not have enough stamina to finish a game at the same level that they
started with; b) the closer the athletes are to each other, the less chance they have to pass to a teammate in a more open
area of the court and c) if the opposing team manages to take the puck, they have a greater likelihood of scoring from
that unprotected area on the court.
One skill you will need to teach all of your athletes is how to avoid having the puck taken from them by spinning
away from their attacker. Spinning is rotating the body away from the opponent by pivoting on one foot and keeping
the back toward the opponent. Teach athletes to keep themselves between the puck and the opposing athlete.
The area behind the goal is very useful in setting up various offensive passing combinations. When passing or stick
handling behind the opponent s goal, an opening may be found in the opponent s defense. When passing or stick
handling behind the athlete s own goal, the puck is relatively safe and the athlete can set up an offensive play. In many
drills it is useful to add a chase defender who follows the traveled path of the puck and tries to take it away from the
offense. A time limit can be set to force the offense to complete the passing combination in a timely manner.

Key Words
Spread out
Watch the puck
Shoot
Follow the shot

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Communicate
Protect the puck
Keep your position
Move
He/she is open
Pass the puck

Coaching Tips
Once your athletes understand the importance of staying in position, you can teach them how to cover the entire court
while switching positions. Athletes can tell teammates verbally that they are switching positions, or teammates adjust
to playing different positions as the play occurs. Two athletes in the same position on the court indicate that one
position in not covered and should be filled by one of those athletes. Switching can be very effective in setting up an
offensive play because the defense won t always know whom to cover. By switching positions, an athlete may be able
to find and utilize an open space.

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Offense Drills
1. Line Passing Drill: Athletes form two lines with the athletes in the front going together. Left athlete passes the
puck in front of right athlete. While running, right athlete receives the pass and passes in front of the left athlete.
While running, left athlete receives the pass and passes in front of right athlete. Continue until athletes reach far
goal, at which time one athlete shoots on goal. For variations, add: a) a goalie, b) time limit, c) defender (passive
at first), d) third offensive athlete, or e) a second defender.

2. Give-and-Go Drill: Divide athletes into groups. Working in pairs, have one athlete pass down court to the
second athlete and then run past the teammate to receive a pass. Athletes should continue passing and running
ahead until they reach the other end of the court. This encourages passing and staying aware of teammate
position. NOTE: Passing should always be in front (between the receiver and the goal) of the intended athlete so
that the athlete does not have to slow down or stop forward motion to gain control of the puck. It is important
that the athletes understand this concept.

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3. Wall Passing Drill: Athlete passes puck off sideboard, around defender and back to self, then stick handles
length of court and shoots. Add proper spin move when making the pass so that defender can t stick check.
Variations: a) Athlete passes puck off sideboard around defender to teammate. Teammate stick handles length of
court and shoots after receiving pass. b) Athlete passes puck off sideboard around defender to teammate. Athlete
goes by defender, receives a return pass from teammate, stick handles length of court and shoots.

4. Half Court Behind Goal Drill: Center and two wings are in position at half court. Center passes to right corner.
Right wing runs to right corner and receives pass. Left wing runs to left corner and receives pass from right
wing. Center runs to area in front of goal, receives pass from left wing and shoots a goal. Repeat drill to opposite
side. Variations: a) add a goalie, b) add a chase defender or c) have a time limit.

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5. Full Court Behind Goal Drill: Center gets puck behind own goal and passes to right wing at right side of center
circle. Left wing runs from left side of center line to left corner and receives pass from right wing. Right wing
runs to right corner and receives pass from left wing. Center runs to area in front of goal, receives pass from
right wing and shoots a goal. Repeat drill to opposite side. Variations: a) add a goalie, b) add a chase defender or
c) have a time limit.

6. Offense vs. Defense Drill: Offense consists of center (in front of goal crease), right wing (right offensive
corner), left offensive corner, right point defenseman (right side of center circle) and left point defenseman (left
side of center circle). Defense consists of right defenseman (in front of goal crease on right side), left
defenseman (in front of goal crease on left side), center (in front of goal crease), right wing (right side of center
circle) and left wing (left side of center circle). Puck starts with the offense passing the puck around. If offense
makes a goal, score one point for the offense. The two teams should wear different colored scrimmage vests. If
offense is winning easily, add a goalie to the defense.

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7. Two on Two Drill: Athletes form two lines at one end of the facility. Four athletes step forward (two athletes on
offense and two on defense). On the coach s whistle, the athletes on offense pass to each other while running the
length of the facility. The athletes on defense: a) slow down and impede the forward movement of the athletes
on offense, b) block their view and c) stick check or capture the puck. When the athletes on defense properly
gain control of the puck from the athletes on offense, those athletes switch to offense and the two athletes who
lost control of the puck switch to defense. This is the same drill as the One on One Drill, except the athletes
work in pairs.

8. Stick Handle Behind Goal Drill: Athlete stick handles from right corner behind the goal to left corner.
Teammate runs from right side to area in front of goal, receives a pass from athlete and shoots a goal. Then do
the same drill to the opposite side. Variations: a) add a goalie, b) add a chase defender or c) have a time limit.

9. Pass Around the Goal Drill: Athlete A stick handles from right corner behind the goal to left corner.
Teammate B runs from right side to area in front of goal and receives a pass from athlete A. Athlete A
runs back behind goal and receives a pass in right corner from teammate B. Teammate B runs to left corner
and receives a pass from athlete A. Athlete A runs to area in front of goal, receives a pass from teammate
B and then shoots on goal. Set a time limit for the event. Repeat drill, switching the athlete and teammate. Add
a chase defender.

10. Wing Crossover Drill: On signal, the right wing runs from the right side of the center circle toward the left
offensive corner, while the left wing runs from the left side of the center circle toward the right offensive corner.

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At the same time, the center stick handles the puck toward the offensive end. As the two wings cross over in
front of the goal, the center shoots on goal. The goalie may get screened, or the wings may deflect the shot into
the goal. The wings may get screened, or the goalie may deflect the shot into the goal. For variation, have the
center pass to one of the wings as they cross over. The wing then takes a quick shot before the defense gets set.

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11. Full Court Switching Drill: Center makes outlet pass from behind own goal to left wing (left side of center
circle). Right wing (right side of center circle) runs to left offensive corner and receives a pass from the left
wing. Center runs to right offensive corner and receives a pass behind the goal from the right wing (in left
offensive corner). Left wing runs to area in front of the goal, receives a pass from the center (in right offensive
corner) and shoots. Do same drill to opposite side. Add chase defender. Add time limit. Variation: After initial
pass to left wing (left side of center circle), the drill may be run like the Wing Crossover Drill. The right wing
and the center can time their runs to cross over in front of the goal. The left wing can now stick handle and shoot
(with a possible screen or deflection) or pass to the wings as they cross over. This should confuse the defense
(and probably the offense as well).
NOTE: Many of the Defensive Drills are beneficial for teaching Offense and vice versa.

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Faults & Fixes Offense

Common Mistakes Correction Drill Reference

Athlete is out of position Teach correct positioning on court Three on Two Drill
Athletes are standing too close to Teach athletes to spread out on Offense vs. Defense Drill
teammates court
Athlete is standing still Teach athlete to move with and Pass Around the Goal Drill
without the puck
Athlete does not wait for opening Teach athlete to pass to another Pass Around the Goal Drill
to make a shot teammate who has a better shot
Athlete refuses to pass the puck Teach athlete to pass the puck Give and Go Drill
Athlete shoots at the wrong goal Teach athlete to recognize the Offense vs. Defense Drill
opponent s goal
Athlete runs in the wrong Ask athlete to identify the Offense vs. Defense Drill
direction opponent s goal

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Goal Tending
Goal tending is the act of defending the goal from within the goal crease and preventing the puck from entering the net.

Your Goalie Can Never Sometimes Often Always

Identify own goal
Identify the goal crease
Understand the rules of the position
Use and control the goalie stick
Track moving puck
Move laterally in the crease
Maintain proper position in the crease
Keep feet within the goal crease at all times
Communicate with teammates
Stop the puck with the stick
Stop the puck with the body
Control the puck
Clear the puck
Go to ground to stop the puck
Return to standing position after going to ground

Totals

Teaching the Skill

The Basic Goalie Stance ( Set position)
Feet are shoulder-width apart or with the pads touching.
Knees and waist are bent slightly, with the weight forward on the
balls of the feet.
Back is kept straight with head up, always watching the play in
front of the goal.
Blade of stick is kept flat on the floor at all times.
The stick is held firmly with one hand.
The catching hand is held to the side, knee high, open, level with the stick glove and ready for a shot.

Teaching Points
Focus eyes on puck at all times.
Play the puck and the offensive athlete.
Keep pads centered on the puck. Always try to keep legs TOGETHER never apart.

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Recover from floor as quickly as possible.

Catch puck whenever possible, and then release it to teammate as quickly as possible.
After making a save, freeze the puck, place it where only teammates can get it or put it to a teammate.
Keep feet in the goal crease at all times.
Communicate with teammates.
A goalie should be taught two basic types of movements:
1. For moving short distances quickly and from side-to-side to keep position in front of the puck, use the side step.
Take short steps without turning the foot. When side-stepping, the goalie is always in basic stance. The foot is
never turned on this move. This move is also used when the puck carrier is behind the net and when the goalie
must move from post to post.
2. For staying in line with a shooter, use the pivot. The goalie pivots his/her upper body to face the shooter when
the shooter moves from the middle of the court to the outside.
3. The goalie may need to pivot and then side-step, or vice versa, to stay in position between the shooter and the
goal.

Key Words
Watch the puck, not the athlete
Keep legs together
Keep stick flat on the floor
Stay on your feet
Get up
Clear the puck
Hold the puck
Nice save

Coaching Tips
Some tips the goalies should remember include the following:
Always keep the blade of the stick flat on the floor.
Concentrate on holding the set position from the time the attacking team advances over the center line until the
puck leaves the defensive zone.
Let the opponent make the first move don t commit to the first move.
Try to predict what the opponents are going to do next.
Stay on your feet (don t go to the ground too early).
Throw the puck like a plastic saucer disc so that it lands flat.
Move out of the net, always staying in the goal crease, in order to cut down the shooting angle.
Use the goalie stick and catching hand to determine position in the net.
The goalie watches the puck, the defense watches the athlete.

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Goal Tending Drills

1. New Goalie Drill: Roll a volleyball at the goalie, who should try to stop it with the stick.

2. Angle Drill: Move out from the net to challenge the shooter so that he/she has a smaller target area.
In practice, the coach can tie two ropes of equal length to each goal post and hold the ends of ropes together to
form a triangle. The ropes reflect where the goalie should be to cover the angle.

3. Goalie Warm-up Drill: Goalie takes shots from teammates. Line teammates up in a semicircle 6-8 meters (20-
26 feet) in front of the net, each with two pucks. Athletes shoot one puck in sequence around the semicircle, then
reverse shooting their second puck. Variations: Run up and shoot, coach calls on athletes to shoot, etc.

4. Goalie Positioning Drill: Two coaches or athletes, each on opposite sides of the goal 6-8 meters away, take
turns shooting at the goal.

5. Puck Tracking Drill: Two or three coaches or athletes pass puck around goal, shooting randomly.

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6. Tennis Ball Drill: Goalie faces wall from 3 meters (10 feet) out, with back to coach. Coach throws a tennis ball
off the wall, and goalie reacts.

7. Goalie Mirror Drill: Coach (always in basic stance) makes a move, and the goalie follows and imitates as
quickly as possible. Use moves in all directions.

8. Reaction Drill: On a whistle, the goalie should go to ground as if making a save. On a second whistle, the goalie
gets back onto the feet and into a set position. Coaches should vary the time between whistles.

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Faults & Fixes -- Goal Tending

Common Mistakes Correction Drill Reference

Goalie comes out of the goal Teach the goalie to keep feet in Angle Drill
crease goal crease
Goalie Positioning Drill
Goalie goes to ground too early Teach the goalie to wait until the Reaction Drill
opponent begins to take a shot
Goalie throws the puck up the Teach the goalie to throw the puck
middle of the court to the side or leave it in the crease
Goalie does not control the save Teach the goalie to prevent the Goalie Warm-up Drill
puck from rebounding
Tennis Ball Drill
Goalie stays down too long after Teach the goalie to get back into Reaction Drill
save standing position quickly

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Adaptations
In competition, it is important that the rules not be changed to suit athletes special needs. However, coaches can
modify the training exercises to accommodate each athlete s special needs and/or adapt sport equipment to assist
athletes in achieving success.
Specific adaptations for floor hockey are listed below:

Orthopedic Impairments
If an athlete cannot grasp a stick, the coach can attach the stick to the athlete s arm with an ace bandage or wrist guard.

Auditory Impairments
Use hand signals along with whistle to start and stop play.

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Cross Training in Floor Hockey

Cross training is a modern-day term that refers to the substitution of skills other than the skills directly involved in the
performance of an event. Cross training came about as a result of injury rehabilitation and is now also used in injury
prevention. When runners sustain injuries in the legs or feet that keep them from running, other activities can be
substituted so that the athlete can keep up his/her aerobic and muscular strength.
There is a limited value and crossover to the specific exercise. A reason to cross train is to avoid injury and maintain
muscular balance during a period of intense sport specific training. One of the keys to success in sports is staying
healthy and training over the long haul. Cross training allows athletes to do event-specific training workouts with
greater enthusiasm and intensity, or less risk of injury.

Swimming Pool Workouts

Have athlete swim or perform running actions in the pool. Have athlete swim at a steady state for a minimum of 2
minutes (aerobic). Using a flotation vest or inner tube, have athlete perform running actions while in an upright
position. Use intervals of 30-120 seconds with 2:1 rest.

Bicycle Workouts
Have athlete ride a bicycle as interval and steady state workouts. The athlete works out on a stationary bike or spinning
bike doing aerobic and anaerobic workouts. The athlete rides an outdoor bike for 2 minutes to an hour at various paces.

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