PROJECT REPORT
1. Introduction:
C++: C++ is an object-oriented computer language created by notable computer
scientist Bjorne Stroustrop as part of the evolution of the C family of languages. C++
is pronounced "see-plus-plus." It was developed as a cross-platform improvement of
C to provide developers with a higher degree of control over
OOP (Object-oriented programming): Object Oriented programming (OOP) is a
programming paradigm that relies on the concept of classes and objects. It is used to
structure a software program into simple, reusable pieces of code blueprints (usually
called classes), which are used to create individual instances of objects.
2. Objective:
To create Student Database Management System program
To store the record of students
To store calculate the total marks of students
To show the results of the student
3. Requirements:
Abstraction [use of ADT classes] ,
Encapsulation,
Inheritance,
Polymorphism,
Type conversion,
Operator Overloading,
File handling to store data permanently
4. Background Theory
1. Object: Objects are the basic run time entities in an object-oriented system.
2. Class: A class is a user-defined data type that we can use in our program, and it works
as an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.
3. Constructor: The constructor can be defined as a class in the same way as that of
normal member functions and can access any of its data members.
4. Encapsulation: This makes the program structure easier to manage because each
object’s implementation and state are hidden behind well-defined boundaries.
5. Polymorphism: This means abstract entities are implemented in multiple ways
according to the message passed.
6. Inheritance: This refers to the hierarchical arrangement of implementation fragments.
7. Type conversion: C++ allows us to convert data of one type to that of another. This is
known as type conversion.
There are two types of type conversion in C++.
a. Implicit Conversion
b. Explicit Conversion (also known as Type Casting)
8. Overloading: If we create two or more members having the same name but different
in number or type of parameter, it is known as C++ overloading.
9. Types of overloading in C++ are:
a. Function overloading
b. Operator overloading
10 . Function Overloading: Function Overloading is defined as the process of having two or
more function with the same name, but different in parameters is known as function
overloading in C++
11. Operators Overloading: Operator overloading is a compile-time polymorphism in which
the operator is overloaded to provide the special meaning to the user-defined data type.
5. Coding:
/***************************************************
****************************************************
*/
// Header file used in this program
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
//Student_Management class declaration
class Student_Management
private:
//Class members
char name[10];
int IDnum;
int oop;
int IT;
int multimedia;
int math;
double percentage;
char grade;
public:
// Class functions
void getdata();
void total();
int getIDnum() const;
void showdata() const;
void showheader() const;
void student_record();
void display_record(int);
void Search_display(int);
void modify_record(int);
void delete_record(int);
void display_result();
};
//class function to get data from the user
void Student_Management::getdata()
cout<<"Enter the student's Name:";
cin.ignore();// ignores the return key pressed
cin.getline(name,10);
cout<<"Enter the student's IDnum:";
cin>>IDnum;
cout<<"Enter the student's oop marks:";
cin>>oop;
cout<<"Enter the student's IT marks:";
cin>>IT;
cout<<"Enter the student's multimedia marks:";
cin>>multimedia;
cout<<"Enter the student's math marks:";
cin>>math;
total();
//class function to calculate total grade
void Student_Management::total()
percentage=(oop+IT+multimedia+math)/4;
//checking the conditions
if(oop>=40 || IT>=40 || multimedia>=40 || math>=40)
if (percentage>=80)
grade='A';
}
else if (percentage>=60)
grade='B';
else if (percentage>=40)
grade='C';
else
grade='F';
else
grade='F';
//class function to show data
void Student_Management::showdata() const
{
cout<<"\nName:"<<name<<endl;
cout<<"ID number:"<<IDnum<<endl;
cout<<"OOP mark:"<<oop<<endl;
cout<<"IT mark:"<<IT<<endl;
cout<<"Multimedia mark:"<<multimedia<<endl;
cout<<"Math mark:"<<math<<endl;
cout<<"Percentage:"<<percentage<<endl;
cout<<"Grade:"<<grade<<endl;
cout<<"Please press any key to continue........\n"<<endl;
// class function for header to show data
void Student_Management::showheader() const
cout<<IDnum<<setw(5)<<"
"<<name<<setw(10)<<oop<<setw(11)<<IT<<setw(15)<<multimedia<<setw(21)<<math<<s
etw(18)<<percentage
<<setw(7)<<grade<<endl<<endl;
// class function to return id number
int Student_Management::getIDnum() const
return IDnum;
}
// function to write and store the record of students
void student_record()
Student_Management S; // object of class
ofstream outFile; //Stream class to write on files
outFile.open("Student_record.txt",ios::binary|ios::app);
S.getdata();
outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&S), sizeof(Student_Management));
outFile.close();
cout<<"Student's record has been created.Please press any key to
continue........\n"<<endl;
cin.ignore(); // ignores the return key pressed
//cin.get(); //accessing character array
// function to display all the stored student recored
void display_record()
Student_Management S; // object of class
ifstream inFile; //Stream class to read from files
inFile.open("Student_record.txt",ios::in);
if (!inFile)
cout<<"File could not be created.Please press any key to continue........ " ;
cin.ignore(); // ignores the return key pressed
cin.get(); //accessing character array
return;
while (inFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char *> (&S), sizeof(Student_Management)))
S.showdata();
inFile.close();
cin.ignore();
cin.get();
// function to search the record stored
void display_search(int n)
Student_Management S;
ifstream inFile; //Stream class to read from files
inFile.open("Student_record.txt",ios::in);
if(!inFile)
cout<<"File could not be created.Please press any key to continue........ " ;
cin.ignore();
cin.get();
return;
bool flag=false; // checks the status
while (inFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char *> (&S), sizeof (Student_Management)))
if(S.getIDnum()==n);
S.showdata();
flag = true;
inFile.close();
if (flag==false)
cout<<"\n Record doesnot exist.Please press any key to continue........";
cin.ignore();// ignores the return key pressed
cin.get(); //accessing character array
// function to modify the record stored
void modify_record(int n)
bool flag=false;
Student_Management S;
fstream File; //Stream class to both read and write from/to files
File.open("Student_record.txt",ios::in);
if(!File)
cout<<"File could not be created. " ;
cin.ignore();
cin.get();
return;
while(!File.eof() && flag==false)
File.read(reinterpret_cast<char *> (&S), sizeof (Student_Management));
if ( S.getIDnum()==n)
S.showdata();
cout<<"\n\n Please enter the new details of student"<<endl;
S.getdata();
int pos=(-1)*static_cast<int>(sizeof(S));
File.seekp(pos,ios::cur);
File.write(reinterpret_cast<char *> (&S), sizeof
(Student_Management));
cout<<"\n\n\t The record is updated.Please press any key to
continue........";
flag=true;
File.close();
if(flag==false)
cout<<"\n Sorry! Record not found.Please press any key to continue........";
cin.ignore();// ignores the return key pressed
cin.get(); //accessing character array
// function to delete the record stored
void delete_record(int n)
Student_Management S;
ifstream inFile;
inFile.open("Student_record.txt");
if(!inFile)
cout<<"\n Sorry !!! File could not be open.Please press any key to
continue........ " ;
cin.ignore();// ignores the return key pressed
cin.get(); //accessing character array
return;
ofstream outFile;
inFile.open("delete.txt",ios::out);
inFile.seekg(0,ios::beg);
while(inFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char *> (&S), sizeof (Student_Management)))
if(S.getIDnum() != n)
outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&S), sizeof
(Student_Management));
outFile.close();
inFile.close();
remove("Student_record.txt");
rename("delete.txt","Student_record.txt");
cout<<"\n\n\t Record deleted.Please press any key to continue........";
cin.ignore();// ignores the return key pressed
cin.get(); //accessing character array
// function to display the result stored
void display_result()
Student_Management S;
ifstream inFile;
inFile.open("Student_record.txt",ios::in);
if(!inFile)
cout<<"Sorry !!! File could not be open.Please press any key to continue........"
;
cin.ignore();
cin.get();
return;
cout<<"============================================================
=========================="<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t **REULTS OF STUDENTS** "<<endl;
cout<<"============================================================
=========================="<<endl;
cout<<"IDnum "<<"|"<<" Name "<<"|"<<" Mark in OOP " <<"|"<<" Mark in IT
"<<"|"<<" Mark in Multimedia "<<"|"
<<" Mark in Math "<<"|"<<" Percentage "<<"|"<<" Grade "<<endl;
cout<<"============================================================
=========================================="<<endl;
while(inFile.read(reinterpret_cast<char *> (&S), sizeof (Student_Management)))
S.showheader();
cin.ignore();// ignores the return key pressed
cin.get(); //accessing character array
inFile.close();
// Main function
int main()
int ch;
int n;
cout.setf(ios::fixed | ios::showpoint);
cout<<setprecision(2);
do
cout<<"=========================================================="<<
endl;
cout<<"\t ** STUDENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
**"<<endl;
cout<<"=========================================================="<<
endl;
cout<<" 1. CREATE STUDENT RECORD"<<endl;
cout<<" 2. DISPLAY RECORDS OF ALL STUDENTS"<<endl;
cout<<" 3. SEARCH STUDENT RECORD"<<endl;
cout<<" 4. MODIFY STUDENT RECORD"<<endl;
cout<<" 5. DELETE STUDENT RECORD"<<endl;
cout<<" 6. DISPLAY CLASS RESULT"<<endl;
cout<<" 7. EXIT\n"<<endl;
cout<<" PLEASE ENTER YOUR CHOICE FROM (1-7) :"<<endl;
cin>>ch;
//testing the cases
switch(ch)
case 1:
student_record();
break;
case 2:
display_record();
break;
case 3:
cout<<"\n Please Enter student's ID number :"<<endl;
cin>>n;
display_search(n);
break;
case 4:
cout<<"\n Please Enter student's ID number :";
cin>>n;
modify_record(n);
break;
case 5:
cout<<"\n Please Enter student's ID number :";
cin>>n;
delete_record(n);
break;
case 6:
display_result();
break;
case 7:
exit(0);
default:
cout<<"Enter valid choice:";
while(ch != '7');
return 0;
6. Output
7.UML DIAGRAM
8. Conclusion: After the completion of this project provided by my teacher Sukant Kumar
Sahu I became familiar with the different concepts of OOP (Object oriented programming) .I
also have build up the confidence to make different program in C++ by using the concepts of
it. So, I would like to thank my teacher for giving me this project.
9. References:
1. Notes
2. Final report
