ORE RESEARCH & EXPLORATION P/L ABN 28 006 859 856

37A Hosie Street · Bayswater North · VIC 3153 · AUSTRALIA

61 3 9729 0333 61 3 9729 8338
i n f o @o re .c o m.a u w w w.o re .c o m .a u

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS FOR

PORPHYRY COPPER-GOLD-MOLYBDENUM ORE

(Cadia Valley, New South Wales, Australia)

CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIAL

OREAS 504c

Summary Statistics for Key Analytes.

Certified 95% Confidence Limits 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent 1SD
Value Low High Low High
Pb Fire Assay
Au, Gold (ppm) 1.48 0.045 1.47 1.50 1.47* 1.49*
Aqua Regia Digestion (sample weights 10-50g)
Au, Gold (ppm) 1.46 0.058 1.43 1.50 1.46* 1.47*
4-Acid Digestion
Ag, Silver (ppm) 4.22 0.288 4.10 4.34 4.09 4.35
Cu, Copper (wt.%) 1.11 0.030 1.10 1.12 1.09 1.13
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 512 13 507 518 506 519
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
*Gold Tolerance Limits for typical 30g fire assay and 25g aqua regia digestion methods are determined from 20 x 85mg
INAA results and the Sampling Constant (Ingamells & Switzer, 1973).
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

Document: COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 11-April-2019

(Template:BUP-70-10-01 Rev:2.0)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................7
SOURCE MATERIAL .........................................................................................................7
COMMINUTION AND HOMOGENISATION PROCEDURES ............................................8
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES .................................................................................................8
ANALYTICAL PROGRAM..................................................................................................9
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................10
Homogeneity Evaluation ................................................................................... 11
Performance Gates ........................................................................................... 13
PARTICIPATING LABORATORIES ...................................................................................17
PREPARER AND SUPPLIER ............................................................................................23
METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY ....................................................................................23
COMMUTABILITY .............................................................................................................23
INTENDED USE ................................................................................................................24
STABILITY AND STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS ..................................................................24
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CORRECT USE.............................................................................24
HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................24
LEGAL NOTICE .................................................................................................................24
DOCUMENT HISTORY .....................................................................................................24
QMS ACCREDITED ..........................................................................................................25
CERTIFYING OFFICER.....................................................................................................25
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................25

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Certified Values, SDs, 95% Confidence & Tolerance Limits for OREAS 504c. ...... 3
Table 2. Indicative Values for OREAS 504c. ....................................................................... 6
Table 3. Physical properties of OREAS 504c. ..................................................................... 8
Table 4. Neutron Activation Analysis of Au (in ppm) on 20 x 85mg subsamples. .............. 12
Table 5. Performance Gates for OREAS 504c. ................................................................. 13

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Au (ppm) by Pb Fire Assay in OREAS 504c ....................................................... 18
Figure 2. Au (ppm) by Aqua Regia digestion in OREAS 504c .......................................... 19
Figure 3. Ag (ppm) by 4-acid digestion in OREAS 504c .................................................... 20
Figure 4. Cu (wt.%) by 4-acid digestion in OREAS 504c ................................................... 21
Figure 5. Mo (ppm) by 4-acid digestion in OREAS 504c ................................................... 22

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 2 of 25
 Table 1. Certified Values, SDs, 95% Confidence & Tolerance Limits for OREAS 504c.
Certified 95% Confidence Limits 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent SD
Value Low High Low High
Pb Fire Assay
Au, Gold (ppm) 1.48 0.045 1.47 1.50 1.47* 1.49*
Aqua Regia Digestion (sample weights 10-50g)
Au, Gold (ppm) 1.46 0.058 1.43 1.50 1.46* 1.47*
4-Acid Digestion
Ag, Silver (ppm) 4.22 0.288 4.10 4.34 4.09 4.35
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 7.07 0.220 6.99 7.15 6.92 7.22
As, Arsenic (ppm) 34.9 2.92 33.9 35.9 33.1 36.7
Ba, Barium (ppm) 850 25 840 860 831 870
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 2.31 0.196 2.22 2.40 2.17 2.45
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 2.26 0.106 2.20 2.31 2.17 2.34
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 2.52 0.112 2.47 2.56 2.46 2.57
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 49.8 4.55 47.7 51.9 48.0 51.5
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 16.2 0.94 15.7 16.6 15.6 16.7
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 58 5.1 56 60 56 60
Cs, Cesium (ppm) 8.16 0.351 7.99 8.34 7.94 8.39
Cu, Copper (wt.%) 1.11 0.030 1.10 1.12 1.09 1.13
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 3.76 0.146 3.68 3.84 3.63 3.89
Er, Erbium (ppm) 2.11 0.144 1.99 2.23 2.00 2.22
Eu, Europium (ppm) 1.03 0.13 0.91 1.15 IND IND
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 6.08 0.191 6.01 6.16 5.98 6.18
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 17.2 0.88 16.8 17.6 16.7 17.7
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 4.14 0.200 3.99 4.30 3.92 4.37
Hf, Hafnium (ppm) 2.21 0.156 2.14 2.27 2.10 2.31
Ho, Holmium (ppm) 0.75 0.050 0.71 0.79 0.73 0.78
In, Indium (ppm) 0.24 0.016 0.24 0.25 0.23 0.26
K, Potassium (wt.%) 3.16 0.106 3.12 3.20 3.09 3.22
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 25.5 1.39 24.9 26.1 24.5 26.5
Li, Lithium (ppm) 25.9 1.42 25.3 26.6 25.1 26.7
Lu, Lutetium (ppm) 0.30 0.016 0.28 0.31 0.28 0.32
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 1.43 0.054 1.41 1.45 1.40 1.45
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.051 0.002 0.050 0.051 0.049 0.052
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 512 13 507 518 506 519
Na, Sodium (wt.%) 2.04 0.053 2.02 2.06 2.01 2.08
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 14.2 0.60 13.9 14.5 13.8 14.6
Nd, Neodymium (ppm) 22.4 1.19 21.7 23.0 21.3 23.4
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
*Gold Tolerance Limits for typical 30g fire assay and 25g aqua regia digestion methods are determined from 20 x 85mg
INAA results and the Sampling Constant (Ingamells & Switzer, 1973).
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 3 of 25
 Table 1 continued.
Certified 95% Confidence Limits 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent SD
Value Low High Low High
4-Acid Digestion continued
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 43.2 2.40 42.3 44.2 41.9 44.5
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.094 0.003 0.093 0.096 0.092 0.097
Pb, Lead (ppm) 60 3.1 59 61 58 61
Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) 5.96 0.487 5.55 6.37 5.68 6.24
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 142 5 140 144 137 147
Re, Rhenium (ppb) 353 25 340 366 341 365
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 1.11 0.036 1.10 1.13 1.09 1.14
Sb, Antimony (ppm) 1.62 0.088 1.57 1.66 1.55 1.68
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 12.6 0.67 12.3 12.9 12.3 13.0
Se, Selenium (ppm) 7.39 0.99 7.12 7.67 6.80 7.99
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 4.50 0.259 4.33 4.67 4.25 4.76
Sn, Tin (ppm) 5.42 0.215 5.33 5.52 5.22 5.62
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 360 16 353 366 351 368
Ta, Tantalum (ppm) 1.06 0.066 1.02 1.11 1.01 1.11
Tb, Terbium (ppm) 0.64 0.013 0.63 0.65 0.62 0.67
Te, Tellurium (ppm) 0.47 0.05 0.44 0.50 0.44 0.50
Th, Thorium (ppm) 12.6 0.67 12.3 12.9 12.0 13.3
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.403 0.015 0.397 0.409 0.393 0.413
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.70 0.028 0.69 0.71 0.67 0.73
Tm, Thulium (ppm) 0.31 0.020 0.29 0.33 IND IND
U, Uranium (ppm) 3.64 0.173 3.58 3.69 3.46 3.81
V, Vanadium (ppm) 122 6 120 125 120 125
W, Tungsten (ppm) 2.95 0.219 2.88 3.02 2.74 3.16
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 20.3 0.77 20.0 20.6 19.7 20.9
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 2.00 0.170 1.89 2.12 1.90 2.11
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 106 4 104 108 103 109
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 72 5.5 69 74 69 74
Aqua Regia Digestion
Ag, Silver (ppm) 4.19 0.306 4.06 4.32 4.09 4.29
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 1.86 0.053 1.84 1.89 1.83 1.89
As, Arsenic (ppm) 34.5 2.57 33.6 35.4 33.1 35.9
Ba, Barium (ppm) 271 21 261 280 263 278
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 0.53 0.07 0.48 0.58 0.51 0.55
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 2.28 0.148 2.21 2.35 2.20 2.36
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 1.31 0.075 1.28 1.34 1.28 1.34
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 44.1 3.75 42.3 45.9 42.8 45.4
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 4 of 25
 Table 1 continued.
Certified 95% Confidence Limits 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent SD
Value Low High Low High
Aqua Regia Digestion continued
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 14.9 0.87 14.5 15.3 14.5 15.4
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 56 4.0 55 58 54 58
Cs, Cesium (ppm) 6.93 0.392 6.73 7.13 6.75 7.11
Cu, Copper (wt.%) 1.10 0.019 1.09 1.11 1.08 1.12
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 2.67 0.133 2.55 2.79 2.60 2.73
Er, Erbium (ppm) 1.48 0.043 1.44 1.52 1.44 1.52
Eu, Europium (ppm) 0.41 0.07 0.35 0.48 0.40 0.43
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 5.75 0.261 5.64 5.85 5.66 5.83
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 8.42 0.579 8.10 8.73 8.02 8.82
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 3.10 0.301 2.85 3.36 2.98 3.23
Ge, Germanium (ppm) 0.16 0.03 0.13 0.20 IND IND
Hf, Hafnium (ppm) 0.47 0.031 0.45 0.48 0.44 0.50
Hg, Mercury (ppm) 0.064 0.011 0.058 0.070 IND IND
Ho, Holmium (ppm) 0.48 0.043 0.45 0.52 0.46 0.50
In, Indium (ppm) 0.22 0.009 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.23
K, Potassium (wt.%) 0.809 0.032 0.796 0.823 0.795 0.823
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 22.0 1.83 21.3 22.8 21.3 22.7
Li, Lithium (ppm) 23.6 2.8 22.4 24.9 23.0 24.3
Lu, Lutetium (ppm) 0.18 0.013 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.19
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 1.15 0.034 1.13 1.16 1.13 1.17
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.038 0.001 0.037 0.039 0.037 0.039
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 505 18 498 512 497 513
Na, Sodium (wt.%) 0.184 0.020 0.174 0.193 0.177 0.190
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 1.07 0.20 0.95 1.19 0.96 1.18
Nd, Neodymium (ppm) 19.0 0.57 18.5 19.4 18.3 19.6
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 41.3 1.55 40.7 41.9 40.2 42.5
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.091 0.004 0.089 0.093 0.089 0.094
Pb, Lead (ppm) 51 1.7 50 51 49 53
Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) 5.06 0.155 4.94 5.18 4.94 5.18
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 87 4.1 85 89 85 89
Re, Rhenium (ppb) 351 27 335 367 337 364
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 1.10 0.059 1.08 1.12 1.08 1.12
Sb, Antimony (ppm) 1.02 0.12 0.96 1.08 0.97 1.08
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 7.12 0.559 6.84 7.40 6.85 7.39
Se, Selenium (ppm) 7.00 0.91 6.57 7.43 6.54 7.46
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 3.49 0.200 3.33 3.64 3.33 3.65
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 5 of 25
 Table 1 continued.
Certified 95% Confidence Limits 95% Tolerance Limits
Constituent SD
Value Low High Low High
Aqua Regia Digestion continued
Sn, Tin (ppm) 4.54 0.257 4.40 4.68 4.38 4.70
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 92 10 88 97 90 95
Tb, Terbium (ppm) 0.46 0.038 0.43 0.48 0.44 0.47
Te, Tellurium (ppm) 0.45 0.033 0.43 0.46 0.41 0.48
Th, Thorium (ppm) 12.3 0.65 12.0 12.6 11.9 12.7
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.267 0.014 0.261 0.274 0.261 0.273
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.47 0.05 0.45 0.49 0.45 0.49
Tm, Thulium (ppm) 0.20 0.007 0.19 0.20 IND IND
U, Uranium (ppm) 3.32 0.242 3.22 3.43 3.19 3.45
V, Vanadium (ppm) 108 5 105 110 106 109
W, Tungsten (ppm) 1.70 0.23 1.59 1.82 1.58 1.83
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 14.2 0.93 13.7 14.6 13.8 14.6
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 1.26 0.060 1.21 1.31 1.21 1.31
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 95 6.3 93 98 93 97
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 12.1 1.10 11.5 12.7 11.7 12.5
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

Table 2. Indicative Values for OREAS 504c.

Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value

Pb Fire Assay
Pd ppb 125 Pt ppb 11.7
4-Acid Digestion
Cd ppm 0.30 Ge ppm 0.24 Hg ppm <2
Aqua Regia Digestion
B ppm 6.21 Pd ppb 132 Si wt.% 0.119
Cd ppm 0.24 Pt ppb 20.9 Ta ppm 0.025
B ppm 6.21 Pd ppb 132 Si wt.% 0.119
Borate Fusion XRF
Al2O3 wt.% 13.67 MgO wt.% 2.44 SiO2 wt.% 60.22
CaO wt.% 3.42 MnO wt.% 0.070 SO3 wt.% 2.71
Fe2O3 wt.% 8.81 Na2O wt.% 2.75 TiO2 wt.% 0.680
K2O wt.% 3.85 P2O5 wt.% 0.215
Thermogravimetry
1000
LOI wt.% 1.91
Infrared Combustion
C wt.% 0.258 S wt.% 1.07
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note: the number of significant figures reported is not a reflection of the level of certainty of stated values. They are
instead an artefact of ORE’s in-house CRM-specific LIMS.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 6 of 25
 Table 2 continued.

Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value Constituent Unit Value

Laser Ablation ICP-MS
Ag ppm 4.70 Hf ppm 5.19 Sm ppm 4.72
As ppm 35.9 Ho ppm 0.77 Sn ppm 5.80
Ba ppm 844 In ppm 0.25 Sr ppm 349
Be ppm 2.70 La ppm 26.2 Ta ppm 1.08
Bi ppm 2.45 Lu ppm 0.33 Tb ppm 0.63
Cd ppm 0.25 Mn wt.% 0.051 Te ppm 0.50
Ce ppm 51 Mo ppm 507 Th ppm 12.6
Co ppm 18.0 Nb ppm 14.4 Ti wt.% 0.417
Cr ppm 67 Nd ppm 22.9 Tl ppm 0.80
Cs ppm 8.45 Ni ppm 48.0 Tm ppm 0.33
Cu wt.% 1.11 Pb ppm 63 U ppm 4.01
Dy ppm 3.75 Pr ppm 6.03 V ppm 126
Er ppm 2.21 Rb ppm 147 W ppm 3.00
Eu ppm 1.06 Re ppb 470 Y ppm 20.7
Ga ppm 16.8 Sb ppm 1.80 Yb ppm 2.16
Gd ppm 4.03 Sc ppm 12.6 Zn ppm 105
Ge ppm 1.45 Se ppm <5 Zr ppm 189
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note: the number of significant figures reported is not a reflection of the level of certainty of stated values. They are
instead an artefact of ORE’s in-house CRM-specific LIMS.

INTRODUCTION
OREAS reference materials are intended to provide a low cost method of evaluating and
improving the quality of analysis of geological samples. To the geologist they provide a
means of implementing quality control in analytical data sets generated in exploration from
the grass roots level through to prospect evaluation, and in grade control at mining
operations. To the analyst they provide an effective means of calibrating analytical
equipment, assessing new techniques and routinely monitoring in-house procedures.

OREAS reference materials enable users to successfully achieve process control of these
tasks because the observed variance from repeated analysis has its origin almost
exclusively in the analytical process rather than the reference material itself.

SOURCE MATERIAL

OREAS 504c was prepared from a blend of porphyry copper-gold ore, barren granodiorite
and a minor quantity of Cu-Mo concentrate. The ore was sourced from the Ridgeway
underground mine located in the Cadia Valley Operations (CVO) situated in central
western New South Wales, Australia. The barren I-type hornblende-bearing granodiorite
was sourced from the Late Devonian Lysterfield granodiorite complex located in eastern
Melbourne, Australia.

Mineralisation in the CVO region is hosted by a sequence of late Ordovician to Early

Silurian volcanics, intrusives and sediments that occur within the Bogan Gate Synclinorial
Zone of the Lachlan Fold Belt. The western portion of this zone is dominated by volcanics

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 7 of 25
and host to the Late Ordovician Goonumbla porphyry copper-gold deposits. These
volcanics are interpreted to have erupted from shallow water to partly emergent volcanic
centres and show a broad range in composition from shoshonite through to latite to
trachyte. Coeval sub-volcanic quartz monzonite porphyries (and attendant mineralisation)
have intruded the volcanics. They are generally small, sub-vertical, pipe-like intrusives.
Typically the mineralised porphyries contain plagioclase and quartz phenocrysts in a
matrix of fine-grained potassium feldspar and quartz with minor biotite and hornblende.

Copper-gold mineralisation occurs as stockwork quartz veins and disseminations

associated with potassic alteration. This alteration is intimately associated spatially and
temporally with the small finger-like quartz monzonite porphyries that intrude the
Goonumbla Volcanics. Sulphides are zoned laterally from the centres of mineralisation.
The central portions are bornite-rich with minor chalcopyrite, zoning outward through equal
concentrations of bornite and chalcopyrite, to an outermost chalcopyrite-rich zone. Pyrite
increases outward at the expense of bornite.

COMMINUTION AND HOMOGENISATION PROCEDURES

The material constituting OREAS 504c was prepared in the following manner:
 Drying of ore and barren granodiorite to constant mass at 105°C;
 Drying of Cu-Mo concentrate to constant mass at 85°C;
 Multi-stage milling of ore and concentrate to 100% minus 30 microns;
 Milling of barren granodiorite to 98% minus 75 microns;
 Combining ores, granodiorite and concentrate in appropriate proportions to achieve
target grades;
 Homogenisation;
 Packaging into 10 and 60g units in laminated foil pouches and 500g units in plastic
jars.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OREAS 504c was tested at ORE Research & Exploration Pty Ltd’s onsite laboratory for
various physical properties. Table 3 presents these findings which should be used for
informational purposes only.

Table 3. Physical properties of OREAS 504c.

‡ ‡
CRM Name Bulk Density (g/L) Moisture% Munsell Notation Munsell Color

OREAS 504c 635 0.52 N6 Medium Light Gray

‡
The Munsell Rock Color Chart helps geologists and archeologists communicate with color more effectively by cross-
referencing ISCC-NBS color names with unique Munsell alpha-numeric color notations for rock color samples.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 8 of 25
 ANALYTICAL PROGRAM
Twenty seven commercial analytical laboratories participated in the program to certify the
elements reported in Table 1. The following methods were employed:

 Gold via 15-50g fire assay with AAS finish (14 laboratories) and ICP-OES (12
laboratories) finish;
 Gold via 15-50g aqua regia digestion with ICP-MS finish (11 laboratories), AAS (4
laboratories) and ICP-OES (1 laboratory) finish;
 Aqua regia digestion for full elemental suite ICP-OES/MS and AAS finish (up to 26
laboratories depending on the element);
 4-Acid digestion for full elemental suite ICP-OES/MS finish (up to 25 laboratories
depending on the element);
 Gold by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) on 20 x 85mg subsamples
to confirm homogeneity (1 laboratory only: ANSTO, Lucas Heights, Australia);
 Major and trace elements determined by borate fusion XRF (Al2O3 to TiO2), laser
ablation with ICP-MS (Ag to Zr), LOI at 1000°C and C+S by infrared combustion
furnace (1 laboratory only: Bureau Veritas Geoanalytical, Perth, Australia).

It is important to note that in the analytical industry there is no standardisation of the aqua
regia digestion process. Aqua regia is a partial empirical digest and differences in
recoveries for various analytes are commonplace. These are caused by variations in the
digest conditions which can include the ratio of nitric to hydrochloric acids, acid strength,
temperatures, leach times and secondary digestions. Recoveries for sulphide-hosted base
metal sulphides approach total values, however, other analytes, in particular the lithophile
elements, show greater sensitivity to method parameters. This can result in lack of
consensus in an inter-laboratory certification program for these elements.

The approach applied here is to report certified values in those instances where
reasonable agreement exists amongst a majority of participating laboratories. The results
of specific laboratories may differ significantly from the certified values, but will,
nonetheless, be valid and reproducible in the context of the specifics of the aqua regia
method in use. Users of this reference material should, therefore, be mindful of this
limitation when applying the certified values in a quality control program.

For the round robin program twenty 1kg test units were taken at predetermined intervals
during the bagging stage, immediately following homogenisation and are considered
representative of the entire prepared batch. Six 100g pulp samples were submitted to each
laboratory for analysis received by each laboratory were obtained by taking two 100g
samples from each of three separate 1kg test units. This format enabled nested ANOVA
treatment of the results to evaluate homogeneity, i.e. to ascertain whether between-unit
variance is greater than within-unit variance.

Table 1 presents the 119 certified values together with their associated 1SD’s, 95%
confidence and tolerance limits. Table 2 shows 76 indicative values for major and trace
element composition and Table 3 provides indicative physical properties information. Gold
homogeneity has been evaluated and confirmed by instrumental neutron activation
analysis (INAA) on twenty ~85mg sample portions (see Table 4) and by a nested ANOVA
program for both fire assay and aqua regia digestion (see ‘nested ANOVA’ section).

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 9 of 25
Table 5 provides performance gate intervals for the certified values based on their pooled
1SDs. Tabulated results of all elements together with uncorrected means, medians,
standard deviations, relative standard deviations and per cent deviation of lab means from
the corrected mean of means (PDM3) are presented in the detailed certification data for
this CRM (OREAS 504c DataPack-1.0.190408_165121.xlsx).

Results are also presented in scatter plots for gold by fire assay, gold by aqua regia
digestion, silver by 4-acid digestion, copper by 4-acid digestion and molybdenum by 4-acid
digestion (Figures 1 to 5, respectively) together with ±3SD (magenta) and ±5% (yellow)
control lines and certified value (green line). Accepted individual results are coloured blue
and individual and dataset outliers are identified in red and violet, respectively.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Certified Values, Confidence Limits, Standard Deviations and Tolerance Limits
(Table 1) have been determined for each analyte following removal of individual,
laboratory dataset (batch) and 3SD outliers (single iteration).

For individual outliers within a laboratory batch the z-score test is used in combination with
a second method that determines the per cent deviation of the individual value from the
batch median. Outliers in general are selected on the basis of z-scores > 2.5 and with per
cent deviations (i) > 3 and (ii) more than three times the average absolute per cent
deviation for the batch. In certain instances statistician’s prerogative has been employed in
discriminating outliers.

Each laboratory data set mean is tested for outlying status based on z-score discrimination
and rejected if > 2.5. After individual and laboratory data set (batch) outliers have been
eliminated a non-iterative 3 standard deviation filter is applied, with those values lying
outside this window also relegated to outlying status.

Certified Values are the means of accepted laboratory means after outlier filtering. The
INAA data (see Table 4) is omitted from determination of the certified value for Au and is
used solely for the calculation of Tolerance Limits and homogeneity evaluation of OREAS
504c.

95% Confidence Limits are inversely proportional to the number of participating

laboratories and inter-laboratory agreement. It is a measure of the reliability of the certified
value. A 95% confidence interval indicates a 95% probability that the true value of the
analyte under consideration lies between the upper and lower limits. 95% Confidence
Limits should not be used as control limits for laboratory performance.

Indicative (uncertified) values are provided in Table 2. Additional indicative values by

other analytical methods are present where the number of laboratories reporting a
particular analyte is insufficient (< 5) to support certification or where inter-laboratory
consensus is poor.

Standard Deviation values (1SDs) are reported in Table 1. They provide an indication of
a level of performance that might reasonably be expected from a laboratory being
monitored by this CRM in a QA/QC program. They take into account errors attributable to
measurement uncertainty and CRM variability. For an effective CRM the contribution of the
latter should be negligible in comparison to measurement errors. The Standard Deviation

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 10 of 25
values include all sources of measurement uncertainty: between-lab variance, within-run
variance (precision errors) and CRM variability.

The SD for each analyte’s certified value is calculated from the same filtered data set used
to determine the certified value, i.e. after removal of all individual, lab dataset (batch) and
3SD outliers (single iteration). These outliers can only be removed after the absolute
homogeneity of the CRM has been independently established, i.e. the outliers must be
confidently deemed to be analytical rather than arising from inhomogeneity of the CRM.
The standard deviation is then calculated for each analyte from the pooled accepted
analyses generated from the certification program.

In the application of SD’s in monitoring performance it is important to note that not all
laboratories function at the same level of proficiency and that different methods in use at a
particular laboratory have differing levels of precision. Each laboratory has its own inherent
SD (for a specific concentration level and analyte-method pair) based on the analytical
process and this SD is not directly related to the round robin program.

The majority of data generated in the round robin program was produced by a selection of
world class laboratories. The SD’s thus generated are more constrained than those that
would be produced across a randomly selected group of laboratories. To produce more
generally achievable SD’s the ‘pooled’ SD’s provided in this report include inter-lab bias.
This ‘one size fits all’ approach may require revision at the discretion of the QC manager
concerned following careful scrutiny of QC control charts.

Homogeneity Evaluation
The tolerance limits (ISO 16269:2014) shown in Table 1 were determined using an
analysis of precision errors method and are considered a conservative estimate of true
homogeneity. The meaning of tolerance limits may be illustrated for copper by 4-acid
digestion, where 99% of the time (1-α=0.99) at least 95% of subsamples (ρ=0.95) will have
concentrations lying between 1.09 and 1.13 wt.%. Put more precisely, this means that if
the same number of subsamples were taken and analysed in the same manner
repeatedly, 99% of the tolerance intervals so constructed would cover at least 95% of the
total population, and 1% of the tolerance intervals would cover less than 95% of the total
population (ISO Guide 35). Please note that tolerance limits pertain to the
homogeneity of the CRM only and should not be used as control limits for
laboratory performance.

Table 4 below shows the INAA data determined on 20 x 85mg subsamples of OREAS
504c. An equivalent scaled version of the results is also provided to demonstrate an
appreciation of what this data means if 30g fire assay determinations were undertaken
without the normal measurement error associated with this methodology.

The homogeneity of gold has been determined by INAA using the reduced analytical
subsample method which utilises the known relationship between standard deviation and
analytical subsample weight (Ingamells and Switzer, 1973). In this approach the sample
aliquot is substantially reduced to a point where most of the variability in replicate assays
should be due to inhomogeneity of the reference material and measurement error
becomes negligible. In this instance a subsample weight of 85 milligrams was employed
and the 1RSD of 0.191% was calculated for a 30g fire assay or aqua regia sample (3.58%
at 85mg weights). These confirm the high level of gold homogeneity in OREAS 504c.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 11 of 25
 Table 4. Neutron Activation Analysis of Au (in ppm) on 20 x 85mg subsamples showing
the equivalent results scaled to a typical fire assay (30g sample mass) method.
Replicate Au Au
No 85mg actual 30g equivalent*
1 1.412 1.514
2 1.531 1.520
3 1.584 1.523
4 1.609 1.525
5 1.500 1.519
6 1.464 1.517
7 1.499 1.519
8 1.528 1.520
9 1.474 1.517
10 1.533 1.521
11 1.466 1.517
12 1.451 1.516
13 1.607 1.524
14 1.478 1.518
15 1.587 1.523
16 1.569 1.522
17 1.507 1.519
18 1.509 1.519
19 1.564 1.522
20 1.524 1.520
Mean 1.520 1.520
Median 1.516 1.520
Std Dev. 0.054 0.003
Rel.Std.Dev. 3.58% 0.191%

(𝑥 𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐴 − 𝑋̅) × 𝑅𝑆𝐷@30𝑔

*Results calculated for a 30g equivalent sample mass using the formula: 𝑥 30𝑔 𝐸𝑞 = + 𝑋̅
𝑅𝑆𝐷@85𝑚𝑔
where 𝑥 30𝑔 𝐸𝑞 = equivalent result calculated for a 30g sample mass
(𝑥 𝐼𝑁𝐴𝐴 ) = raw INAA result at 85mg
𝑋̅ = mean of 85mg INAA results

The homogeneity of OREAS 504c has also been evaluated in a nested ANOVA of the
round robin program. Each of the twenty-five round robin laboratories received six samples
per CRM and these samples were made up of paired samples from three different, non-
adjacent sampling intervals. The purpose of the ANOVA evaluation is to test that no
statistically significant difference exists in the variance between-units to that of the
variance within-units. This allows an assessment of homogeneity across the entire
prepared batch of OREAS 504c. The test was performed using the following parameters:

 Gold fire assay – 156 samples (26 laboratories each providing analyses on 3 pairs
of samples);
 Gold aqua regia digestion – 102 samples (17 laboratories each providing analyses
on 3 pairs of samples);
 Null Hypothesis, H0: Between-unit variance is no greater than within-unit variance
(reject H0 if p-value < 0.05);
 Alternative Hypothesis, H1: Between-unit variance is greater than within-unit
variance.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 12 of 25
P-values are a measure of probability where values less than 0.05 indicate a greater than
95% probability that the observed differences in within-unit and between-unit variances are
real. The datasets were filtered for both individual and laboratory data set (batch) outliers
prior to the calculation of p-values. This process derived p-values of 1.000 for Au by fire
assay and 0.737 for Au by aqua regia digestion. Both p-values are insignificant and the
Null Hypothesis is retained. Additionally, none of the other certified values showed
significant p-values. Please note that only results for constituents present in concentrations
well above the detection levels (i.e. >20 x Lower Limit of Detection) for the various methods
undertaken were considered for the objective of evaluating homogeneity

It is important to note that ANOVA is not an absolute measure of homogeneity. Rather, it

establishes whether or not the analytes are distributed in a similar manner throughout the
packaging run of OREAS 504c and whether the variance between two subsamples from the
same unit is statistically distinguishable to the variance from two subsamples taken from any
two separate units. A reference material therefore, can possess poor absolute homogeneity
yet still pass a relative homogeneity test if the within-unit heterogeneity is large and similar
across all units.

Based on the statistical analysis of the results of the inter-laboratory certification program it
can be concluded that OREAS 504c is fit-for-purpose as a certified reference material (see
‘Intended Use’ below).

Performance Gates
Table 5 shows calculated for two and three standard deviations. As a guide these intervals
may be regarded as warning or rejection for multiple 2SD outliers, or rejection for
individual 3SD outliers in QC monitoring, although their precise application should be at
the discretion of the QC manager concerned. A second method utilises a 5% window
calculated directly from the certified value.

Standard deviation is also shown in relative percent for one, two and three relative
standard deviations (1RSD, 2RSD and 3RSD) to facilitate an appreciation of the
magnitude of these numbers and a comparison with the 5% window. Caution should be
exercised when concentration levels approach lower limits of detection of the analytical
methods employed as performance gates calculated from standard deviations tend to be
excessively wide whereas those determined by the 5% method are too narrow. One
approach used at commercial laboratories is to set the acceptance criteria at twice the
detection level (DL) ± 10%.

i.e. Certified Value ± 10% ± 2DL (adapted from Govett, 1983)

Table 5. Performance Gates for OREAS 504c.

Absolute Standard Deviations Relative Standard Deviations 5% window
Certified
Constituent
Value 2SD 2SD 3SD 3SD
1SD 1RSD 2RSD 3RSD Low High
Low High Low High
Pb Fire Assay
Au, ppm 1.48 0.045 1.39 1.57 1.35 1.62 3.04% 6.09% 9.13% 1.41 1.56
Aqua Regia Digestion (sample weights 10-50g)
Au, ppm 1.46 0.058 1.35 1.58 1.29 1.64 3.97% 7.93% 11.90% 1.39 1.54
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 13 of 25
 Table 5 continued.
Absolute Standard Deviations Relative Standard Deviations 5% window
Certified
Constituent
Value 2SD 2SD 3SD 3SD
1SD 1RSD 2RSD 3RSD Low High
Low High Low High
4-Acid Digestion
Ag, ppm 4.22 0.288 3.65 4.80 3.36 5.08 6.81% 13.63% 20.44% 4.01 4.43
Al, wt.% 7.07 0.220 6.63 7.51 6.41 7.73 3.11% 6.22% 9.33% 6.71 7.42
As, ppm 34.9 2.92 29.0 40.7 26.1 43.6 8.36% 16.73% 25.09% 33.1 36.6
Ba, ppm 850 25 801 899 777 924 2.89% 5.77% 8.66% 808 893
Be, ppm 2.31 0.196 1.92 2.71 1.73 2.90 8.48% 16.95% 25.43% 2.20 2.43
Bi, ppm 2.26 0.106 2.04 2.47 1.94 2.57 4.69% 9.38% 14.07% 2.14 2.37
Ca, wt.% 2.52 0.112 2.29 2.74 2.18 2.85 4.44% 8.88% 13.32% 2.39 2.64
Ce, ppm 49.8 4.55 40.7 58.9 36.2 63.4 9.13% 18.26% 27.39% 47.3 52.3
Co, ppm 16.2 0.94 14.3 18.1 13.4 19.0 5.81% 11.61% 17.42% 15.4 17.0
Cr, ppm 58 5.1 48 68 43 73 8.79% 17.58% 26.37% 55 61
Cs, ppm 8.16 0.351 7.46 8.87 7.11 9.22 4.30% 8.61% 12.91% 7.75 8.57
Cu, wt.% 1.11 0.030 1.05 1.17 1.02 1.20 2.68% 5.36% 8.03% 1.06 1.17
Dy, ppm 3.76 0.146 3.47 4.05 3.32 4.20 3.88% 7.76% 11.64% 3.57 3.95
Er, ppm 2.11 0.144 1.82 2.40 1.68 2.54 6.84% 13.69% 20.53% 2.00 2.21
Eu, ppm 1.03 0.13 0.77 1.29 0.64 1.42 12.68% 25.36% 38.04% 0.98 1.08
Fe, wt.% 6.08 0.191 5.70 6.47 5.51 6.66 3.15% 6.29% 9.44% 5.78 6.39
Ga, ppm 17.2 0.88 15.4 19.0 14.6 19.8 5.13% 10.26% 15.39% 16.3 18.1
Gd, ppm 4.14 0.200 3.75 4.54 3.55 4.74 4.82% 9.63% 14.45% 3.94 4.35
Hf, ppm 2.21 0.156 1.89 2.52 1.74 2.67 7.05% 14.11% 21.16% 2.10 2.32
Ho, ppm 0.75 0.050 0.65 0.85 0.60 0.90 6.64% 13.28% 19.92% 0.71 0.79
In, ppm 0.24 0.016 0.21 0.27 0.20 0.29 6.50% 13.01% 19.51% 0.23 0.25
K, wt.% 3.16 0.106 2.95 3.37 2.84 3.48 3.35% 6.69% 10.04% 3.00 3.32
La, ppm 25.5 1.39 22.7 28.3 21.3 29.7 5.46% 10.92% 16.38% 24.2 26.8
Li, ppm 25.9 1.42 23.1 28.8 21.7 30.2 5.48% 10.96% 16.44% 24.6 27.2
Lu, ppm 0.30 0.016 0.27 0.33 0.25 0.34 5.22% 10.44% 15.66% 0.28 0.31
Mg, wt.% 1.43 0.054 1.32 1.54 1.26 1.59 3.80% 7.60% 11.40% 1.36 1.50
Mn, wt.% 0.051 0.002 0.047 0.054 0.045 0.056 3.63% 7.25% 10.88% 0.048 0.053
Mo, ppm 512 13 485 539 472 552 2.62% 5.24% 7.87% 486 538
Na, wt.% 2.04 0.053 1.94 2.15 1.88 2.20 2.59% 5.18% 7.77% 1.94 2.14
Nb, ppm 14.2 0.60 13.0 15.4 12.4 16.0 4.23% 8.46% 12.68% 13.5 14.9
Nd, ppm 22.4 1.19 20.0 24.7 18.8 25.9 5.34% 10.67% 16.01% 21.2 23.5
Ni, ppm 43.2 2.40 38.4 48.0 36.0 50.4 5.54% 11.09% 16.63% 41.1 45.4
P, wt.% 0.094 0.003 0.088 0.101 0.084 0.105 3.65% 7.30% 10.95% 0.090 0.099
Pb, ppm 60 3.1 54 66 51 69 5.15% 10.30% 15.45% 57 63
Pr, ppm 5.96 0.487 4.99 6.93 4.50 7.42 8.17% 16.34% 24.50% 5.66 6.26
Rb, ppm 142 5 132 152 127 157 3.54% 7.08% 10.61% 135 149
Re, ppb 353 25 303 402 279 427 7.01% 14.02% 21.03% 335 371
S, wt.% 1.11 0.036 1.04 1.19 1.01 1.22 3.21% 6.42% 9.63% 1.06 1.17
Sb, ppm 1.62 0.088 1.44 1.79 1.35 1.88 5.43% 10.86% 16.29% 1.53 1.70
Sc, ppm 12.6 0.67 11.3 14.0 10.6 14.6 5.29% 10.59% 15.88% 12.0 13.3
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 14 of 25
 Table 5 continued.
Absolute Standard Deviations Relative Standard Deviations 5% window
Certified
Constituent
Value 2SD 2SD 3SD 3SD
1SD 1RSD 2RSD 3RSD Low High
Low High Low High
4-Acid Digestion continued
Se, ppm 7.39 0.99 5.42 9.36 4.44 10.35 13.33% 26.66% 39.98% 7.02 7.76
Sm, ppm 4.50 0.259 3.99 5.02 3.73 5.28 5.75% 11.49% 17.24% 4.28 4.73
Sn, ppm 5.42 0.215 4.99 5.85 4.78 6.07 3.96% 7.92% 11.87% 5.15 5.69
Sr, ppm 360 16 328 392 312 408 4.47% 8.94% 13.41% 342 378
Ta, ppm 1.06 0.066 0.93 1.20 0.87 1.26 6.19% 12.39% 18.58% 1.01 1.12
Tb, ppm 0.64 0.013 0.62 0.67 0.60 0.68 2.05% 4.10% 6.16% 0.61 0.68
Te, ppm 0.47 0.05 0.37 0.57 0.32 0.62 10.47% 20.94% 31.41% 0.45 0.50
Th, ppm 12.6 0.67 11.3 14.0 10.6 14.6 5.33% 10.65% 15.98% 12.0 13.3
Ti, wt.% 0.403 0.015 0.374 0.432 0.359 0.447 3.61% 7.23% 10.84% 0.383 0.423
Tl, ppm 0.70 0.028 0.65 0.76 0.62 0.78 3.93% 7.87% 11.80% 0.67 0.74
Tm, ppm 0.31 0.020 0.27 0.35 0.25 0.37 6.58% 13.16% 19.74% 0.29 0.32
U, ppm 3.64 0.173 3.29 3.98 3.12 4.16 4.76% 9.53% 14.29% 3.46 3.82
V, ppm 122 6 111 133 106 139 4.50% 9.01% 13.51% 116 128
W, ppm 2.95 0.219 2.51 3.39 2.29 3.61 7.43% 14.86% 22.30% 2.80 3.10
Y, ppm 20.3 0.77 18.8 21.9 18.0 22.6 3.80% 7.59% 11.39% 19.3 21.3
Yb, ppm 2.00 0.170 1.66 2.34 1.49 2.51 8.49% 16.98% 25.47% 1.90 2.10
Zn, ppm 106 4 97 115 93 119 4.07% 8.14% 12.20% 101 111
Zr, ppm 72 5.5 61 83 55 88 7.60% 15.19% 22.79% 68 75
Aqua Regia Digestion
Ag, ppm 4.19 0.306 3.58 4.80 3.27 5.11 7.31% 14.62% 21.93% 3.98 4.40
Al, wt.% 1.86 0.053 1.76 1.97 1.71 2.02 2.83% 5.65% 8.48% 1.77 1.96
As, ppm 34.5 2.57 29.4 39.6 26.8 42.2 7.45% 14.91% 22.36% 32.8 36.2
Ba, ppm 271 21 229 312 209 332 7.63% 15.27% 22.90% 257 284
Be, ppm 0.53 0.07 0.39 0.67 0.32 0.74 13.29% 26.58% 39.87% 0.51 0.56
Bi, ppm 2.28 0.148 1.98 2.58 1.83 2.72 6.51% 13.02% 19.53% 2.17 2.39
Ca, wt.% 1.31 0.075 1.16 1.46 1.08 1.53 5.72% 11.44% 17.16% 1.24 1.37
Ce, ppm 44.1 3.75 36.6 51.6 32.8 55.4 8.51% 17.01% 25.52% 41.9 46.3
Co, ppm 14.9 0.87 13.2 16.7 12.3 17.5 5.83% 11.66% 17.48% 14.2 15.7
Cr, ppm 56 4.0 48 64 44 68 7.06% 14.13% 21.19% 53 59
Cs, ppm 6.93 0.392 6.15 7.71 5.75 8.11 5.66% 11.31% 16.97% 6.58 7.28
Cu, wt.% 1.10 0.019 1.06 1.14 1.04 1.16 1.75% 3.50% 5.25% 1.05 1.16
Dy, ppm 2.67 0.133 2.40 2.93 2.27 3.06 4.99% 9.97% 14.96% 2.53 2.80
Er, ppm 1.48 0.043 1.39 1.57 1.35 1.61 2.93% 5.87% 8.80% 1.41 1.55
Eu, ppm 0.41 0.07 0.28 0.55 0.21 0.61 16.13% 32.25% 48.38% 0.39 0.43
Fe, wt.% 5.75 0.261 5.22 6.27 4.96 6.53 4.55% 9.10% 13.65% 5.46 6.03
Ga, ppm 8.42 0.579 7.26 9.58 6.68 10.16 6.88% 13.76% 20.65% 8.00 8.84
Gd, ppm 3.10 0.301 2.50 3.70 2.20 4.01 9.69% 19.37% 29.06% 2.95 3.26
Ge, ppm 0.16 0.03 0.10 0.23 0.07 0.26 18.48% 36.95% 55.43% 0.16 0.17
Hf, ppm 0.47 0.031 0.40 0.53 0.37 0.56 6.61% 13.22% 19.83% 0.44 0.49
Hg, ppm 0.064 0.011 0.042 0.086 0.030 0.097 17.41% 34.82% 52.22% 0.061 0.067
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 15 of 25
 Table 5 continued.
Absolute Standard Deviations Relative Standard Deviations 5% window
Certified
Constituent
Value 2SD 2SD 3SD 3SD
1SD 1RSD 2RSD 3RSD Low High
Low High Low High
Aqua Regia Digestion continued
Ho, ppm 0.48 0.043 0.40 0.57 0.35 0.61 8.98% 17.97% 26.95% 0.46 0.51
In, ppm 0.22 0.009 0.20 0.24 0.19 0.25 3.98% 7.96% 11.94% 0.21 0.23
K, wt.% 0.809 0.032 0.745 0.874 0.712 0.906 4.00% 7.99% 11.99% 0.769 0.850
La, ppm 22.0 1.83 18.4 25.7 16.5 27.5 8.31% 16.61% 24.92% 20.9 23.1
Li, ppm 23.6 2.8 18.0 29.3 15.2 32.1 11.90% 23.80% 35.70% 22.5 24.8
Lu, ppm 0.18 0.013 0.16 0.21 0.15 0.22 6.99% 13.98% 20.97% 0.17 0.19
Mg, wt.% 1.15 0.034 1.08 1.22 1.04 1.25 3.00% 6.01% 9.01% 1.09 1.21
Mn, wt.% 0.038 0.001 0.035 0.041 0.034 0.042 3.90% 7.79% 11.69% 0.036 0.040
Mo, ppm 505 18 470 540 452 558 3.48% 6.96% 10.45% 480 530
Na, wt.% 0.184 0.020 0.143 0.224 0.123 0.245 11.07% 22.13% 33.20% 0.174 0.193
Nb, ppm 1.07 0.20 0.67 1.47 0.48 1.67 18.57% 37.14% 55.71% 1.02 1.13
Nd, ppm 19.0 0.57 17.8 20.1 17.3 20.7 3.01% 6.03% 9.04% 18.0 19.9
Ni, ppm 41.3 1.55 38.2 44.4 36.7 46.0 3.75% 7.50% 11.25% 39.3 43.4
P, wt.% 0.091 0.004 0.082 0.100 0.078 0.105 4.89% 9.77% 14.66% 0.087 0.096
Pb, ppm 51 1.7 47 54 46 56 3.34% 6.67% 10.01% 48 53
Pr, ppm 5.06 0.155 4.75 5.37 4.60 5.52 3.06% 6.12% 9.18% 4.81 5.31
Rb, ppm 87 4.1 79 95 75 99 4.67% 9.34% 14.01% 82 91
Re, ppb 351 27 296 405 269 433 7.78% 15.55% 23.33% 333 368
S, wt.% 1.10 0.059 0.98 1.22 0.92 1.28 5.36% 10.72% 16.08% 1.04 1.15
Sb, ppm 1.02 0.12 0.77 1.27 0.65 1.40 12.23% 24.46% 36.69% 0.97 1.07
Sc, ppm 7.12 0.559 6.00 8.24 5.44 8.79 7.85% 15.69% 23.54% 6.76 7.48
Se, ppm 7.00 0.91 5.18 8.83 4.26 9.74 13.04% 26.08% 39.13% 6.65 7.35
Sm, ppm 3.49 0.200 3.09 3.89 2.89 4.09 5.74% 11.47% 17.21% 3.31 3.66
Sn, ppm 4.54 0.257 4.03 5.05 3.77 5.31 5.65% 11.31% 16.96% 4.31 4.77
Sr, ppm 92 10 72 113 62 123 11.10% 22.20% 33.30% 88 97
Tb, ppm 0.46 0.038 0.38 0.53 0.35 0.57 8.23% 16.46% 24.69% 0.44 0.48
Te, ppm 0.45 0.033 0.38 0.51 0.35 0.54 7.35% 14.71% 22.06% 0.42 0.47
Th, ppm 12.3 0.65 11.0 13.6 10.4 14.3 5.24% 10.49% 15.73% 11.7 12.9
Ti, wt.% 0.267 0.014 0.240 0.295 0.226 0.309 5.22% 10.44% 15.66% 0.254 0.281
Tl, ppm 0.47 0.05 0.38 0.57 0.33 0.62 10.08% 20.16% 30.23% 0.45 0.50
Tm, ppm 0.20 0.007 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.22 3.38% 6.75% 10.13% 0.19 0.21
U, ppm 3.32 0.242 2.84 3.80 2.60 4.05 7.29% 14.57% 21.86% 3.15 3.49
V, ppm 108 5 97 118 92 124 4.95% 9.90% 14.85% 102 113
W, ppm 1.70 0.23 1.24 2.17 1.00 2.40 13.69% 27.38% 41.08% 1.62 1.79
Y, ppm 14.2 0.93 12.3 16.0 11.4 17.0 6.60% 13.19% 19.79% 13.5 14.9
Yb, ppm 1.26 0.060 1.14 1.38 1.08 1.44 4.77% 9.54% 14.31% 1.20 1.32
Zn, ppm 95 6.3 83 108 76 114 6.62% 13.25% 19.87% 91 100
Zr, ppm 12.1 1.10 9.9 14.3 8.8 15.4 9.09% 18.18% 27.26% 11.5 12.7
SI unit equivalents: ppm, parts per million ≡ mg/kg ≡ µg/g ≡ 0.0001 wt.% ≡ 1000 ppb, parts per billion.
Note 1: intervals may appear asymmetric due to rounding.
Note 2: the number of decimal places quoted does not imply accuracy of the certified value to this level but are given to
minimise rounding errors when calculating 2SD and 3SD windows.

COA-1390-OREAS504c-R0 Page: 16 of 25
 PARTICIPATING LABORATORIES

1. Alex Stewart International, Mendoza, Argentina

2. ALS, Johannesburg, South Africa
3. ALS, Lima, Peru
4. ALS, Loughrea, Galway, Ireland
5. ALS, Perth, WA, Australia
6. ALS, Ulaanbaatar, Khan-Uul District, Mongolia
7. ALS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
8. ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
9. Bureau Veritas Commodities Canada Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada
10. Bureau Veritas Geoanalytical, Perth, WA, Australia
11. CERTIMIN, Lima, Peru
12. ESAN Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
13. Inspectorate (BV), Lima, Peru
14. Inspectorate America Corporation (BV), Sparks, Nevada, USA
15. Intertek Genalysis, Adelaide, SA, Australia
16. Intertek Genalysis, Perth, WA, Australia
17. Intertek Testing Services, Townsville, QLD, Australia
18. Nagrom, Perth, WA, Australia
19. Newcrest Laboratory Services, Orange, NSW, Australia
20. PT Geoservices Ltd, Cikarang, Jakarta Raya, Indonesia
21. PT Intertek Utama Services, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
22. PT SGS Indo Assay Laboratories, Jakarta, Indonesia
23. SGS, Ankara, Anatolia, Turkey
24. SGS Canada Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
25. SGS del Peru, Lima, Peru
26. SGS Mongolia, Ulan Bator, Mongolia
27. Shiva Analyticals Ltd, Bangalore North, Karnataka, India

Please note: Above numbered alphabetical list of participating laboratories does not
reflect the Lab ID numbering on the scatter plots below.

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 Figure 1. Au (ppm) by Pb Fire Assay in OREAS 504c

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 Figure 2. Au (ppm) by Aqua Regia digestion in OREAS 504c

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 Figure 3. Ag (ppm) by 4-acid digestion in OREAS 504c

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 Figure 4. Cu (wt.%) by 4-acid digestion in OREAS 504c

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 Figure 5. Mo (ppm) by 4-acid digestion in OREAS 504c

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 PREPARER AND SUPPLIER
Certified reference material OREAS 504c was prepared, certified and supplied by:

ORE Research & Exploration Pty Ltd Tel: +613-9729 0333

37A Hosie Street Fax: +613-9729 8338
Bayswater North VIC 3153 Web: www.ore.com.au
AUSTRALIA Email: [email protected]

It is available in unit sizes of 10g and 60g (single-use laminated foil pouches) and 500g
(plastic jars).

METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY
The analytical samples were selected in a manner to represent the entire batch of
prepared CRM. This ‘representivity’ was maintained in each submitted laboratory sample
batch and ensures the user that the data is traceable from sample selection through to the
analytical results that underlie the consensus values. Each analytical data set has been
validated by its assayer through the inclusion of internal reference materials and QC
checks during analysis.

The laboratories were chosen on the basis of their competence (from past performance in
inter-laboratory programs undertaken by ORE Pty Ltd) for a particular analytical method,
analyte or analyte suite, and sample matrix. Most of these laboratories have and maintain
ISO 17025 accreditation. The certified values presented in this report are calculated from
the means of accepted data following robust statistical treatment as detailed in this report.

Guide ISO/TR 16476:2016, section 5.3.1 describes metrological traceability in reference

materials as it pertains to the transformation of the measurand. In this section it states,
“Although the determination of the property value itself can be made traceable to
appropriate units through, for example, calibration of the measurement equipment used,
steps like the transformation of the sample from one physical (chemical) state to another
cannot. Such transformations may only be compared with a reference (when available), or
among themselves. For some transformations, reference methods have been defined and
may be used in certification projects to evaluate the uncertainty associated with such a
transformation. In other cases, only a comparison among different laboratories using
the same method is possible. In this case, certification takes place on the basis of
agreement among independent measurement results (see ISO Guide 35:2006, Clause 10).”

COMMUTABILITY
The measurements of the results that underlie the certified values contained in this report
were undertaken by methods involving pre-treatment (digestion/fusion) of the sample. This
served to reduce the sample to a simple and well understood form permitting calibration
using simple solutions of the CRM. Due to these methods being well understood and
highly effective, commutability is not an issue for this CRM. All OREAS CRMs are sourced
from natural ore minerals meaning they will display similar behaviour as routine ‘field’
samples in the relevant measurement process. Care should be taken to ensure ‘matrix
matching’ as close as practically achievable. The matrix and mineralisation style of the
CRM is described in the ‘Source Material’ section and users should select appropriate
CRMs matching these attributes to their field samples.

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 INTENDED USE
OREAS 504c is intended to cover all activities needed to produce a measurement result.
This includes extraction, possible separation steps and the actual measurement process
(the signal producing step). OREAS 504c may be used to calibrate the entire procedure by
producing a pure substance CRM transformed into a calibration solution.

OREAS 504c is intended for the following uses:

 For the monitoring of laboratory performance in the analysis of analytes reported
in Table 1 in geological samples;
 For the verification of analytical methods for analytes reported in Table 1;
 For the calibration of instruments used in the determination of the concentration
of analytes reported in Table 1.

STABILITY AND STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS

OREAS 504c has been prepared from a blend of porphyry copper-gold ore, barren
granodiorite and a minor quantity of Cu-Mo concentrate. It is low in reactive sulphide
(~1.1% S). In its unopened state and under normal conditions of storage it has a shelf life
beyond ten years. Its stability will be monitored at regular intervals and purchasers notified
if any changes are observed.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CORRECT USE

The certified values for OREAS 504c refer to the concentration level in its packaged state. It
should not be dried prior to weighing and analysis.

HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS
Fine powders pose a risk to eyes and lungs and therefore standard precautions such as
the use of safety glasses and dust masks are advised.

LEGAL NOTICE
Ore Research & Exploration Pty Ltd has prepared and statistically evaluated the property
values of this reference material to the best of its ability. The Purchaser by receipt hereof
releases and indemnifies Ore Research & Exploration Pty Ltd from and against all liability
and costs arising from the use of this material and information.

DOCUMENT HISTORY

Revision No. Date Changes applied

th
0 11 April 2019 First publication.

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 QMS ACCREDITED
ORE Pty Ltd is accredited to ISO 9001:2015 by Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance Ltd for
its quality management system including development, manufacturing, certification and
supply of CRMs.

CERTIFYING OFFICER

11th April, 2019

Craig Hamlyn (B.Sc. Hons - Geology), Technical Manager - ORE P/L

REFERENCES
Govett, G.J.S. (1983), ed. Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry, Volume 2: Statistics and
Data Analysis in Geochemical Prospecting (Variations of accuracy and precision), P.O. Box
330, 1000 AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ingamells, C. O. and Switzer, P. (1973), Talanta 20, 547-568.
ISO Guide 30:2015, Terms and definitions used in connection with reference materials.
ISO Guide 31:2015, Reference materials – Contents of certificates and labels.
ISO Guide 35:2017, Certification of reference materials - General and statistical principals.
ISO 16269:2014, Statistical interpretation of data – Part 6: Determination of statistical
tolerance intervals.
Munsell Rock Color Book (2014), Rock-Color Chart Committee, Geological Society of
America (GSA), 4300 44th Street SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49512.

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