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DNA Structure and History

The document discusses heredity and how DNA carries genetic information. It explains that DNA is made up of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, which form a double helix structure. The objectives are to explain how proteins are manufactured using DNA information, how changes in DNA can cause changes in its products, and how mutations in sex cells can be inherited. The history of DNA research is summarized, from Friedrich Miescher first identifying DNA in 1869 to Watson and Crick discovering its double helix structure and composition of base pairs in the 1950s. RNA is also briefly introduced.

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Cedrick Valera
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45 views

DNA Structure and History

The document discusses heredity and how DNA carries genetic information. It explains that DNA is made up of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, which form a double helix structure. The objectives are to explain how proteins are manufactured using DNA information, how changes in DNA can cause changes in its products, and how mutations in sex cells can be inherited. The history of DNA research is summarized, from Friedrich Miescher first identifying DNA in 1869 to Watson and Crick discovering its double helix structure and composition of base pairs in the 1950s. RNA is also briefly introduced.

Uploaded by

Cedrick Valera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heredity

Inheritance and Variation


At the end of this chapter, the
students must be able to:

explain how protein is manufactured,


using information from DNA

OBJECTIVES
explain how changes in a DNA
molecule may cause changes in its
products; and

describe how mutations occurring in


sex cells ca be heredity.
Deoxyribonucleic
acid or DNA
is a nucleic acid, a complex
macromolecule consisting of
chemical substances that contains
the genetic information of an
organism.
Nucleotide
Pyrimidines Purines
have a single ring chain in their are composed of two ring chains
chemical structure and consist of consisting of the nitrogenous
the nitrogenous bases thymine bases adenine (A) and guanine
(T) and cytosine (C) (G)
Double Helix
Structure
Nitrogenous Bases
Structure
Brief History of the DNA

Friedrich
Miescher

1869 - Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss


chemist, first identified DNA as a
unique molecule.
Owald Avery
Colin Macleod
Maclyn McCarty
examined the various molecules
found in the S-strain Pneumococcus
cells to prove that DNA was
responsible for the transformation of
the bacterial cells.
Rosalind
Franklin

Rosalind Franklin used x-ray


crystallography to determine that DNA
was double stranded, a helix,
phosphates were on the outside and
three distances, 2.0 nm, .34 nm, and
3.4 nm showed up in a pattern over
and over again in the diffraction
pattern.
James Watson
Francis Crick
were able to identify that DNA
consists of two, helical strands of
genetic material. Soon they
discovered that DNA is composed of
sugar, phosphate groups and a
series of nitrogenous base pairs.
Ribonucleic acid
or RNA
is a molecular chain composed of
nucleotides with only one strand
and four nitrogenous bases.

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