PREREQUISITES
1. Make sure two services: 1) Apache and 2) MySQL are running
2. Open your browser and type http://localhost then press Enter. Make sure you get the
XAMPP dashboard as in the picture below. Locate the phpMyAdmin link at the top right
corner.
3. You will see this phpMyAdmin user interface as in the picture below.
4. Click on the SQL tab at the right panel, and you will see a SQL editor. You can type all
SQL commands inside the editor and click the Go button to execute the command.
ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ERD)
Study and examine ERD above and SQL CREATE command below before you start creating
the physical database and table structure.
STEP 1: CREATING PHYSICAL DATABASE
create database themeparkdb
STEP 2: CREATING PHYSICAL TABLES WITH ATTRIBUTES
* ALWAYS CREATE TABLE THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN ANY FOREIGN KEY FIRST
create table themepark
(
park_code varchar(10) primary key,
park_name varchar(35) not null,
park_city varchar(50) not null,
part_country char(2) not null
)
create table employee
(
emp_num integer primary key,
emp_title varchar(4),
emp_lname varchar(15) not null,
emp_fname varchar(15) not null,
emp_dob date not null,
emp_hire_date date not null,
emp_area_code varchar(4) not null,
emp_phone varchar(12),
park_code varchar(10),
foreign key (park_code) references themepark (park_code)
)
create table ticket
(
ticket_no integer primary key,
ticket_price decimal(4,2) default 00.00 not null,
ticket_type varchar(10),
park_code varchar(10),
foreign key (park_code) references themepark (park_code)
)
create table attraction
(
attract_no integer primary key,
attract_name varchar(35),
attract_age integer default 0 not null,
attract_capacity integer not null,
park_code varchar(10),
foreign key (park_code) references themepark (park_code)
)
* MULTIPLE PRIMARY KEY ATTRIBUTES IN A TABLE
create table hours
(
emp_num integer,
attract_no integer,
hours_per_attract integer not null,
hour_rate decimal(4,2) not null,
date_worked date not null,
primary key (emp_num, attract_no, date_worked),
foreign key (emp_num) references employee (emp_num),
foreign key (attract_no) references attraction (attract_no)
)
create table sales
(
transaction_no integer primary key,
park_code varchar(10),
sale_date date not null,
foreign key (park_code) references themepark (park_code)
)
create table sales_line
(
line_no integer not null,
transaction_no integer,
ticket_no integer not null,
line_qty integer default 0 not null,
line_price decimal(9,2) default 0.00 not null,
primary key (line_no, transaction_no),
foreign key (transaction_no) references sales (transaction_no),
foreign key (ticket_no) references ticket (ticket_no)
)
ADDING NEW ATTRIBUTE/COLUMN
Command:
alter table <table_name>
add column <attribute_name> <data_type>
E.g:
alter table employee
add column emp_email varchar(50);
REMOVING EXISTING ATTRIBUTE/COLUMN
Command:
alter table <table_name>
drop column <attribute_name>
E.g:
alter table employee
drop column emp_email
RENAME EXISTING ATTRIBUTE/DOMAIN NAME
Command:
* For MariaDB 10.5.2 version and above only
Source: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/alter-table/#rename-column
alter table <table_name>
rename column <existing_attribute_name> to <new_attribute_name>
* For MariaDB versions lower than 10.5.2 version
alter table <table_name>
change column <existing_attribute_name> <new_attribute_name>
<datatype>
E.g:
* For MariaDB 10.5.2 version and above only
alter table themepark
rename column part_country to park_country
* For MariaDB versions lower than 10.5.2 version
alter table themepark
change column part_country park_country char(2)
CHANGE DATA TYPE OR INCREASE CHARACTER SIZE
Command:
alter table <table_name>
modify column <attribute_name> <data_type>
E.g:
alter table employee
modify column emp_lname varchar(50)
ASSIGN PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT TO EXISTING ATTRIBUTE AFTER SUCCESSFULLY
CREATED THE TABLE [OPTIONAL]
Command:
alter table <table_name>
add primary key (<primary_key_attribute_name>)
E.g:
alter table themepark
add primary key (park_code)
ASSIGN FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT TO EXISTING ATTRIBUTE AFTER
SUCCESSFULLY CREATED THE TABLE [OPTIONAL]
Command:
alter table <table_name>
add foreign key (<attribute_name>) references <ref_table_name>
(<ref_pk_attribute_name>)
E.g:
alter table employee
add foreign key (park_code) reference themepark (park_code)
INSERTING RECORD INTO TABLE. PLEASE REFER TO THE DATASET GIVEN
METHOD 1: WITH ATTRIBUTE NAMES SPECIFIED
Command:
INSERT INTO <table_name> (<attribute_1>, <attribute_2>, ..,
<attribute_n>) VALUES (<value_1>, <value_2>, .., <value_n>)
E.g:
INSERT INTO themepark (PARK_CODE, PARK_NAME, PARK_CITY, PARK_COUNTRY)
VALUES
('FR1001', 'Fairy Land', 'PARIS', 'FR'),
('NL1202', 'Efling', 'NOORD', 'NL'),
('SP4533', 'Adventure Port', 'BARCELONA', 'SP'),
('SW2323', 'Labyrinthe', 'LAUSANNE', 'SW'),
('UK2622', 'Mini Land', 'WINDSOR', 'UK'),
('UK3452', 'Pleasureland', 'STOKE', 'UK'),
('ZA1342', 'Gold Town', 'JOHANNESBURG', 'ZA')
METHOD 2: WITHOUT ATTRIBUTE NAMES SPECIFIED
Command:
INSERT INTO <table_name> VALUES (<value_1>, <value_2>, .., <value_n>)
E.g:
INSERT INTO themepark VALUES ('FR1001', 'Fairy Land', 'PARIS', 'FR'),
('NL1202', 'Efling', 'NOORD', 'NL'),
('SP4533', 'Adventure Port', 'BARCELONA', 'SP'),
('SW2323', 'Labyrinthe', 'LAUSANNE', 'SW'),
('UK2622', 'Mini Land', 'WINDSOR', 'UK'),
('UK3452', 'Pleasureland', 'STOKE', 'UK'),
('ZA1342', 'Gold Town', 'JOHANNESBURG', 'ZA')
EXTRA: INSERTING 1 BY 1 RECORD INTO TABLE
INSERT INTO themepark (PARK_CODE, PARK_NAME, PARK_CITY, PARK_COUNTRY)
VALUES ('FR1001', 'Fairy Land', 'PARIS', 'FR')
INSERT INTO themepark (PARK_CODE, PARK_NAME, PARK_CITY, PARK_COUNTRY)
VALUES ('NL1202', 'Efling', 'NOORD', 'NL')
DATASET
Table: themepark
park_code park_name park_city park_country
FR1001 Fairy Land PARIS FR
NL1202 Efling NOORD NL
SP4533 Adventure Port BARCELONA SP
SW2323 Labyrinthe LAUSANNE SW
UK2622 Mini Land WINDSOR UK
UK3452 Pleasureland STOKE UK
ZA1342 Gold Town JOHANNESBURG ZA
Table: employee
emp_ emp_t emp_ln emp_fn emp_do emp_hire emp_area emp_p park_c
num itle ame ame b _date _code hone ode
Calderd 1972- 1992-03- 324- FR100
100 Ms ale Emma 06-15 15 181 9134 1
1978- 1996-04- 324- UK345
101 Ms Ricardo Marshel 03-19 25 181 4472 2
1969- 1990-12- 675- FR100
102 Mr Arshad Arif 11-14 20 7253 8993 1
1974- 1994-08- 898- UK345
103 Ms Roberts Anne 10-16 16 181 3456 2
1980- 2001-10- 504- ZA134
104 Mr Denver Enrica 11-08 20 7253 4434 2
Namow 1990- 2006-11- 890- FR100
105 Ms a Mirrelle 03-14 08 181 3243 1
1968- 1989-01- 324- ZA134
106 Mrs Smith Gemma 02-12 05 181 7845 2
Table: ticket
ticket_no ticket_price ticket_type park_code
11001 24.99 Adult SP4533
11002 14.99 Child SP4533
11003 10.99 Senior SP4533
13001 18.99 Child FR1001
13002 34.99 Adult FR1001
13003 20.99 Senior FR1001
67832 18.56 Child ZA1342
67833 28.67 Adult ZA1342
67855 12.12 Senior ZA1342
88567 22.5 Child UK3452
88568 42.1 Adult UK3452
89720 10.99 Senior UK3452
Table: attraction
Attract_no Attract_name Attract_age Attract_capacity Park_code
10034 Thunder Coaster 11 34 FR1001
10056 Spinning Teacups 4 62 FR1001
10067 Flight To Stars 11 24 FR1001
10078 Ant-Trap 23 30 FR1001
10082 NULL 10 40 ZA1342
10098 Carnival 3 120 FR1001
20056 3D-Lego Show 3 200 UK3452
30011 Black Hole 2 12 34 UK3452
30012 Pirates 10 42 UK3452
30044 Under Sea Word 4 80 UK3452
98764 Gold Rush 5 80 ZA1342
Table: hours
Emp_num Attract_no Hours_per_attract Hour_rate Date_worked
100 10034 6 6.5 2007-05-18
100 10034 6 6.5 2007-05-20
101 10034 6 6.5 2007-05-18
102 30012 3 5.99 2007-05-23
102 30044 6 5.99 2007-05-21
102 30044 3 5.99 2007-05-22
104 30011 6 7.2 2007-05-21
104 30012 6 7.2 2007-05-22
105 10078 3 8.5 2007-05-18
105 10098 3 8.5 2007-05-18
105 10098 6 8.5 2007-05-19
Table: sales
transaction_no park_code sale_date
12781 FR1001 2007-05-18
12782 FR1001 2007-05-18
12783 FR1001 2007-05-18
12784 FR1001 2007-05-18
12785 FR1001 2007-05-18
12786 FR1001 2007-05-18
34534 UK3452 2007-05-18
34535 UK3452 2007-05-18
34536 UK3452 2007-05-18
34537 UK3452 2007-05-18
34538 UK3452 2007-05-18
34539 UK3452 2007-05-18
34540 UK3452 2007-05-18
34541 UK3452 2007-05-18
67589 ZA1342 2007-05-18
67590 ZA1342 2007-05-18
67591 ZA1342 2007-05-18
67592 ZA1342 2007-05-18
67593 ZA1342 2007-05-18
Table: sales_line
transaction_no line_no ticket_no line_qty line_price
12781 1 13002 2 69.98
12781 2 13001 1 14.99
12782 1 13002 2 69.98
12783 1 13003 2 41.98
12784 2 13001 1 14.99
12785 1 13001 1 14.99
12785 2 13002 1 34.99
12785 3 13002 4 139.96
34534 1 88568 4 168.4
34534 2 88567 1 22.5
34534 3 89720 2 21.98
34535 1 88568 2 84.2
34536 1 89720 2 21.98
34537 1 88568 2 84.2
34537 2 88567 1 22.5
34538 1 89720 2 21.98
34539 1 89720 2 21.98
34539 2 88568 2 84.2
34540 1 88568 4 168.4
34540 2 88567 1 22.5
34540 3 89720 2 21.98
34541 1 88568 2 84.2
67589 1 67833 2 57.34
67589 2 67832 2 37.12
67590 1 67833 2 57.34
67590 2 67832 2 37.12
67591 1 67832 1 18.56
67591 2 67855 1 12.12
67592 1 67833 4 114.68
67593 1 67833 2 57.34
67593 2 67832 2 37.12
UPDATING EXISTING RECORD
Command:
update <table_name> SET attribute_1 = value_1, attribute_2 = value_2,
attribute_3 = value_3, …, attribute_4 = value_4 where <pk_attribute> =
<pk_value> [you can use condition(s) instead of pk_attribute]
E.g:
update employee set emp_fname = 'Khairul', emp_lname = 'Ikhwan' where
emp_num = 102
DELETING EXISTING RECORD
Command:
delete from <table_name> where <pk_attribute> = <pk_value> [you can
use condition(s) instead of pk_attribute]
E.g:
delete from employee where emp_num = 102
