MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS-1

Mamun Muztaba
MC (Asst Professor)@ Bangladesh Institute of Management
 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN
MANAGEMENT THOUGH
• Management is such a complex subject that it can be approached from
different perspectives or major developments in thought. Although these
developments, or schools of thought, are different, they do not compete
with each other as statements of truth about management. Instead, they
complement and support each other. Major Management Thoughts:
• The classical,
• The behavioral, and
• The management-science schools

• They are supplemented by the contingency and systems approaches,

both of which attempt to integrate these three major developments.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 MANAGEMENT THOUGH
The Classical School of management
• The original formal approach to studying management. This school of
thought searches for solid principles and concepts that can be used to
manage people and work productively.
Strength
• It provides a systematic way of managing people and work that has
proved useful over time.
Limitation
• It sometimes ignores differences among people and situations.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 MANAGEMENT THOUGH
The behavioral school of management
• Concerns that the classical school did not pay enough attention to the human element led
to the behavioral school of management. The approach to studying management that
emphasizes improving management through understanding the psychological makeup of
people.
The management-science school
• The school of management thought that concentrates on providing management with a
scientific basis for solving problems and making decisions.
Strengths
• It enables managers to solve problems that are so complex they cannot be solved by
common sense alone.
Weakness
• It produces are often less precise than they appear.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 MANAGEMENT THOUGH
The systems approach
• A perspective on management problems based on the concept that
the organization is a system, or an entity of interrelated parts. If you
adjust one part of the system, other parts will be affected
automatically.
• For example, suppose you offer low compensation to job candidates,
your action will influence product quality.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 MANAGEMENT THOUGH
The Contingency Approach
• A perspective on management that emphasizes that there is no one best
way to manage people or work. It encourages managers to study individual
and situational differences before deciding on a course of action.
Strength
• It encourages managers to examine individual and situational differences
before deciding on a course of action.
Weakness
• It is often used as an excuse for not acquiring formal knowledge about
management.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT
THOUGHT
 EARLY APPROACHES TO
MANAGEMENT
• The Industrial Revolution, which began in Europe in the mid-1700s,
was the starting point for the development of management
concepts and theories.
Classical Approach
• Classical management can be divided into three separate schools:-
• Scientific management – F.W. Taylor
• Administrative theory – Henry Fayol
• Bureaucratic management – Max Weber

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 OVERVIEW OF CLASSICAL THEORIES

Approach Rationale Focus

Scientific management One best way to do each Job level
job
Administrative principles One best way to put an Organizational level
organization together
Bureaucratic organization Rational and impersonal Organizational level
organizational
arrangements

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
F.W Taylor’s contribution (1856- • Scientific management focus
1915) on workers and machine
relationship.
• An Engineer, Midvale Steel Co.
• Organizational productivity
• Soldiering (serve as a soldier) can be increased by
increasing the efficiency of
• To counter the soldiering production processes.
problem Taylor developed the
• It is an approach that
science of Management. emphasizes the scientific study
of work methods to improve
• F.W. Taylor was known as the the efficiency of workers.
‘father of scientific
management.’ • It became popular in 1900s.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Steps Description
Steps- 1 Develop a science for each element of the job
Steps- 2 Scientifically select employees and then train them
Steps- 3 Supervise the employees
Steps- 4 Continue to plan but get the work done by the workers

The two major managerial practices that emerged from Taylor’s approach
• Piece-rate incentive system
• Time-and-motion study

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Principles of Scientific Management
 Replacing rules of thumb with science (organized knowledge).
 Obtaining harmony in group action, rather than discord.
 Achieving cooperation of human beings, rather that chaotic
individualism.
 Working for maximum output, rather than restricted output.
 Developingall workers to the fullest extent possible for their own and
their company‘s highest prosperity.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Elements of the Scientific Management
• Separation of planning from actual doing of work
• Functional foremanship, based on specialization of functions
• Job analysis to find out the best way of doing the things
• Standardization of things shall be fixed in advance on the basis of Job analysis, etc
• Selection of workers on scientific basis and should be trained
• Financial incentives to workers to motivate them
• Apart from considering the Scientific and Technical aspects adequate
consideration should be given to economy and profits
• Suitable environment to create mutual co-operation between management and
workers

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

 LIMITATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT

Scientificmanagement focus on problems at

operational level.
People are motivated only by material gains.
It ignored human desire for job satisfaction.

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM

MAMUN MUZTABA, MC, BIM