Auxiliary Verbs

DO
We use the primary auxiliary ‘do’ for the present simple and past
simple. Generally we only use it in question and negative
sentence. For example we say
 “Do you say so?”
 “I do not say so.”
 “They do say so.”
In sentence 1, the verb do helps to form a question.
In sentence 2, the verb do helps to form a question.
In sentence 3, the verb do helps to emphasize the assertion.
 “They do their work well”
In this sentence the do expresses a meaning of its own, viz. to
act.
The verb do is also used as a substitute for other Verbs, except
be; as
 He works more than you do (work).
 I chose my wife as she did (chose) her wedding gown.
 Auxiliary Verbs
HAVE
 We use have to form the perfect tenses. But each perfect tenses have a
different use for example
 We use present perfect when we thinking about the time before and up
to now, we use the past perfect when we thinking about the t before
and up to a point in the past. We use future perfect when we are
thinking about the time before and up to a point in the future.
 I have a camera.
 I have to go.
In sentence 1, the verb have expresses a meaning if it own, namely that of
possession.
In sentence 2, the verb have us used with the infinitive to express necessity
or compulsion.
 Auxiliary Verbs
BE
Be auxiliary verbs has seven conjunction:
 Am, are, is, was, been, being, were.

That only conjunction used in an auxiliary capacity have been included the
primary ‘be’ take part in the formation of progressive verb phrases, as well
as the formation of passive verb phrases

As an Auxiliary verb_
 I am loved.
 He was loved.
 I am writing.
 He was writing.
In sentence 1 and 2, the verb be helps to form the passive voice. The
passive voice consist of the auxiliary be followed by the past participle.
In sentences 3 and 4, the verb be helps to form the continuous tenses.

The verb be is also used as a verb of incomplete predication; as,

 He is honest.
 He was absent.
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Modal verbs are a kind of auxiliary verbs. It is a small class of auxiliary verbs
that are used to express modality. Modal phrases are used to express the
same things as modals, but are a combination of auxiliary verbs and
preposition to facilitate the main verb, permission, possibility and ability.
When used with the main verb, modal verb do not end with St for third person
singular they have a different form of past tense.

Modal auxiliary verbs in English are:

 Shall
 Should
 Will
 Would
 May
 Might
 Can
 Could
 Must
 Ought
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
SHALL

Shall can be used for forming the future tense of another verb when
the subject is when the subject is wrong or we don't have a future
tense of it': own. “We shall see each other tomorrow.". "I shall call
from school.". "Some time verb shall expresses a meaning of its own,
namely that of determination when we form an interrogative
sentence shall is used to politely seek the listener or opinion about a
future decision, as in. “where shall we begin?"
Examples
 We shall offer the prayers.
 We shall not occupy on his property.
 Shall I boil the eggs?
 Shall we not spoil the grass?
 we shall not be pluck the flowers.
 Shall we not be catching the butterflies?
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
WILL

“Will” and negative firm “will not” or won’t is a modal auxiliary verb.
We can use “will” to talk about the future. Will is particularly versatile,
having several different meanings with first person, “will' is used for
willingness or determination. Will is also used to express the capacity
or capability. It is used to express persistence.
When the subject is placed after “if” and “will’ after the subject, it
indicate the subject's willingness.

Examples:
 I will take this duty
 I will come to your house.
 We will cross the river, however deep it may be.
 If she will marry, he will try to build a house.
 He will go to-morrow.
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
WOULD
Would is an auxiliary verb that has many uses, some of which even express the present
tense. We use would mainly to talk about past. And to express something that has not
happened at time we are talking about mean to show possible future event.
 “He left 50 second late, unaware that the delay would save his life.”
We use would foe other functions, such as to make polite request, to show repetitive past
action, to show wish and desire to show choice, to ask question.

Examples:
 She said that she would go to Karachi.
 I replied that I would play.
 If I should find your coat, I will be sure to call you.
 I would like to see this film.
 We would like to invite her to the party.
 You should brush your teeth after every meal.
 In London he met the woman that he would one day marry.
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
MAY
We use May to ask for permission or to give permission. May are
more polite that can or could when asking for permission.
We can use ‘may not' to refuse permission but it is formal. May are
used to speculate about past actions. We use May when we are
not sure about something in present or future.

Examples:
 May borrow the bus tomorrow?
 You may go now
 He may travel for free
 Your comment may have offended some people.
 You may not leave the room without permission.
 May I have some water please?
 You may open window if you become hot.
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
MIGHT

Might is a modal verb deal with situation that are speculative or did
not actually happen, might modal verb most commonly used. It is
often used in conditional. This can be used as a means of
highlighting two different possible outcomes or courses of action we
use might to suggest a possible action or situation to another
person. We use might most often to refer to weak possibilities.

Examples:
 Ali might be stuck in traffic.
 She might have ten cars.
 We still might make our flight if we leave right away!
 Might we go to the park this afternoon, father?
 Sure, you might be able to make money quickly like that, but
you're inevitably going to run into difficulties down the line?
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
CAN
“Can” is used to express possibility requests. It is used to express
someone able to do something. It is used to make a suggestion it is
used in auxiliary function to express permission politely. It is used in a
question to ask somebody to do something and request in an
informal way.

EXAMPLES:
 He can work this sum.
 I can swim can you?
 Can you open this box?
 Can I have the bill?
 You can’t have any dessert until you’ve finished your dinner.
 You can do whatever you want.
 I can lift this box.
 You can go now.
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
COULD
Could commonly use in conditional sentences as conditional form of ‘can'.
Could use as a modal auxiliary in verbal phrases with present or future time
reference, used to politely ask for permission to do something. It is also
used to suggest something. We often used could in a question to ask
somebody to do something.
Could is more formal and polite than can we use could to make general
statement about past.

Examples:
 Could you pass me the salt please?
 Why did you did you do that? You could have broken your leg.
 It could be very cold there in winter.
 Where are they? They could have got lost.
 Could I ask questions please?
 I could swim when I was 5 years old.
 Ali could go to jail for stealing the money
 Mary couldn't possible to go to jail for the crime.
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
SHOULD
Should is a modal auxiliary verb should express less possibility than
shall. Should is the only auxiliary verb that can be used after lest.
Used to express future condition. Used in polite or tentative
expression of opinion. Used to give advice or make
recommendation. Should can be used with pronouns of all the
three persons to talk about duty and obligation. Should is the past
tense of shall in indirect speech.

Examples:
 She should wash them, but there wasn't time.
 Should he buy car?
 Should wear my new dress?
 I should think they will be pleased.
 If I should die tomorrow, if you should be late.
 Watch and pray lest you should fall into temptation.
 I should be able to meet peter.
.
 Modal Auxiliary Verbs
OUGHT TO
Ought to is type of auxiliary modal verb used to express obligation
and duty through advices the use of ought to is similar to should, but
it is much less frequent. Ought to is rarely used in questions and
negatives. When it is, it is confined mainly to formal styles. Ought is
different from other auxiliary verbs. Ought to expresses ideas such
as duty, necessity. It is not as forceful as must, but it is stronger than
should. Ought generally points to present and future time. It can
point to past time. When it is followed by the perfect infinitive.

Examples:
 You ought to be punctual.
 You ought to try it sometime.
 We ought to eat lots of fruit and vegetables every day.
 They ought to have more parks in the city center.
 We ought to leave now.
 I ought not to have said those things to her.
Auxiliary Verbs
DO HAVE BE
GRAMMARVOCAB

Modal Auxiliary Verbs

SHALL SHOULD WILL WOULD MAY

OUGHT
CAN COUND MUST MIGHT
TO