FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT
I have completed the Internship Program as per details below:
Course Title : Networking
Location (Institute, City, Country) : VinaREN , City, Hanoi
Commencement Date & Duration : 1st July, 2012
Completion Date : 31st July, 2012
The courses/subjects covered during this Internships Program are:
1. OSI - TCP/IP - Application Layer Services
a. Introduction
b. The Application layer
c. The Presentation Layer
d. Network-Aware Applications
e. Application layer Services
f. The Client/Server model
g. Servers
h. Application Layer Services and Protocols
i. The Peer-to-Peer Model
j. Peer-to-Peer Networks
k. Peer-to-Peer Applications
l. DNS Services and Protocol
m. DNS
n. Some of these record types
o. WWW Service and HTTP
p. Email Services and SMTP/POP Protocols
q. E-mail Server Processes - MTA and MDA
r. FTP
s. DHCP
t. Telnet Services and Protocol
2. Basic Router Configuration
a. Router Configuration
b. Router modes
c. Router name
d. Password on Router
e. Password Encryption
f. Interface names
g. Configuring Serial Interfaces
h. Configuring Fastethernet Interfaces
i. Basic command
j. Configuring Global Parameters
k. Configuring WAN interface
l. Configuring a Loopback Interface
m. Configuring Command-Line Access to the Router
n. Saving Configurations
o. Erasing Configurations
p. Basic Show Command
q. Configuration Example
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r. Cisco Routers Boot Process
s. The Cisco router boot up process has three stages
t. Perform Power-on self test (POST) and load the bootstrap program
u. Locate and load the Cisco IOS software
v. Locate and execute the startup configuration file or enter setup mode
w. Startup Configuration File
x. Running Configuration File
3. Password Recover of Cisco Router 2811
Recovery Password Cisco Router 2811
4. IP Addressing
Introduction
a. Classful IP addresssing
The High Order Bits
The IPv4 Classful Addressing Structure
Example of Classful Routing Updates
The Move Towards Classless Addressing
b. Classless IP addressing
CIDR and Route Summarization
Classless routing protocols include RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP
c. Route Summarization
Calculating Route Summarization
d. How to Subnet
e. VLSM
f. Basic VLSM Calculation and Addressing Design
g. Challenge VLSM Calculation and Addressing Design
5. Static Routing
a. Static Routing
o Role of the Router
o Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route
o Static routes
o The ip route command
o Installing a Static Route in the Routing Table
o Verifying the Static Route
o Configuring Routes to Two More Remote Networks
o Verify Static Route Configuration in the figure
b. Routing Table Principles
I. Principle 1: "Every router makes its decision alone, based on the information it has in
its own routing table."
II. Principle 2: "The fact that one router has certain information in its routing table does not
mean that other routers have the same information.”
III. Principle 3: "Routing information about a path from one network to another does not
provide routing information about the reverse, or return path."
c. Applying the Principles
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Would packets from PC1 reach their destination?
Does this mean that any packets from these networks destined for 172.16.3.0/24 network
will reach their destination?
d. Recursive Route Lookup
e. Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface
f. Static Route and an Exit Interface
g. Static routes and point-to-point networks
h. Modifying Static Routes
i. Verifying the Static Route Configuration
j. Verifying Static Route Changes
k. Show ip route in the figure
l. Ping in the figure
Static Routes with Ethernet Interfaces
Ethernet Interfaces and ARP
Sending an ARP Request
Static routes and Ethernet exit interfaces
Advantages of using an exit interface with static routes
Summarizing Routes to Reduce the Size of the Routing Table
m. Route Summarization
Calculating a summary route
Configuring a Summary Route
Effect of Summary Route in the figure
Verify Summary Route in the figure
Default Static Route
Configuring a Default Static Route
Verifying a Default Static Route
6. OSPF_- Open shortest path first
OSPF Part I
a. Introduction
b. OSPF Packet
c. Hello Protocol
d. Neighbor Establishment
e. OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals
f. Electing a DR and BDR
g. Lab Topology
h. The Router OSPF Command
i. The Network Command
j. OSPF Router ID
k. Verifying Router ID
l. Loopback Address
m. The OSPF router-id command
n. Modifying the Router ID
o. Duplicate Router IDs
p. Verifying OSPF
OSPF – Part II
a. OSPF Data Structures
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b. OSPF Adjacency Database
c. OSPF Area Structure
d. OSPF Router Types
e. OSPF Terminology
f. Calculating the OSPF Metric
g. Link-State Data Structures
h. OSPF Network Types
i. Adjacency Behavior for a Point-to-Point Link
j. Adjacency Behavior for a Broadcast Link
k. Selecting the DR and BDR
l. Adjacency Behavior for a NBMA Network
m. DR Election in NBMA Topology
n. OSPF Over Frame Relay
o. OSPF over NBMA Topology Modes
p. Configuring the OSPF Network Type
q. Configuring OSPF over Frame Relay
r. Using the neighbor Command
s. The show ip ospf neighbor Command
t. Point-to-Multipoint Configuration
u. Point-to-Multipoint Nonbroadcast Configuration
v. Configuring a Point-to-Point Subinterface
w. Configuring a Multipoint Subinterface
OSPF – Part III
a. Multiarea OSPF Operation
b. Large OSPF Network Issues
c. OSPF LSA Types
i. Type 1
ii. Type 2
iii. Type 3
iv. Type 4
v. Type 5
vi. Type 6
vii. Type 7
viii. Type 8
ix. Types 9, 10, and 11
d. Interpreting the OSPF LSDB and Routing Table
e. Interpreting the Routing Table
f. Calculating Costs for E1 and E2 Routes
g. Configuring OSPF LSDB Overload Protection
h. Changing the Cost Metric
i. Stub, Totally Stubby, and Not-So-Stubby Areas
i. Configuring OSPF Area Types
ii. Using Stub and Totally Stubby Areas
iii. Configuring Stub Area
iv. OSPF Stub Area Configuration Example
v. Configuring Totally Stub Areas
vi. Totally Stubby Area Configuration Example
vii. Interpreting Routing Tables
viii. Configuring Not-So-Stubby Areas
ix. Configuring Not-So-Stubby Area Example
x. Configuring an NSSA Totally Stubby Area Example
xi. Verifying All Stub Area Types
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j. Virtual Link
i. OSPF Virtual Links
ii. Configuring Virtual Links
iii. Virtual Link Configuration Example
iv. Verifying a Virtual Link Configuration
OSPF – Part IV
a. Route Summarization
ABR and ASBR Implementation
OSPF Route Summarization Example
Configuring OSPF Route Summarization
Configuring Route Summarization at ABR
Configuring Route Summarization at ASBR
Benefits of a Default Route in OSPF
Configuring a Default Route in OSPF
Example of Configuring a Default Route in OSPF
b. OSPF Authentication
OSPF Authentication Methods
Configuring Simple Password Authentication
Example of Configuring Simple Password Authentication
Configuring MD5 Authentication
Example of Configuring MD5 Authentication
Troubleshooting Simple Password Authentication
7. BGP – Border Gateway Protocol
BGP – Part I
a. BGP Concepts and Terminology
Overview
Using BGP in the Enterprise Network
BGP Multihoming Options
Option 1: Default Routes from All Providers
Option 2: Default Routes and Partial Updates
Option 3: Full Routes from All Providers
BGP Routing Between Autonomous Systems
BGP Routing Policies
Features of BGP
b. EBGP and IBGP
BGP Neighbor Relationships
Establishing a Connection Between External BGP Neighbors
Establishing a Connection Between Internal BGP Neighbors
Synchronization Within an Autonomous System
IBGP in a Nontransit Autonomous System
Routing Issues in a Transit Autonomous System
c. Configuring BGP
Basic BGP Configuration
Activate a BGP Session
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Shutting Down a BGP Neighbor
BGP Configuration Considerations
IBGP Peering Issue
BGP neighbor update-source Command
EBGP Peering Issue
Next Hop Behavior
BGP neighbor next-hop-self Command
Injection Routing Information into BGP
BGP network Command Example
BGP Synchronization
BGP Synchronization Example
BGP Configuration Example
BGP – Part 2
a. Advanced BGP Configuration and Verification
BGP Neighbor States
BGP Established and Idle States
BGP Active State Troubleshooting
Configuring a Peer Group
Configuring a Peer Group Example
BGP Peering
Configuring BGP Authentication
Troubleshooting BGP
Clearing the BGP Session
Hard Reset of BGP Sessions
Soft Reset of BGP Sessions
The debug ip bgp Command
b. Selecting a BGP Path
Characteristics of BGP Attributes
BGP Attributes
AS Path Attribute
Next-Hop Attribute
Origin Attribute
Local Preference Attribute
MED Attribute
Weight Attribute
Determining the BGP Path Selection
Selecting a BGP Path
Path Selection with Multihomed Connection
c. Manipulating BGP Path Selection with Route Maps
Setting Local Preference with Route Maps
Setting Local Preference with Route Maps Example
Changing the BGP Local Preference for All Routes
BGP Local Preference Example
BGP Local Preference Example (continued)
BGP Local Preference Example (continued)
Setting the MED with Route Maps
BGP Using Route Maps and the MED Example
BGP Using Route Maps and the MED Example (continued)
BGP Using Route Maps and the MED Example (continued)
Implementing BGP in the Enterprise
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8. Labs on BGP:
1. Configuring BGP with Default Routing
2. Using the AS_PATH Attribute
3. Configuring IBGP and EBGP Sessions, Local Preference and MED
4. BGP Route Reflectors and Route Filters and some more labs.
9. Other Activities.
a. Visited Do San beach with the staff of VinaREN.
Acknowledgement
I would like to sincerely acknowledge Royal University of Bhutan and Asian Institute of Technology for granting
me to attend TEIN3 HRD Internship Program opportunity for this very particular and important Internship Program
which will definitely enhance my working proficiency and skills as a whole.
My sincere gratitude also goes to Mr. Duy nm VinaREN our resource person for his valuable teaching.
Submitted by
Sonam Dolkar
Royal University of Bhutan
Samtse College of Education
Samtse.
