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1.16 Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) : Notes

The document discusses the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) which states that for a continuous function on a closed interval, if the function takes on values between two numbers on that interval, it must take on all values in between. It provides examples of applying the IVT to determine the minimum number of zeros a continuous function must have on an interval based on its known values at the endpoints. It also discusses using the IVT to determine if a function could or must take on a given value within an interval.

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Azra Ozen
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121 views3 pages

1.16 Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) : Notes

The document discusses the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) which states that for a continuous function on a closed interval, if the function takes on values between two numbers on that interval, it must take on all values in between. It provides examples of applying the IVT to determine the minimum number of zeros a continuous function must have on an interval based on its known values at the endpoints. It also discusses using the IVT to determine if a function could or must take on a given value within an interval.

Uploaded by

Azra Ozen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus 1.

16 Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) Notes


Write your questions
and thoughts here!

Intermediate Value Theorem (for continuous functions) - IVT

Below is a table of values for a continuous function 𝑓.


𝑥 0 3 4 8 9
𝑓(𝑥) 1 −5 3 7 −1

1. On the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 9 what is the minimum number of zeros?

2. On the interval 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 9, what is the fewest possible times 𝑓(𝑥) = 1?

3. On the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4, must there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 2? Explain.

Yes, on the interval 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 because of the IVT.

4. On the interval 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8, could there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = −2? Explain.

Yes. 𝑓(𝑥) may not equal −2, but it is possible.

1.16 Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT)


Calculus
Practice
Below is a table of values for a continuous function 𝑓.
𝑥 −5 1 3 8 14
𝑓(𝑥) 7 40 21 75 −100

1. On the interval −5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3, must there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 30? Explain.

2. On the interval 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8, could there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 100? Explain.

3. On the interval −5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 14 what is the minimum number of zeros?


4. For 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 14, what is the fewest possible number of times 𝑓(𝑥) = 20?

5. For 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 8, what is the fewest possible number of times 𝑓(𝑥) = 7?

Below is a table of values for a continuous function ℎ.


𝑥 −7 −2 1 4 11
ℎ(𝑥) 2 −5 6 −1 10

6. For −7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, what is the fewest possible number of times 𝑓(𝑥) = 3?

7. On the interval 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 11, must there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = −2? Explain.

8. For −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4, what is the fewest possible number of times 𝑓(𝑥) = 2?

9. On the interval 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 11, could there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = −2? Explain.

10. On the interval −7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 11 what is the minimum number of zeros?

Below is a table of values for a continuous function 𝑓.


𝑥 3 4 5 6 7
𝑓(𝑥) 4 1 −3 −1 6

11. On the interval 5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7, must there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 5? Explain.

12. For 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5, what is the fewest possible number of times 𝑓(𝑥) = −1?

13. On the interval 5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7, could there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 7? Explain.

14. For 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7, what is the fewest possible number of times 𝑓(𝑥) = 8?

15. What is the minimum number of zeros 𝑓 must have on the interval 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7?
Below is a table of values for a continuous function 𝑔.
𝑥 0 2 15 32 50
𝑔(𝑥) −1 10 17 −10 8

16. On the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 15, must there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑔(𝑥) = −3? Explain.

17. On the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50, must there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑔(𝑥) = 11? Explain.

18. On the interval 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 32, could there be a value of 𝑥 for which 𝑔(𝑥) = 5? Explain.

19. What is the minimum number of zeros 𝑔 must have on the interval 15 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50?

20. What is the minimum number of zeros 𝑔 must have on the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50?

21. For 15 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 50, what is the fewest possible number of times 𝑔(𝑥) = 1?

1.16 Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT) Test Prep


22. Let 𝑓 be a continuous function such that 𝑓(1) = 7 and 𝑓(7) = 1. Let 𝑔 be the function given by
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑥. Explain why there must be a value 𝑐 for 1 < 𝑐 < 7 such that 𝑔(𝑐) = 0.

23. The function 𝑓 is continuous on the closed interval [1, 3] and has values that are given in the table
below.

𝑥 1 2 3
𝑓(𝑥) 2 𝑘 3

The equation 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 must have at least two intersections with 𝑓 in the interval [1, 3] if 𝑘 =

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

24. Suppose 𝑓 is continuous on the closed interval [0,4] and suppose 𝑓(0) = 1, 𝑓(1) = 2, 𝑓(2) = 0,
𝑓(3) = −3, 𝑓(4) = 3. Which of the following statements about the zeros of 𝑓 on [0,4] is always
true?

(A) 𝑓 has exactly one zero on (B) 𝑓 has more than one zero (C) 𝑓 has more than two zeros
[0, 4]. on [0, 4]. on [0, 4].

(D) 𝑓 has exactly two zeros on (E) None of the statements


[0, 4]. above is true.

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