1A W h at m o tivates you?

1 READ IN G b Read the text again and choose a, b, c, or d.

1 Arno’s first business venture closed down because
a Read the text quickly and check (/ ) the sentence that
a his friends couldn’t afford his products.
best describes the reasons for Arno’s success.
b the teachers found out about it.
1 He had a background in Internet marketing
c the parents didn’t approve o f it.
and a good education.
d the candies had passed their expiration date.
2 He was lucky with money and followed his
instincts to invest it wisely. 2 Arno went to Italy for a year
3 He received emotional and financial support a to fulfill the requirements o f his degree,
from his friends and family. b to set up a translation company,
c to learn how to be a teacher,
d to take courses at an Italian university.

3 Arno made a lot of money during his year abroad

Christian a by translating financial documents.
b by investing in the stock market,
Arno: c by working as a language assistant,
d by designing websites for a fee.
the story of
his success
It was at the tender age of seven that for a 20% stake in the business and went on to launch
Christian Arno, British entrepreneur Lingo24.com from his own bedroom.
and founder of the online translation The business was not an instant success, due to Arno's
service Lingo24.com, put his first plan for making inexperience in Internet marketing. However, he worked
money into practice. His scheme was to buy penny hard and learned fast, earning himself a reputation for
candies and resell them to his classmates for two cents a speed and accuracy. After 18 months he had enough
piece. However, the venture came to an abrupt end when business to set up an office in New Zealand so that
one of the mothers found out about it and deemed it he could offer clients 24-hour service. Soon after
"inappropriate." Arno had to shut down immediately. that Arno had another stroke of luck. One of his larger
His next opportunity came during the year he clients started spending hundreds of thousands of
spent abroad as part of his French and Italian course dollars on translations, so he was able to invest in more
at Oxford University. Despite lasting only two weeks as sophisticated technology. This brought in even more
a language assistant in Pavia, northern Italy, Arno was business and led to him opening yet more offices in
allowed to stay with full room and board. This meant China, Romania, and Panama.
he had a lot of free time on his hands, so he set up Lingo24.com now translates into and out of more than
a website offering translation services with his friend, 100 languages, and turnover this year is expected to reach
Jos Shepherd. Although they didn't make much money, $7 million. It has 200 full-time employees and more than
the business gave them both an insight into working 4,000 freelance translators. The company nowadays is a
online. That same year, Arno became financially more far cry from the rudimentary website Arno and Shepherd
solvent when he sold some shares he had purchased created in Italy, but that experience was invaluable in
for a huge profit of $23,000. showing them the potential of their idea.
Back in the UK, Arno finished his degree and decided Arno's advice for others is: "Seek out people you
to give his online translation idea another shot. respect, who have done it before and have experience and
He asked Shepherd to design a new website in return give you advice - but go with your instincts."
 4 Arno launched Lingo24.com 4 The leader was so far ahead that the other runners could
a while he was still in Italy, atch
note_________ up with her.
b before he left college. 5 His advisers told him to sell the shares, but he’s sticking
c from an office in Oxford, uns
to his g_________ and keeping them.
d after he graduated. usiness and stop
6 Why don’t you mind your own b_________
asking me about my private life?
5 At first Lingo24.com struggled to survive because Arno
eeth
7 Despite the rain, the climbers gritted their t_________
a didn’t invest enough money in new technology.
and got to the top o f the mountain.
b didn’t offer clients 24-hour service, ind
8 My sister knows her own m_________ so she’s studying
c didn’t know how to attract clients online, art instead o f following my father into the business.
d didn’t speak any foreign languages.

6 The website Arno and Shepherd created in Italy

a introduced them to a number o f translators,
3 GRAM M AR discourse markers (1):
b proved to them what they could achieve. connectors
c was far too basic to be useful in any way.
a Cross out the connector that is N O T possible in
d cost a lot o f money to set up.
the sentences.
1 In spite o f /Even though /Despite being the better
c Look at the highlighted words and phrases. W hat do
player, Richard lost the match.
you think they mean? Check your dictionary, then use
them to complete the sentences. 2 Laila’s mother-in-law was a very difficult woman.
1 When Dave got lost in the jungle, he built a rudimentary However /Nevertheless /Consequently Laila
shack to spend the night in. couldn’t help liking her.
2 They set up the venture together and they each have a 3 We left at dawn because o f /in order to /so as to
stake in the business.
50% ___________ avoid the rush hour traffic.
3 My work experience at a newspaper gave me an 4 Sales figures have fallen drastically due to /because /
insight into the world o f media.
invaluable___________ owing to the recession.
scheme to
4 The council has introduced a new___________
5 The workers covered the furniture with sheets so as
encourage citizens to recycle.
launch a new electric car
5 The company is going to ___________
not to /not to /in order not to splash it with paint.
in the spring. 6 After his accident my brother sold his car as /since /
6 The bank refused to lend us any more money until we because o f he couldn’t afford the insurance.
solvent .
could prove that we were___________ 7 We take full responsibility for the error and
reputation as a first-class chef within
7 He gained a ___________ nevertheless /consequently /therefore wish to
months o f starting his first job. offer vou a full refund.
venture failed, she
J

8 When Patricia’s first business___________

8 I agreed to help at the store although /in case /even
lost a lot o f money.
though I didn’t feel like it.
turnover is more than
9 The company’s annual___________
50 million dollars. b Rewrite the sentences using the connectors in
parentheses and making any necessary changes.

2 L E X IS IN C O N T E X T I didn’t get where I 1 She wrote down the appointment so that she wouldn’t
forget the time, (so as not to)
am today without...
She wrote down the appointment so as not to forget the
Try to complete these expressions without looking back time_____________________________________________ .
at the text on Student Book p. 4.
2 The cruise is being cancelled because the weather is
1 I don't care who’s at the meeting - I’m going to sp e a k
going to be bad. (due to)
my mind about the new proposals.
due to bad weather
The cruise is being cancelled________________________
illed
2 I missed the meeting, but a coworker f ________ me in
on what was said.
rossed his mind that he might get fired
3 It never cr_________ 3 The highway is closed until further notice due to
for what he did. construction, (as a result)
The highway is under construction.__________________
As a result, it will be closed until further notice.

5
 4 There are leaves on the track, so train service to Boston b Match the sentence halves.
has been temporarily suspended, (because of) 1 The manager says we’ll be getting
has been temporarily
Train service to Boston_____________________________ 2 The best thing about my job is that I have i
suspended because of leaves on the track . 3 Grace hopes to do f
5 He decided to apply for the job although he didn’t meet 4 How long have you been g
all the requirements, (despite) 5 The manager was e
despite not meeting
He decided to apply for the jo b ______________________ 6 They said they’re going to h
all the requirements. 7 As an army doctor, Alex has to deal b
6 They had an early night in order to be ready for the race 8 The HR manager is responsible c
9 Ask Harry for pens and paper. He’s in charge a
the next day. (so that)
so that they would be ready
They had an early night____________________________ a o f office supplies,
for the race the next day . b with some very serious injuries,
7 You are being sent a reminder since we have not c for training in my company,
received payment for your last bill, (consequently) d a raise in January,
for your lase bill.
We have not received payment.______________________ e fired for falsifying the books
Consequently we are sending you a reminder f some volunteer work before she settles down,
g out o f work? It’s about time you got a job!
8 The customer made an official complaint because the
h lay off half o f the workforce in the spring,
waiter had been rude, (due to)
i plenty o f opportunities to travel.
due to the waiter
The customer made an official complaint____________
being rude.
5 PRO N UNCIATIO N word stress
4 V O C A B U LA R Y work a Circle the word with different stress.
1 manager (employee) salary
a Circle the correct word.
2 career unpaid training
1 My coworker has been promoted to the career /
3 promote wages business
profession /(positiomof purchasing manager.
4 tedious profession rewarding
2 Ben decided to pursue a career /job /profession in 5 demanding employer turnover
banking instead o f becoming a doctor. 6 motivating monotonous responsible
3 She only works part time so she gets her salary /
wages / bonus weekly.
b Listen and check. Then listen again and
repeat the words.
4 We get a bonus / benefit / salary for every five new
customers that sign up.
5 I’m in a difficult situation in the company because my 6 LISTEN IN G
employer /employee /staff is a member o f my wife’s a Listen to a man talking about a kind o f job
family, and people think that’s why I got the job. he would love to do and one he would hate. W hat
6 We receive a lot o f skills /qualifications /training at are the jobs? love : a travel writer
this company - we can take several courses each year. hate: a worker on a factory production line
b Listen again and answer the questions.
7 Jack works such long schedule /hours /day that he
1 Why does the man think he would be good at the
hardly ever sees his children.
first job?
8 I’m really jealous o f my sister because she gets so many
2 What does he think might be the downside?
wages /bonus /perks at her job, like a company car
3 Why does he think he would hate the second job?
and a clothes allowance.
4 Has he done this kind o f work? Why didn’t he like it?
9 My boyfriend’s job is very rewarding /demanding /
5 What was the one positive aspect o f the job?
tedious, so he’s taking a course in stress management.
c Listen again with the audioscript on p. 69 and try to
10 The work on a factory production line is often very
guess the meaning o f any words that you don’t know.
challenging / motivating / m onotonous - you do the
Then check your dictionary.
same thing all day.

1. He's sociable, he can write, he is good at living out of a suiLcase and living cheaply.
2. If you are sent somewhere and nothing much happens you still have to write a book about it.
3. Because you don't have to use your mind and it's very repetitive.
4. Yes, he once worked in a plastic factory.
5. He could sing at the top of his voice and nobody could hear him.
6