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Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This document provides conversion factors for quantities commonly used in structural concrete design such as length, area, volume, mass, force, pressure, temperature, inertia, energy, speed, acceleration, density, and steel bar designation. It includes conversion factors between imperial and metric units as well as derived SI units related to structural design. Approximate conversions are also provided for concrete compressive strength values between psi and MPa units.

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Aravindhan Murugesan
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352 views2 pages

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This document provides conversion factors for quantities commonly used in structural concrete design such as length, area, volume, mass, force, pressure, temperature, inertia, energy, speed, acceleration, density, and steel bar designation. It includes conversion factors between imperial and metric units as well as derived SI units related to structural design. Approximate conversions are also provided for concrete compressive strength values between psi and MPa units.

Uploaded by

Aravindhan Murugesan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONVERSION FACTORS

Some conversion factors useful in structural concrete design, Quantity To Convert To Multiply By
especially when the designer is using the ACI codes (metric MPa ksi 0.145
version of ACI 318M-2011 is available), are provided in this
MPa psi 145.0
appendix.
Moments in-lb Nm 0.1130

Quantity To Convert To Multiply By kip-in kNm 0.1130


Length inch (in) mm 25.4 kip-ft kNm 1.3558
foot (ft) m 0.3048 kNm ft-kip 0.7376
m ft 3.2808 Uniform kip/ft kN/m 14.59
mile (mi) km 1.609 loading
kip/in kN/m 175.2
Area in2 mm2 645.16 kN/m kip/ft 0.06852
ft2 m2 0.0929 Speed mi/h m/s 4.470
m2 ft2 10.764 Acceleration ft/s2 m/s2 0.3048
Volume in3 mm3 16,387
Density lb/in3 kg/m3 27,680
ft3 m3 0.02832
lb/ft3 kg/m3 16.02
m3 ft3 35.315
Temperature degree Fahrenheit degree (Fo − 32)/1.8 ≈
gallon litre 3.7853 (oF) Celsius (oC) (Fo − 30)/2
litre gallon 0.2642 Inertia in4 mm4 416,231
Mass per lb/ft3 kg/m3 16.0185 Energy ft-lb Joule (Nm/9.81) 1.356
unit volume
kg/m3 lb/ft3 0.062428 Note: 1 Pa = 1 N/m2, 1 MPa = 106 Pa
= 1 N/mm2, g = 32.17 ft/s2 = 9.807 m/s2,
Force Kilo pound (kip) kN 4.448 1 erg = 10−7 J, 1 Hz (Hertz) = 1 cycles, oK (Kelvin) = oC + 273

lb N 4.448
Basic SI units relating to structural design
ton (2000 lb) kN 8.896
Quantity Unit Symbol
N lb 0.2248
Length metre m
kN kip 0.2248
Mass kilogram kg
Pressure, psi MPa 0.006895
Time second s
stress
ksi MPa 6.895
kN/m2 kip/ft2 0.02089 The SI unit of force is Newton (N), which is the force that
causes a mass of 1 kg to have an acceleration of 1 m/s2. The
psf N/m2 47.88
acceleration due to gravity is 9.807 m/s2 approximately, and
N/m2 psf 0.02088 hence the weight of a mass of 1 kg is 9.807 N.
Appendix E: Conversion Factors 851

Derived SI units relating to structural design fc (psi) fc (MPa) fck (MPa)*
Quantity Unit Symbol Formula Using Formula Approximate
Force Newton N kg.m/s2 6000 40 48.8 50.00
Pressure, stress Pascal Pa N/m2 7000 48 57.4 60.00

Energy or work Joule J Nm 8000 55 64.9 68.75


9000 62 72.2 77.5
The common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal *Cube strength, fck = fc′/[0.76 + 0.2 log( fc′/20)]; Approximate value of cube
(1 hPa ≡ 100 Pa), kilopascal (1 kPa ≡ 1000 Pa), megapascal (1 MPa strength = fc′/0.8
≡ 1,000,000 Pa), and gigapascal (1 GPa ≡ 1,000,000,000 Pa).
Steel bar designation
Grade of steel
Fps (Bar No.)* Diameter, in Diameter, mm
Fps (ksi) SI (N/mm2)
3 0.375 10
Grade 40 Fe 275
4 0.500 13
Grade 50 Fe 345
Grade 60 Fe 415 5 0.625 16

Grade 75 Fe 520 6 0.750 19

Grade 80 Fe 550 7 0.875 22

Grade 100 (MMFX) Fe 690 8 1.000 25


9 1.128 29
Concrete designation 10 1.270 32
fc (psi) fc (MPa) fck (MPa)*
11 1.410 36
Using Formula Approximate
14 1.693 43
3000 20 26.3 25.00
18 2.257 57
4000 27.5 34.9 34.38
*Barnumber denotes approximately one-eighth of an inch. Thus, bar no. 3
5000 35 43.3 43.75
denotes a bar having an approximate diameter of 3/8 inch.

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