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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

PHYSICAL SCIENCES P1 (PHYSICS)

PREPARATORY EXAMINATIONS

MARKING GUIDELINE

SEPTEMBER 2021

MARKS : 150

TIME: 3 hours

This marking guideline consists of 15 pages.

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QUESTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.1 A (2)

1.2 D (2)

1.3 C (2)

1.4 D (2)

1.5 D (2)

1.6 B (2)

1.7 B (2)

1.8 A (2)

1.9 A (2)

1.10 C (2)

[20]

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QUESTION 2

2.1 When a resultant/net force acts on an object, the object will accelerate
in the direction of the force at an acceleration directly proportional to
the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
OR
The resultant/net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of
change of momentum of the object (in the direction of the net
force)(2 or 0). (2)

2.2
ACCEPT

Accept the following symbols

F FA/Fapp/FApplied
N FN/Normal/Normal force
fk Kinetic friction force/f/Ff/fr
T Tension force/FT
Fg W/58,8N

Notes
• Mark is awarded for label and arrow.
• Do not penalise for length of arrows.
• Deduct 1 mark for any additional force.
• If force(s) do not make contact with body/dot : Max:4/5
• If arrows missing but labels are there: Max:4/5

(5)

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2.3 For the 4 kg crate

Fnet = ma
T – f – Fg// = ma
T – 1 – (9,8)(4)sin30o = 4(2,5)
T = 30,6 N upwards

For the 6 kg crate
 Any of the two
Fnet = ma
F – f – T – Fg// = ma
F–1,5– 30,6 – (9,8)(6)sin 30o = 6(2,5)
F = 76,5 N 
(5)

2.4.1 INCREASES (1)

2.4.2 The 4 kg block will move upwards/forward (for a brief moment), stop
and then slide down the plane / backward. (3)
[16]

QUESTION 3
3.1.1 Zero (1)

3.1.2 9,8 m.s-2 downwards  (2)

3.2.1 OPTION 1
UPWARD POSITIVE UPWARD NEGATIVE

Δy= viΔt + ½aΔt2 Δy= viΔt + ½aΔt2

Δy= (4,9)( 0,5) + ½(-9,8)(0,5)2 Δy= (-4,9)( 0,5) + ½(9,8)(0,5)2

Δy = 1,225 m Δy = -1,225 m
Height after 0,5 s = 80 + 1,225 Height after 0,5 s = 80 + 1,225
= 81,23 m
= 81,23 m
∴The ball is 81,23 m above the ∴The ball is 81,23m above the
ground ground

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OPTION 2
UPWARD POSITIVE UPWARD NEGATIVE

vf = vi + aΔt vf = vi + aΔt

vf = 4,9 + (–9,8) (0,5) vf = -4,9 + (9,8) (0,5)

vf = 0 m.s-1 vf = 0 m.s-1

vf2 = vi2 + 2aΔy vf2 = vi2 + 2aΔy

0 = 4,92 + 2(–9,8)Δy 0 = - 4,92 + 2(9,8)Δy

Δy = 1,225 m Δy = -1,225 m
Height after 0,5 s = 80 + 1,225 Height after 0,5 s = 80 + 1,225
= 81,23 m
= 81,23 m
∴The ball is 81,23 m above the ground ∴The ball is 81,23 m above the
ground
OPTION 3
UPWARD POSITIVE UPWARD NEGATIVE

vf = vi + aΔt vf = vi + aΔt

vf = 4,9 + (–9,8) (0,5) vf = 4,9 + (–9,8) (0,5)

vf = 0 m.s-1 vf = 0 m.s-1
v f + vi v f + vi
Δy = Δt  Δy = Δt 
2 2

0 + 4,9 0 - 4,9
[ Δy = 0,5 ] [ Δy = 0,5 ]
2 2

Δy = 1,225 m Δy = -1,225 m
Height after 0,5 s = 80 + 1,225 Height after 0,5 s = 80 + 1,225
= 81,23m = 81,23 m
∴The ball is 81,23 m above the ∴The ball is 81,23 m above the
ground ground

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OPTION 4

½mvi2 + mghi = ½mvf2 + mghf 

½m(4,9)2 + m(9,8)(80)  = ½m(0)2 + m(9,8)hf 

hf = 81,225 m 

OPTION 5

½mvi2 + mghi = ½mvf2 + mghf 

½m(4,9)2 + m(9,8)(0) = ½m(0)2 + m(9,8)hf 

h = 1,225 m

Height after 0,5 s = 80 + 1,225

= 81,23 m
∴The ball is 81,23 m above the ground
(4)

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3.2.2 OPTION 1
UPWARDS POSITIVE UPWARDS NEGATIVE

Δy= viΔt + ½aΔt2 Δy= viΔt + ½aΔt2

-80 = (4,9)Δt + ½(-9,8)Δt2 80 = (-4,9)Δt + ½(9,8)Δt2

Δt = 4,57 s Δt = 4,57 s

OPTION 2
UPWARDS POSITIVE UPWARDS AS NEGATIVE
vf2 = vi2 + 2a∆y vf2 = vi2 + 2a∆y
vf2 = (4,9)2 + 2(-9,8)(-80)  vf2 = (-4,9)2 + 2(9,8)(80) 

vf = -39,9 m.s-1 vf = 39,9 m.s-1

vf = vi + a∆t vf = vi + a∆t
-39,9 = 4,9 + (-9.8)∆t 39,9 = -4,9 + (9.8)∆t
∆t = 4,57 s ∆t = 4,57 s 

OPTION 3: POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 3.2.1

Considering ball from the maximum height
UPWARDS POSITIVE UPWARDS AS NEGATIVE

Δy= viΔt + ½aΔt2 Δy= viΔt + ½aΔt2

-81,23 = (0)Δt + ½(-9,8)Δt2 81,23 = (0)Δt + ½(9,8)Δt2

Δt = 4,07 s Δt = 4,07 s
Time to reach ground = 0,5 + 4,07 Time to reach ground = 0,5 + 4,07
= 4,57 s = 4,57 s

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3.3 POSITIVE MARKING FROM Q3.2.2

UPWARD POSITIVE

4,9

4,57
0
Velocity (m.s-1)

Time (s)

OR

UPWARD NEGATIVE
Velocity (m.s-1)

0
4,57
Time (s)

-4,9

CRITERIA FOR MARKING OF GRAPH

Correct shape 
Indication of initial velocity 
Indication of the time for the entire motion 
(3)
[14]

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QUESTION 4

4.1 The total linear momentum in an isolated system is conserved

(accept “closed” instead of “isolated”)
OR
In an isolated system, the total linear momentum before a collision is
equal to the total linear momentum after the collision. (2)

4.2 ptotal (before) = ptotal (after)

Σpi =Σpf 

m1vi1 + m2vi2 = (m1 + m2)v

1200 (25) + 1800 (0) = (1200 + 1800)v 
v = 10 m.s-1.
∴ Speed of the cars after is 10 m.s-1
(4)

4.3 ΣKf = ½ (m1 + m2)v2 ΣKi = ½ m1 vi12 + ½m2 vi22

= ½ (1200 + 1800) 10 2 = ½ (1200 )(25)2 + ½(1800)(0)2
= 150 000 J = 375 000 J
ΣKf ≠ ΣKi
∴Collision is Inelastic 
(5)
NOTE: If it is assumed that ΣKf = ΣKi at the outset, Max:2/5

4.4 POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 4.2

OPTION 1 OPTION 2
vf2 = vi2 + 2a∆y v f + vi
Δy = Δt 
2
02 = (10)2 + 2a(20)   0  10 
20    t 
 2 
a = - 2,5 m.s-2 Δt = 4 s
Fnet = ma vf = vi + aΔt
Ff = ma 0 = 10 + a(4)
Ff = 3000(-2,5)  a = - 2,5 m.s-2
Ff = -7500 N
∴ Magnitude of frictional force is 7500 N
(5)
[16]

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OPTION 3 OPTION 4
v f + vi Wnet = ΔEk
Δy = Δt  
2 f Δx cos θ = ½mvf2 - ½mvi2
 0  10  f (20) cos 180⁰  = ½(3000)(0)2 - ½(3000)(10)2
20    t  ∴ Δt = 4 s
 2  f = 7500 N 
p
Fnet = f =
t
m( v f v i )
f = 
t
( 0 10 )
3000

4
= -7500 N
∴ Magnitude of f is 7500 N
(4)
[16]
QUESTION 5

5.1.1 OPTION 1
W = FΔxcosθ
Wgravity = mgΔycosθ
= (1 300)(9,8)(60)cos180o
= - 764 400 J (-7,64 x105 J)

OPTION 2
W = - ΔEp
= -(1300)(9,8)(60 -0) 
= - 764 400 J (-7,64 x105 J)
-1 mark if either negative is omitted
(3)

5.1.2 Wcounterweight = mgΔycosθ

= (900)(9,8)(60)cos0o 
= 529 200 J (5,29 x 105 J)  (2)

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5.2 OPTION 1 OPTION 2

POSITIVE MARKING FROM 5.1.1 Fmotor = Tright - Tleft
AND 5.1.2 = 1300(9,8) - 900(9,8)
Wnet = ΔEK = 3920 N
Wgravity + Wcountweight + Wmotor = 0  Wmotor = Fmotor Δy cos0 
Wmotor = - (W gravity + W countweight) = (3920)(60) cos0 
= 235 200 J
-764 400 + 529 200 + Wmotor = 0
∴Wmotor = 235 200 J

W
Pave motor = 
Δt
235200
Pave motor = 
120
= 1960 W  (5)
[10]

QUESTION 6

6.1 The change in frequency (or pitch) of the sound detected by a listener
because the sound source and the listener have different velocities relative
to the medium of sound propagation.  (2)

6.2 d 45
v= v=  ∴vL = 15 m.s-1
Δt 3
v ± vL v vL
fL = fS fL  fs
v ± vS v
340 - 15 
fL = ( )755 
340 + 0
fL = 721,69 Hz (5)

6.3 Any two

 Ultrasound waves (to measure the heartbeat of a foetus in the womb).
 Doppler flowmeter (to measure the rate of blood flow)
 Traffic management systems, (especially speed control)
 Radar, (allowing for the tracking of weather systems)
 Astronomy, (where the application of the red-shift and blue-shift of
light from the stars has revolutionised our understanding of the
universe) (2)

6.4.1 The spectral lines (light) from the star are shifted towards longer
wavelengths.  (2)

6.4.2 Decrease (1)

[12]

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QUESTION 7

7.1.1 The magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted by one point charge (Q 1) on
another point charge (Q2) is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes
of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between
them (2)

NB DO NOT MARK QUESTION 7.1.2. MAX MARK FOR QUESTION 7 WILL BE 13.
CONVERT THIS MARK TO 21 USING THE CONVERSION TABLE PROVIDED
AT THE END OF THESE GUIDELINES
7.1.2 q1q
F=k 2
2
r
-6
1,5×10 - 6×1,8×10
FYZ = 9×109 ( )
(3 x10 - 2 )2

FYZ = 27 N downwards.

-6
2,1×10 - 6×1,8×10
FXZ = 9×109 ( )
2
(6x10 - 2 )
FAC = 9,45 N at 60o to the vertical
But FXZ has two perpendicular components i.e. FXZx and FXZy

FYZx = FYZSin60o Vector diagram

FYZx = 9,45Sin60o
FACx = 8,184 N to the left
FXZ
FYZy = FYZCos60o (FXZ)y
60o
FYZy = 9,45Cos60o
FACy = 4,725 N upwards
(FXZ)x
Fnet x = 8,814 N to the left

Fnet y = 27 – 4,725 = 22,275 N downwards FYZ

(Fnet)2 = (Fnet x)2 + (Fnet y)2

(Fnet)2 = (8,814)2 + (22,275)2

Fnet = (8,814 2 + 22,275 2 )

Fnet = 23,73 N (8)

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7.2.1 The electric field at a point is the (electrostatic) force experienced per
unit positive charge placed at that point.  (2)

7.2.2

A B

CRITERIA FOR MARKING THE ABOVE ELECTRIC FIELD PATTERN

Correct direction of field lines 
Shape of the electric field lines (At least 4 lines on each sphere) 
No field lines crossing each other/No field lines inside the spheres 
(3)

7.2.3 Q1+Q2
Q=
2

5 10  6 (-10 10  6 )

Q= 
2
= - 2,5 x 10-6 C (-2,5 μC)
Q
E=k 
r2

2,5×10 - 6
EAP = 9×109 ( )
0,045 2
EQP = 1,11x 107N.C-1 to the left

2,5×10-6
9
EBP = 9×10 ( )
0,015 2
EBP = 1,00x 108 N.C-1 to the left
Enet = EAP + EBP
Enet = 1,11 x 107 +1,00 x 108
Enet = 1,11 x 108 N.C-1 (6)
[21]

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QUESTION 8

8.1 (Maximum) energy provided (work done) by a battery per coulomb/unit

charge passing through it  (2)

8.2.1 OPTION 1 OPTION 2

P = I2R Ps = V3I
40 = 22R3 40 = V3(2)
V3= 20 V
R3 = 10 Ω v3 20
∴ R3= =  = 10 Ω
I 2
1 1 1 1 1 𝑅1 𝑅2
= + 𝑅𝑃 = ( + )−1 𝑅𝑃 =
𝑅𝑃 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
1 1 1 1 1 −1 (10)(10)
𝑅𝑃
=(
10
+
10
) 𝑅𝑃 = (10 + 10)  𝑅𝑃 = 
10+10

RP = 5 Ω RP = 5 Ω RP = 5 Ω

REXT = RP + Rs REXT = RP + Rs REXT = RP + Rs

REXT = 5 + 10 REXT = 5 + 10 REXT = 5 + 10
REXT = 15 Ω REXT = 15 Ω REXT = 15 Ω (5)

8.2.2 POSITIVE MARKING FROM QUESTION 8.2.1

Ɛ = I(R + r) 
Ɛ = 2(15 + 0,1) 
Ɛ = 30,2 V 
(3)

OPTION 1 OPTION 2 (Positive marking

from Q8.2.1)
8.2.3 W = P x t W = I2Rt
W = 40 x 20 x 60 W = (2)2(10)(20 x 60)
W = 48000 J W = 48000 J (3)
[13]

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QUESTION 9

9.1.1 AC (generator)  (1)

9.1.2 Slip rings (1)

9.1.3 (Faraday’s Law of) Electromagnetic induction (1)

9.2.1 The rms value of AC is the DC potential difference which dissipates the
(2)
same amount of energy as AC.  (2 OR 0)

9.2.2 OPTION 1 OPTION 2

V Max VMax
Imax  
VRMS =  R
2

311,13 311,13
VRMS =   
2 807

VRMS = 220,00 V = 0,3855 A

2
VRMS
Pave =
R
 Imax V max
Pave  
2
2 311,13  0,3855
Pave = 220  Pave = 
807 2
Pave = 59,98 W  Pave = 59,97 W  (5)
9.3.1
Voltage/V

OR

time/s

CRITERIA FOR MARKING THE ABOVE GRAPH

Correct shape 
At least one complete cycle 
(2)

9.3.2 (Commutator) allows the induced current to flow in the same direction /
in one direction in the external circuit (2)
[14]

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QUESTION 10

10.1 Threshold frequency, fo, is the minimum frequency of light needed to

emit electrons from a certain metal surface.  (2 or 0) (2)

10.2 Q = nqe
Q= 2,01 x 109 X 1,6 x 10-19
Q = 3,22 x 10-10 C

Q
I= 
Δt

3,22×10 -10
I= 
1

I = 3,22 x 10-10 A (4)

10.3 Decreases
When the intensity of the light is decreased, the number of photons
(2)
per second will decrease

10.4 E = W o + Kmax 
E = hfo + Kmax
2,12x10-18  =(6,63x10-34)(2,21x1015) + Kmax
Kmax = 6,55 x 10-19 J (4)

10.5 Decreases
-
More energy is used to release the electrons. 
OR
Work function is greater.  (2)
[14]

TOTAL: 150

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CONVERSION OF MARKS FOR QUESTION 7

MARK CONVERTED
OBTAINED MARK OUT
OUT OF 13 OF 21

0 0
1 2
2 3
3 5
4 6
5 8
6 10
7 11
8 13
9 15
10 16
11 18
12 19
13 21

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