ANDAR, SITTIE NORHANAN U.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR CE
OPEN METHOD
PROBLEM 6.2
Determine the highest real root of f(x) = 2x 3 - 11.7x2 +17.7x -5
a) GRAPHICALLY
b) FIXED-POINT METHOD
i xi xi+1 ɛa ɛt
0 3 3.180791 #REF! 15.8060%
1 3.180791 3.333959 4.5942% 10.7322%
2 3.333959 3.442543 3.1542% 6.4336%
3 3.442543 3.50633 1.8192% 3.3862%
c) NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
f(x) = 2x^3 - 11.7x^2 +17.7x -5
f'(x) = 6x^2 - 23.4x +17.7
i xi xi+1 ɛt
0 3 5.133333 15.8060%
1 5.133333 4.26975 44.0653%
2 4.26975 3.792934 19.8291%
3 3.792934 3.599819 6.4474%
d) SECANT METHOD
xi+1 = xi-(fxi)(xi-1-xi)/f(xi-1)-f(xi)
i xi-1 xi xi+1 f(xi) f(xi-1)
1 3 4 3.326531 6.6 -3.2
2 4 3.326531 3.481273 -1.968853 6.6
3 3.326531 3.481273 3.586275 -0.795915 -1.968853
PROBLEM 6.3
Use (a) fixed-point iterations and (b) theNewton-Raphson method to determine a root of f(x) = -x 2 +1.8x +2. using x
f(x) = -x2 +1.8x +2 Aproximate value of x = 2.7193
x = √(1.8x = 2.5)
a) FIXED-POINT METHOD
i xi xi+1 ɛa ɛt
1 5 3.391165 47.44% 83.87%
2 3.391165 2.933274 15.61% 24.71%
3 2.933274 2.789246 5.16% 7.87%
4 2.789246 2.742379 1.71% 2.57%
5 2.742379 2.726955 0.57% 0.85%
6 2.726955 2.721859 0.19% 0.28%
7 2.721859 2.720174 0.06% 0.09%
8 2.720174 2.719616 0.02% 0.03%
b) THE NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
f(x) = -x2 + 1.8x + 2.5
f'(x) = -2x + 1.8
xi+1 = xi -(f(xi)/f'(x))
i xi f(x) ɛa ɛt
1 5 9.45122 47.10% 83.87%
2 9.45122 15.81509 40.24% 247.56%
3 15.81509 25.23791 37.34% 481.59%
4 25.23791 39.30814 35.79% 828.10%
5 39.30814 60.37639 34.89% 1345.52%
t of f(x) = -x 2 +1.8x +2. using x0 = 5. Perform the computation unil ɛ a is less than ɛs = 0.05%. Also perform an error check of your final answ
error check of your final answer.
Problem 6.4
Determine the real roots of f (x) = −1 + 5.5x − 4x 2 + 0.5x3 :
a) GRAPHICALLY
Approx. Roots: 0.2, 1.5, 6
b) Using the Newton-Raphson method to within εs = 0.01%.
f (x) = −1 + 5.5x − 4x2 + 0.5x3
f' (x) = 5.5 - 8x + 1.5x2
xi+1 = xi - f(xi)/f'(xi)
For X = 0.2
i xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 0.2 0.213333 6.25%
2 0.213333 0.214271 0.44%
3 0.214271 0.214329 0.03%
4 0.214329 0.214333 0.00%
For X = 1.5
i xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 1.5 1.485294 0.99%
2 1.485294 1.48122 0.28%
3 1.48122 1.480146 0.07%
4 1.480146 1.479867 0.02%
5 1.479867 1.479795 0.00%
For X = 6
i xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 6 5.880597 2.03%
2 5.880597 5.718553 2.83%
3 5.718553 5.50221 3.93%
4 5.50221 5.219789 5.41%
5 5.219789 4.862183 7.35%
6 4.862183 4.427453 9.82%
7 4.427453 3.926382 12.76%
8 3.926382 3.386696 15.94%
9 3.386696 2.851995 18.75%
10 2.851995 2.372576 20.21%
11 2.372576 1.990633 19.19%
12 1.990633 1.727438 15.24%
13 1.727438 1.577677 9.49%
14 1.577677 1.511311 4.39%
15 1.511311 1.488628 1.52%
16 1.488628 1.482117 0.44%
17 1.482117 1.480381 0.12%
18 1.480381 1.479928 0.03%
19 1.479928 1.47981 0.01%
Problem 6.5
Employ the Newton-Raphson method to determine a real root for f (x) = −2 + 6x − 4x 2 + 0.5x3 using initial guesses of
and (b) 4.43. Discuss and use graphical and analytical methods to explain any percularities in your results.
f (x) = −2 + 6x − 4x2 + 0.5x3
f'(x) = 6 - 8x + 1.5x2
xi+1 = xi - f(xi)/f'(xi)
i xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 4.2 -4.849123 186.61%
2 -4.849123 -2.573919 88.39%
3 -2.573919 -1.137526 126.27%
4 -1.137526 -0.272738 317.08%
5 -0.272738 0.20283 234.47%
6 0.20283 0.415354 51.17%
7 0.415354 0.470574 11.73%
8 0.470574 0.474552 0.84%
9 0.474552 0.474572 0.00%
+ 0.5x3 using initial guesses of 4.2.
rities in your results.
Problem 6.6
6.6 Determine the lowest real root of f (x) = –12 − 21x + 18x 2 − 2.4x3
a) GRAPHICALLY
Approx. Roots: - 0.4, 2.0, 5.8
b) using the secant method to a value of εs corresponding to three significant figures.
f (x) = –12 − 21x + 18x2 − 2.4x3
Using Xi-1= -0.5 and Xi = -0.3
i xi-1 xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 -0.5 -0.3 -0.621607 51.7380%
2 -0.3 -0.621607 -0.214143 190.2765%
3 -0.621607 -0.214143 -0.67571 68.3084%
4 -0.214143 -0.67571 -0.239611 182.0029%
5 -0.67571 -0.239611 -0.53975 55.6071%
6 -0.239611 -0.53975 -0.338441 59.4811%
7 -0.53975 -0.338441 -0.463567 26.9919%
8 -0.338441 -0.463567 -0.385919 20.1204%
9 -0.463567 -0.385919 -0.433474 10.9708%
10 -0.385919 -0.433474 -0.404296 7.2169%
11 -0.433474 -0.404296 -0.422141 4.2272%
12 -0.404296 -0.422141 -0.411215 2.6570%
13 -0.422141 -0.411215 -0.417898 1.5992%
14 -0.411215 -0.417898 -0.413809 0.9883%
15 -0.417898 -0.413809 -0.416311 0.6010%
16 -0.413809 -0.416311 -0.41478 0.3691%
17 -0.416311 -0.41478 -0.415716 0.2253%
18 -0.41478 -0.415716 -0.415143 0.1380%
19 -0.415716 -0.415143 -0.415494 0.0844%
20 -0.415143 -0.415494 -0.415279 0.0517%
Problem 6.7
Locate the first positive root of f(x) = sin x + cos(1 + x2) − 1 where x is in radians. Use four iterations of the secant m
with initial guesses of (a) xi–1 = 1.0 and xi = 3.0; (b) xi–1 = 1.5 and xi = 2.5, and (c) xi–1 = 1.5 and xi = 2.25 to locate t
(d) Use the graphical method to explain your results.
a) xi–1 = 1.0 and xi = 3.0
(x) = sin x + cos(1 + x2) − 1
xi+1 = xi − f(xi )(xi−1 − xi )/(f(xi−1) − f(xi ))
i xi-1 xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 1 3 -0.023214 13023.08%
2 3 -0.023214 -1.226347 98.11%
3 -0.023214 -1.226347 0.233951 624.19%
4 -1.226347 0.233951 0.396366 40.98%
b) xi-1 = 1.5 and xi = 2.5
i xi-1 xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 1.5 2.5 2.356929 6.07%
2 2.5 2.356929 2.547287 7.47%
3 2.356929 2.547287 2.526339 0.83%
4 2.547287 2.526339 2.532107 0.23%
c) xi–1 = 1.5 and xi = 2.25
i xi-1 xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 1.5 2.25 1.927018 16.76%
2 2.25 1.927018 1.951479 1.25%
3 1.927018 1.951479 1.944604 0.35%
4 1.951479 1.944604 1.944608 0.00%
d) GRAPHICALLY
ur iterations of the secant method
1.5 and xi = 2.25 to locate the root.
Problem 6.9
Determine the highest real root of f (x) = 0.95x 3 − 5.9x2 + 10.9x − 6:
a) GRAPHICALLY
b) Using the Newton-Raphson method (three iterations, x i = 3.5).
f (x) = 0.95x3 − 5.9x2 + 10.9x − 6
0 = 0.95x3 − 5.9x2 + 10.9x − 6
xi = (-0.95x3+59x2+6)/10.9
i x xi Ɛa(%)
1 3.5 3.444381 1.61%
2 3.444381 3.410646 0.99%
3 3.410646 3.389096 0.64%
(c) Using the secant method (three iterations, x i–1 = 2.5 and xi = 3.5).
xi+1 = xi − f(xi )(xi−1 − xi )/(f(xi−1) − f(xi ))
i xi-1 xi xi+1 Ɛa(%)
1 2.5 3.5 3.063063 14.26%
2 3.5 3.063063 3.291906 6.95%
3 3.063063 3.291906 3.367092 2.23%
