International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED DECK SLAB BRIDGE WITH
IRC 112-2011
Ramavath Ramya1, M. Satheesh kumar 2
1, (M.TECH) Structural Engineering, Bharat Engineering &Technologies, Hyderabad, Telangana.
2, (ph.d) Asst Professor civil dept Bharat Engineering &Technologies, Hyderabad, Telangana.
While comparing both methods it has seen that there
are 5-15% variations, which can be acceptable.
ABSTRACT:
Analysis and design of post tensioned T-Girder
Bridge constructions today has achieved a level of bridge of spans 20 m and 30 m are carried out
importance. Bridges are key elements in any road without cross girders by using finite element method
networks and the use of prestressed girder type using SAP2000 bridge wizard. Based on the
bridges gaining popularity because of its maximum responses (Bending, Shear, Torsion and
serviceability, economy, better stability, appearance Deflection) for three girder system are compared for
and structural efficiency. In this study, analysis and different load combinations. The structural behavior
design of prestressed concrete bridges like Deck Slab, of box girder is very complicated to analyze by
T-Girder and Box Girders, are done by using IRC: conventional methods. In present study by using
112-2011. The unified concrete code (IRC:112) Indian Road Congress (IRC: 6) recommendations a
which was published by the Indian Road Congress in simply supported box girder bridge two lane made
Nov 2011 combines the code of reinforced concrete up of pre stressed concrete is analyzed for moving
structures and prestressed concrete structures loads. The analysis is carried out using SAP2000
represents a new code, which is comparatively bridge wizard and pre stressed with parabolic tendons
different when compared to previous codes (i.e RCC in which utilize full section. The various span to
structures IRC:21 and for PSC structures IRC:112). depth ratio considered to get the actual depth at
which stress and deflection criteria are satisfied. The
The fundamental difference between previous codes
thesis also includes the comparison of section 15
and IRC: 112 is that the previous codes were
(general detailing requirements) of IRC: 112 with the
designed based on working stress theory and IRC:
old codes IRC: 18 and IRC: 21 and it also includes
112 were designed based on limit state theory. In this
comparison of flexural and shear design approach by
study, analysis and design of deck slab bridges with
using IRC: 112 with the old codes.
curb and without curb has done using analytical
approach and those results are compared with the Keywords: Deck slab, Girder, pretstressed
finite element method using SAP2000 for
understanding the effect of curb on deck slab bridges.
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International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124
1. INTRODUCTION v. Comparative study of IRC: 112-2011 with IRC: 18
and IRC:21.
Bridges are defined as structures which provides a
passage over a gap without closing way beneath. 1.3 Deck Slab Bridge
They are required for a passage of railway, roadway,
A deck slab bridge is the simplest type of
footpath and even for carriage of fluid, the selection
construction, adopted mostly for small bridges and
of bridge site location should be so chosen that it
culverts. The span should not exceed 8 m for the
gives maximum benefits, efficiency, effectiveness
bridge in order to be built at minimum cost. Through
and equality.. Bridges symbolize ideals and
the thickness of the slab will be considerably high, its
aspirations of humanity. They divide, bring people,
construction is simpler and the cost of the formwork
communities and nations into closer proximity. They
is less.
shorten the distances, transportation become easier
and facilitate easier. Bridge construction is an 1.4 Types of Decks in Bridges
important factor in progress of civilization. One of
The three most common types of reinforced concrete
the comparision I made in this paper that is Deck slab
bridge decks as Solid slab bridge decks are most
behaviour and its results.
useful for small, single or multi-span bridges and are
1.2 Objective of Study easily adaptable for high skew. Voided slab and T-
Girder bridges are used for larger, single or multi-
The main objective of the study is to analysis and
span bridges. In circular voided decks the ratio of
design of prestressed concrete bridges of girder type
depth of void to depth of slab should be less than
solid deck slabs and comparative study of results
0.79; and the maximum area of void should be less
using analytical and FEM. The objects in details are
than 49% of the deck sectional area.
as follows.
1.5 Method of Analysis of Deck
i. EXCEL sheet (Appendix-A) for analysis and
design of prestressed solid deck slab bridges for A wheel load is particularly considered as a
different IRC Loadings are prepared and comparison concentrated load on the slab. This load will get
of those results with finite element method and dispersed with its effects along span wise and
finding the effect of grade of concrete and span on widthwise direction. Thus the load will get distributed
prestressing force and the estimation prestress losses along a particular length and width of the slab. If the
are done. deck slab is spanning in one direction i.e. bridge deck
without cross beams or deck with diaphragms, the
ii. Study of effect of curbs on solid deck slab bridges
bending moments for dead load may be computed as
using conventional and finite element method.
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International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124
a continuous slab, continuous over the longitudinal girders made with high performanceconcrete were
girders. For concentrated loads, the bending moment instrumented using vibrating wire strain gauges.
per unit width of slab may be computed using the Their behaviour was monitored for three years from
effective width method. When the slab is supported the time of casting. The measured change in concrete
on four sides, as for the case bridge deck with cross strain at the centroid of prestressing strands was used
girders, the deck slab may be designed as a two-way to evaluate changes in prestress. The total prestress
slab using Pigeauds method. In deck Girder Bridge, if loss was as large as 28% of the total jacking stress.
transverse beams are used, each panel of slab may be The observed values of prestress losses were
considered to be freely supported at its edges and compared with values calculated using the
assuming corners not free to lift alternatively, the slab recommended AASTHO LRFD and NCHRP
may be considered to be continuous over supporting procedures. Their experiments concluded that the
beams. Piegeauds coefficient method and AASTHO LRFD over-predicted the average prestress
Westergaurds method are available for analysis of losses for the highly stressed span by 20% while the
each panel of slab subjected to concentrated loads. NCHRP method under predicted the average losses
Westergaurds method is cumbersome and therefore by 16%. The NCHRP method was found to be more
rarely adopted for slab designs. Pigeauds curves are inclusive and adoptable to regional construction.
used for computing bending moments in a panel
freely supported along four edges with unrestrained Byung Hwan Oh, In Hwan Yang (2001) they
corners and carrying symmetrically placed load proposed an accurate method for realisticlong term
distributed over some well defined area. Pigeauds prediction of prestress forces changes due to creep
derived the curves for thin plates, using elastic theory and shrinkage of concrete in psc structures. long term
of flexure, and assuming Poisson’s ratio of 0.15. prestress forces is achieved using Bayesian statical
interface. The present study also deal with the
uncertainties with regard to creep and shrinkage of
concrete. The proposed method to reduce the
uncertainty is to conduct short term measurements in
the field before opening the structure to traffic and
use them to update the prior prediction using
Bayesian statistics. They also introduced sampling
method to determine uncertainty regard to creep and
shrinkage of concrete.
Figure A. Types of Decks in bridges
Jarret Kasan,s.m. and Kent A. Harries (2011) they
2.LITERATURE REVIEW suggested that the flexural capacityrating of
prestressed girders having severed or corroded
Barr.P.J. et al (2008) :Five prestressed concrete
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International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124
strands often progresses by simply neglecting the
contribution of the effected strands from the girder
section and assessing the capacity. While this is an
adequate approach at the effected section, it is
conservative elsewhere along the span, assuming that
fully bonded strands are used. Once it reenters sound
concrete, the severed or corroded strands continues to
be bonded to the concrete; thus stress transfer b/w the
concrete and strand is possible and the strand
prestress force may be“redeveloped”(in the sense of
transfer length) by bond transfer at a distance from
the damage location. This paper reports clearly shows
that prestress force is redeveloped at a distance from
the location at which a strand is severed AASTHO
and ACI code prescribed transfer length calculations
appear to remain valid for this redevelopment
behavior.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Results Comparison
For understanding the effect of curb on deck slab in
detail a simply supported deck slab of size (10 m x
7.5 m) panel has taken without and with curb of size
(0.25 m x 0.25 m) and analysis is carried out for
different IRC loadings and comparison of maximum
bending moment and shear force using conventional
Table 1 Comparison of maximum bending
and finite element method by considering the effect
moment and shear force
of curb and without curb as shown in Table 1 and
remaining general data for analysis considered same
as previous problem.
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International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124
vehicle. For analysis and design of deck slab bridge
refer Appendix-A.
3.6.1 Observations from the above study
Based on the analysis done in this chapter the
following observations are to be made.
a) Bending moment and shear force results obtain
from conventional method for dead load are exactly
same as that of finite element method e) For live load
bending moment and shear force results from
conventional method are nearly same or there are 5 to
15% variations which can be acceptable.
Figure 1 maximum bending moment Comparison
for live load b) As the grade of concrete increases then %loss of
prestress decreases.
c) As the span of the deck slab increases then %loss
of prestress also increases.
CONCLUSION
One of the Results presented above out of Analysis.
An attempt has been made in the present study to
asses the static behaviour and analysis and design of
different prestressed concrete girder bridges.
Conclusions Summarized from the study.
Figure 2 Maximum shear force comparison for
live load From the study of deck slab bridges the
There are some variation in the result when we bending moment and shear force results obtained
compared with conventional method to Finite from the conventional method for dead load are
Element Method but those are in acceptable limits exactly same as that of finite element method. For
live load bending moment and shear force results
hence it can be neglected. From Figure 1 and Figure 2
from conventional method are 5 to 15% variations
we can observe that maximum bending moment and
which can be acceptable.
shear are occurred in case of Class AA tracked
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International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124
Due to the effect of curb on deck slab bridges bridges”, Article in Engineering
the maximum responses (bending moment and shear Structures 24(10):1315-1326 · October
forces) are decreasing that will reduces the design 2002,DOI: 10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00066-4
reinforcement in the deck slab bridges.
[5] Zaher Yousif and Riyadh Hindi (2007),”
Future Scope AASHTO-LRFD Live Load Distribution for
Beam-and-Slab Bridges: Limitations and
Study of deck slab bridges can be extended to
Applicability”, Journal of Bridge
continuous type and multiple lanes.
Engineering,Vol. 12, Issue 6 (November
Study of effect of cross girders and diaphragms on T- 2007)
Girder bridges.
[6] Few articles and publication in internet.
Study of continuous type box girder bridges with
dynamic analysis.
Comparison of various clauses of IRC:112 with the
old codes IRC:21 and IRC:18.
REFERENCE
[1] Byung Hwan Oh, In Hwan Yang (2001),
Realistic Long-Term Prediction of Prestress Forces in
SC Box Girder Bridges”, Journal of Structural
Engineering Vol. 127, Issue 9 (September 2001)
[2] Barr.P.J. et al (2008) ,” Comparison of
Prestress Losses for a Prestress Concrete
Bridge Made with High-Performance
Concrete”, Journal of Bridge Engineering
Vol. 13, Issue 5 (September 2008)
[3] Dereck J. Hodson et al (2012),” Live-Load
Analysis of Posttensioned Box-Girder
Bridges”, Journal of Bridge
Engineering,Vol. 17, Issue 4 (July 2012) .
[4] S. Maleki (2002),” Deck modeling for
seismic analysis of skewed slab-girder
Volume 7, Issue X, October/2018 Page No:764
