CURRENT STATUS OF ORGANIC FARMING

IN INDONESIA

Sri Rochayati, Irawan and Husnain

Indonesian Soil Research Institute

Jalan Ir. H. Juanda 98, Bogor 16123, Indonesia

Telphone/Fax: +62-251-8336757
Website: http://balittanah.litbang.deptan.go.id
Email address:
[email protected]
[email protected]

Introduction

Food security has been considered as the most important in agricultural policy in
Indonesia. The Green revolution technology contributed to greatly increasing national rice
productivity by using chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides as its main
component. However, improper management of the use of chemical inputs resulted in the
negative impact on human health and the environment. Entering the 21st century, healthy
lifestyle with the slogan “back to nature” has become a new trend where the people
become more aware of the negative impact of chemical inputs in agriculture. Thus, organic
farming system is the best option to the new lifestyle.
Organic farming is a system of agricultural practice that utilizes natural materials,
such as compost, bio-fertilizers and natural pesticides as well as in situ suitable plant
varieties. Organic farming systems including its product are known safe for human being
and environment. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
(IFOAM) defines organic agriculture as “a production system that sustains the health of
soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity, and cycles
adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic
agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment
and promote fair relationship and a good quality of life for all involved“(IFOAM, 2008).
The concept of organic agriculture by USDA is “an ecological production management
system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological
activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that
restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony”.
This paper discussed about current status of organic agriculture, government policy,
recommendation and organic farming tehnique. The ANSOFT avtivities during 2010-2011
and financial statement will be given briefly.

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Recent condition
With a population of over 215 million people that is still growing, there is no doubt
that organic agricultural products will have a market in the future in Indonesia. Based on
the national survey, there are approximately 15 million people in Indonesia consuming
organic foods.
The development of organic agriculture in Indonesia began in the early 1980s,
especially in Java. It started with initiatives from NGOs that cooperated with small farmers.
Organic farming was seen as an alternative to the green revolution, which degraded the
environment and required high production costs for the farmer. Organic farming was also
carried out to support the farmers and to avoid dependence on external inputs. Currently,
about 44 farmers cultivate 102.000 ha certified organic farm for cacao, coffee, cashew nut,
honey bee, vegetables, tropical fruit, spices, fisheries, herb, textile natural coloring,
aromatic oil, rice and maize.
Ministry of Agriculture established a program, entitled Go Organic 2010. This three-
stage program began in 2001. The year 2001 was categorized as the first step, whereby
existing information on organic agriculture was consolidated. By 2005 a well-developed
infrastructure shall have been established, and by 2010 Indonesia aims to be one of the
biggest organic agriculture producers in the world. However, the program was not fully
successfully yet.
Organic farming issues attracted many farmers and organic practicing. Since then,
farmers and trades easily claimed their product as organic. Some farmers and producers
claimed “organic” without sufficient knowledge and understanding about organic farming
system. Beside, lack of farmers and practicing knowledge, the instrument to regulate and
monitor organic farming system was not established. Therefore, target of the Go Organic
program was not achieved yet. By experienced, currently all stake holders of organic
farming, NGOs and government develop a linking network to provide all information
about organic farming system, market and international trading.
There are several ways to educate farmers, and practicing of organic farming system
such as (1) education and dissemination, and (2) commitment of stakeholders to support
the development of organic farming in Indonesia.
Provide information of human health, healthy food and the quality of food for
farmers and organic practicing, it would change consumer preference of food from
quantity oriented to be quality oriented. Government, academia, and various institutions
engaged in agricultural sector need to disseminate information to the public and farmers to
increase the awareness of farmers about land conservation and environmental protection
outcomes that result from reduced the use of synthetic chemicals. Agricultural productivity
that relies on the use of seeds, chemicals fertilizers and pesticides is not environmentally
friendly and contributes to the impoverishment of farmers because they are no longer

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independent and are reluctant to produce their own seeds. This campaign should be
accompanied by a promotional campaign which highlights the long-term material
advantages that can result from organic farming. In addition, farmers would also get health
benefits from a shift to organic farming, because the additional pollution due to excessive
use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides over long periods endangers the health of farmers,
the environment health, and the public.

Government Policy on Organic Farming

The Government of Republic of Indonesia is very concern in developing organic

farming. One indicator for this matter can be observed by looking at the allocation budget
provided by the government to facilitate organic farming operator in processing
certification. As presented in Figure 1 that the financial assisstance for organic farming
operator to process certification has increased every year. It is a part of the national budget
for organic farming certification to support OKPO (Authority of Organic Farming
Competency) mandate in Direktorat Jenderal Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Hasil Pertanian
(Directorate General for Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products).

Figure 1. Financial assisstence provided by the Indonesian government for organic

farming operator to process certification.

The Government has also made organic farming zoning map based on land resources
suitability in 2010. Based on this map, for example the rice organic farming can be
developed in some districts, such as Padang Panjang, Solok Selatan, Lima Puluh Kota,
Tanah Datar in West Sumatera Province; Klaten and Sragen in Central Java Province;
Bantul in Yogjakarta Province; Bantaeng and Maros in South Sulawesi Province; Poso in
Central Sulawesi Province; Indramayu and Cianjur in West Java Province; Nganjuk in East

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Java Province; Banjar, Hulu Sungai Tengah, and Hulu Sungai Selatan in South Kalimantan
Province; and Gianyar in Bali Province.
Directorate General for Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products provides
database of organic farming operators. Up to 2010 there were 45 organic farming operators
who have received certification, either individually or farmers’ group. Most of them have
been assisted by government in financial matter to process certification. Based on
commodity the organic farming operators are consisted of 6 operators on food crops, 31
operators on horticultural crops (vegetable and fruit), 3 operators on estate crops, and 5
operators on animal husbandry. The constraint faced by farmers to process organic farming
certification is financial matter. Farmer needs to spend at least US$ 900 to get organic
farming certification for 3 years life time and about more than US$ 200 for inspection
every year. That is why the Government provides financial assistance to organic farming
operators.
Beside financial assistance to organic farming operator, the government through the
Directorate General for Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products has published
many books related to several aspects to support organic farming development in national
level, as follows:
1. Organic Food Directory
2. Guidance on Certification of Organic Food Product
3. Guidance on Inspection of Organic Food Product
4. Guidance on Training of Inspector of Organic Farming
5. Guidance on Application of standardization on crop based organic farming
6. Guidance on Application of standardization on bee organic farming
7. Guidance on Application of standardization on cattle organic farming
8. Guidance on Application of standardization on organic food processing
9. Guidance on Training of Facilitator of organic farming
10. Guidance on Training of organic farming operator
11. Guidance on Organic food labeling
12. Guidance on Registration of Certification Body of organic farming
13. Guidance on Integrity recommendation of imported organic food

This office also provides training and education for organic food inspector, facilitator,
sample officer, and standardization compilation for certification body (CB). Since 2007
this office has trained 88 inspectors and 73 sample officers. In relation with harmonization
and equivalency standard of organic food, this office has established cooperation with
Japan (Japan Accreditation System) and The Philippines. This office organized initial
meeting with the Philippines representative on July 28-29, 2011 in Bogor, West Java,
Indonesia. The meeting was dealing with sharing information about accreditation and
certification on organic food in both countries. The meeting was guided by IFOAM

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representative and planned to be continued to make MOU on such matter. The
representative of both countries may have an informal meeting to discuss MOU’s draft
during GOMA season meeting in Korea on September 28-29, 2011.
The Indonesian governmnet through the Directorate General for Processing and
Marketing of Agricultural Products also establishes cooperation with National
Accreditation Committee (KAN) in developing and maintaining national certification body
(CB) on organic farming. There are 7 accredited CB which operate to certify organic
farming operator in Indonesia, as presented in Table 4.

Table 1. List of organic farming certification body which accredited by National

Standardization Body (2011)
No Name of CB Address Commodity scope of certification
and OKPO
Reg. number
1 Sucofindo Graha Sucofindo Lt 6 Fresh product (food and secondary crops,
(OKPO-LS- Jl. Raya Pasar minggu horticulture and estate crops, livestock
001) Kav. 34 Jakarta 12780. and its product)
Telp (021) 7986875
2 MAL Jl. Raya Bogor No 19 Fresh product (food and secondary crops,
(OKPO-LS- Km 33,5 Cimanggis- horticulture and estate crops, livestock
002) Depok. Telp. (021) and its product, including honey).
874020
3 INOFICE Jl. Tentara Pelajar No 1 Fresh product (food and livestock
(OKPO-LS- Bogor. Telp (0251) product).
003) 8382641
4 Sumatera Jl. Raden Saleh No 4 Fresh product : food and horticulture
Barat A. Padang. Telp (0751)
(OKPO-LS- 26017
004)
5 LeSOS PO BOX 03 Tawas, Fresh product : food and horticulture
(OKPO-LS- Mojokerto 61375.
005) Telp. (0321) 618754
6 BIOCERT Komplek Budi Agung
(OKPO-LS- Jl. Kamper Blok M No Fresh product (food and secondary crops,
006) 1. Sukadamai Bogor. horticulture and estate crops, including
Telp (0251) 8316294. mace, livestock and its product, including
Email: honey, and fish)
[email protected]
7 PERSADA Jl. Nogorojo No. 20 Fresh product (food and secondary crops,
(OKPO-LS- Komplek Polri, horticulture and estate crops, livestock
007) Gowok, Depok, and its product)
Sleman Yogjakarta.
Telp (0274) 488420

Based on the Accreditation and Certification Guidance established by Directorate

General for Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products and KAN, organic farming

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certification process must comply with five documents, i.e. (1) KAN 901 about organic
farming accreditation or ISO 65 modification, (2) SNI 6729:2010; CAC/GL 32-2007; (3)
KAN 902-2006 about organic farming inspection or CAC/GL 20-1995, (4) KAN about
Inspector Criteria (2006), and (5) Guidance on labeling and packaging of organic food or
CODEX STAN 1-1985 (Rev. 1-1991).
Meanwhile the general steps of organic farming certification process are as follows:
1. Fill the Application form guided by CB personnel (to fulfill the SNI 6729:2010;
CAC/GL 32-2007)
2. Document audit/review by team (SNI 6729:2010; CAC/GL 32-2007)
3. Contract agreement (the operator should pay the cost of certification)
4. Inspection process and report to certification commission
5. Certification commission meeting (3 or 5 members)
6. Decision on Certification (Pass with condition, Fail, Conversion)

Inspection process is as follows:

1. The inspector makes the inspection plan, based on the document audit.
2. Agree on the inspection plan (time schedule)
3. Inspection process: Opening (verification of the organization structure and
personnel)
4. Inspection on the document/records and continue on the field inspection.
5. Verification on the method of production (land preparation, seeds, seedling,
planting, fertilizer application, materials and techniques, pest and diseases
management, harvesting, packaging, transportation, storage, labeling, selling.
6. Recording of all steps of production.
7. Recording of non compliant.
8. Closing the inspection activities (discussion on the noncompliant)
9. Inspector submits reports to certification commission.
10. Certification commission meeting (presentation of the inspection activities).
11. Conclusion meeting.
12. The operator receive the certificate, get explanation of using the formal Organic
Logo, discussion on the term of condition, and fill the feedback form by operator.

Recommendation for organic farming

1. Utilizing organic fertilizer should consider type and rate of fertilizer application. It
was recommended to develop organic fertilizer from animal manure and plant
residue and apply it for about 10-15 t/ha. This rate of fertilizer could improve
productivity, environmentally safe and maintain sustainability of soil fertility. The
study of economic feasibility in large scale is required.

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 2. To support organic fertilizer production for farmers, the government should
develop a livestock program for farmers. Livestock such as cattle dung can be a
source of good organic fertilizer. Farmers also need facilitation to improve their
skills in terms of waste management in order to make organic fertilizer.
3. To control plant pests and diseases in organic system only bio pesticide is allowed.
There is much advantage by using bio pesticide such as abundance of source, low
cost and contained varied active enzyme or substrate with low level of resistance
and safe for human and environment. However, due to slow effect of bio pesticide
to get impact, it is recommended to use bio pesticide as preventive agent. In recent,
research on bio pesticide mainly focuses on the pest controlling.
4. Farmers should adopt the integration of organic farming and cattle in a close system.
The development should be directed to the development of 1) corporation to
support large scale organic farming system; 2) improving human resource; 3)
developing collaboration between farmers and practicing; 4) selective in choosing
credible micro financial company and 5) developing organic market network

Organic Farming Technique

Organic farming is an integrated system of agriculture among several component

namely food crops, horticulture, plantation, nutrient management, livestock, soil and water
conservation and also biological integrated pest management, that applied eco-friendly
technology in order to achieve sustainable agriculture and to increase soil fertility for the
future (Hartatik et.al.2008). Therefore, cultivation in organic farming it means doing
everything in harmony with nature, through ecology and biology process in related with
food linkage, nutrient cycle, managing soil fertility, integrated pest control and enriched
biodiversity (Widyarti, 2009).

Vegetable based organic farming

Soil and water

It is known that many vegetable varieties are grown in one organic farming area. The
area of organic vegetable farming varies from 1 to 20 ha. It can be belong to one farmer or
a group of farmers or private business which has legal aspect.
Generally, organic vegetables farming are conducted on the area having good soil
fertility and close to water resources derived from natural spring water. For irrigation, they
use spring water directly, but some operators/farmers are filtering irrigation water by using
Eichornia crssipes (local name: Eceng gondok) in order to clean the water from
contaminant.

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 Cultivating organic vegetables farming in high land, some operators/farmers
applied soil and water conservation method. It requires permanent bed with size 1 m x 10
m, and surrounding this bed was covered by grass. The grass has a function to decrease
soil and water erosion and the residue of the grass can be used as compost. The size of bed
(1mx10m) is an ideal size because it can be easier for farmers doing their activity such as
land preparation, pest control (hand picking), and also harvesting. The bed can also be
cemented, specially in terrace area. For plant that suceptible to rainfall, the bed is
completed with roof.
Cropping system
One bed usually is planted with two or three types of plant from different family.
There are several aspects that we should consider for choosing types of plant in one bed.
The aspects are 1) intercropping in one bed with defferent age, 2) characteristic of the
plants selected in order to minimalize harvesting failure, 3) choose plant with different
family, 3) plant pest repellent, one plant become pest repellent for the others plants, and 4)
nutrient requirement.
There is an organic farming technic called inviro valo technic. This technic use a
half of bed for vegetables and another half bed only for planting legume. The purpose of
this technic is to increase soil nutrients availability. Another technic is the use a bed for
planting only non productive legune for two months after 3 year cultivation. Both technics
have already applied by operators/farmers.
Kind of vegetables cultivated by operators/operators are leave vegetables (green
spinach, red spinach, cabbage, leaf onion etc), fruit vegetables (chilli, eggplant, tomato,
cucumber, etc), and parsnip vegetables (potato, cassava, carrot, radish, etc).
Seed
Farmers usually use their own seed such as baby corn, spinach, carrot etc. However,
seed that can not be produced by their own such as brocolli, cabbage, eggplant etc, farmers
buy at agriculural store.
Organic Fertilizer
Manure and plant residues are used as sources of organic fertilizer for plant
nutrients. The farmers also produce green compost by utilizing plant residues or legume
from their own field and planting crops such as Tithonia diversitolia.
Organic fertilizer can be produced by combining manure and plant residue. For
example, farmers can combine cow manure with rice husk and then composting it for 3
months. After that, the compost is ready to applied at beds. Organic fertilizer also can be
made in the bed or known as progressive compost, where about 1m2 within the bed is used
as the place for composting plant residues that derived from the bed itself. Organic
fertilizer were applied at land preperation (takes 1 week incubation) and 1 week after

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planting. Farmers can also utilize urine livestock (goat or rabbit) as a source of liquid
fertilizer or it can be made of fermented manure with water (25 kg manure mix with 50
litre water then fermented for 4 days). Usually, liquid fertilizer is applied when the plant
growth is not satisfied.
Pest and disease
The farmers use biopesticide for pest and disease. Plant pest repellents usually are
also used as biopesticide. To make biopesticide farmers utilize Alpimia galanga,
Andropogon nardus, mix and boil in about 10 litre water. After 12 hours boiling, 1 litre
extract is diluted with about 10 litre water and ready to use.
Harvesting and marketing

At harvesting time/season, vegetables are harvested continuesly, because in one bed

there are several vegetable types with different age. After harvesting, farmers directly sell
the yield to buyers. Some of the operators/farmers who already have networking sell their
product to organic restaurant, ritel or direct consumer.

Rice based organic farming

Organic farming technology for rice consists of selecting the seeds, seedling, soil
tillage, planting, row plant arrangement, integrated pest control and harvesting. The
advantages of organic farming are 1) increasing plant growth and number of rice seedling
specially after 3 years applied organic farming, 2) increasing plant strengthen on facing
pest and disease attack, 3) increasing soil fertility, and 4) increasing the taste of organic
rice is more delicious than conventional rice.
Seed
Recently, farmers have difficulties to find organic rice seeds. Rice seed for organic
farming have to be pure organic. Farmers usually grow local variety rice such as Red rice,
and Pandan wangi rice. Mostly, farmers get the seeds from their own field but some
farmers buy seeds from agricultural store.
Soil and water
Soil tillage for organic farming commonly is similar to conventional farming done
two times by ploughing using tractor until land is ready to use. Generally, rice based
organic farming are carried out in area having very good soil fertility and closed to water
resources derived from natural spring water.
One of the most difficult parts in developing the organic rice field is to find
uncontaminated irrigation water sources, especially in flat area. Ideally in organic farming,
irrigation water source come from natural spring water. That’s way, many rice organic
farming located on hilly areas, and the fields are characterized with rice terrace.

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 Rice organic farming still can be conducted in flat area by making artesis well for
irrigation water source. The water from the artesis well can be flow to the rice field by
using pipe. Second method, by using river for irrigation, the water has to be filtered before
flow it into the rice field. The filtering method is used by growing Eichornia crssipes in a
square size of 1 m x 1m as an inlet for water. The Eichornia crssipes act as biological filter
because this plant can adsorb contaminant such as heavy metals and pesticides. The third
method is a precipitation method to remove toxic element before water entering the field.
Firstly, water is collected in several ponds, and then the water flows from one pond to
another until the toxic elements were precipitated. This pond contain of microbes that have
capability to binding the toxic elements. Meanwhile, bounded of rice field are made more
wide so that the contaminants can be trapping on it.
Pest and desease
In order to control pest and disease attack, farmers do mechanical method by “hand
picking” or using bio-pesticide if it is necessary. Bio-pesticide can be prepared by farmers
themselves. It can be made of tobacco leaves, Ageratum conyzoides leaves, Vicia faba L,
Hibiscus tiliaceus leaves, Eupatorium inulifolium Kunthnleaves, Curcuma xanthorrhiza
ROXB, Andropogon nardus, banana weevil, etc. Each farmer have their own formulation,
but basically farmers mix all materials having smell and taste which pest do not like it. For
example, to make 20 litres bio-pesticide they need some materials namely : 3 kg Alpina
galangal, 3 kg ginger, 2 kg garlic, 5 kg Ageratum conyzoides leaves, 2 kg Sechium edule
(Chayote), 2 kg turmeric and 2 kg tobacco. All materials are chopped and mixed with
water, then it is fermented for one night. By next day, this bio-pesticide is ready to be
applied.
Another formulation of bio-pesticide consist of 1 kg Curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB,
3 kg Thitonia diversifolia, 300 gram Toona sureni. All materials are extracted with 50 litre
of water. After 1 week of fermentation, it can be applied to the plant. Beside using bio-
pesticide, farmers also grow plant pest repellent such as Andropogon nardus, tobacco,
Cosmos caudatus Kunth, Ocimum americanum, Azadirachta indicaa, and others. These
plants can be used to control pest and disease attack.
Organic Fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is a fertilizer that derived from organic matters such as manure,
plant residue, and also organic waste that have already been composted. This fertilizer is to
fulfil the nutrients requirement for plants and to increase soil fertility. The fertilization in
organic farming is to recycle plant nutrients derived from in-situ or ex-situ organic matters,
in order to improve soil fertility. Organic fertilizer has capability to improve soil structure
and soil aeration and to increase water holding capacity (Simanungkalit et.al., 2006).
Organic fertilizer provides complete nutrients although in a small quantity. Organic
fertilizer increases P availability in soil and decreases toxic metals such as Al, Fe and Mn.

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The other advantages of organic matter are to increase quantity and activity of soil
microorganisms, ammonification, nitrification and nitrogen fixation so that soil fertility
will be improved.
Beside organic fertilizer, farmers can prepare local/in-situ microorganisms as a
source of bio-fertilizers. The local microorganisms were derived from 10 kg banana
weevils (chopped it first), 5 kg bamboo sprouts, 10 litre coconut water, 10 litre rice washed
water, and 0.25 kg brown sugar. Mix all materials and put it into a big vat and stirred
evenly. After 10 – 15 days of fermentation, the local microorganism is ready to be used.
There are two type of organic fertilizer, namely solid and liquid organic fertilizer.
Solid organic fertilizer usually using cow manure, rice husks, rice straw, plant residue,
lime and local microorganism. Composition of organic fertilizer depends on the
availability of materials and also depends on the farmer wishes. For illustration, the
farmers make organic fertilizer consists of 60% rice straw, 30% cow manure, 7% plant
residue from sugar palm and other plant residues, 3% lime and rice washed water and local
microorganism through composting process using heap method. Farmers make square for
composting place at above ground size 2 m x 2 m, at four side of this square were fenced
with bamboo 1,5 m height. First material applied on the square is rice straw with 15 cm
height, than follow with cow manure about 10 – 15 cm height, then add plant residue from
sugar palm and others plant residues, and spread some lime, and followed with spraying
rice washed water and local microorganism. Reply all the steps until achieve 1,5 m heights.
After that, it is covered to reduce the evaporation. Meanwhile, the compile of composting
is reversed two times at 6 and 12 days of composting period. Compost as organic fertilizer
that ready to be used have some characteristics such as odourless, crumb, having black
colour, containing available nutrients for plant and having high water holding capacity
(Simanungkalit et.al., 2006)
Liquid fertilizer are made of rabbit/goat manure and urine, tumeric, Toona sureni,
rice washed water and local microorganism. About 30 – 35 kg all materials are put in big
vat, mixed it every 3 days and fermented for two weeks. After two weeks fermented, this
fertilizer is ready to be used. Organic waste and weeding residues can also be processed
into fertilizer by composting itself in the soil. Besides, farmers also grow Anabaena azolla
in the rice field wich is able to symbiose with N-symbiotic bacteria. When the azolla die,
it can be used as source of organic fertilizer.

Cropping system
Cropping system in organic farming is rice-rice-crops and rice-rice-fallow, so that
farmers only grow organic rice two times in one year. The System of Rice Intensification
(SRI) can be utilized in organic rice farming. This system applies young seed (5 -12 old

11
day) and grow one seed in one hole plant. Plant spacing is 25 cm x 25 cm or 30 cm x 30
cm. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is very water saving, because this system applies
intermittent irrigation. But there are some farmers who do not want to apply this system
because it is too risky for snail attacks. Compost of cow manure (6-12 ton/ha/season) as
organic fertilizer is applied on top soil (about 20 cm depth). Farmers spread the compost
over the soil and mix it when the second soil tillage is carried out. The liquid fertilizer
(about 5 litre/ha/season) is applied to the soil and plant. Generally, the rice organic yield
will be low at first three seasons, and it will increase along with soil fertility recovery. The
yield of organic rice can be achieved up to 8 ton/ha (Cahyana, 2009).
Marketing organic rice

There is still problem in marketing organic farming product, mostly for the
operators/farmers of organic farming who do not have organic certificate. Some farmers
have packaged the product by themselves and selling it door to door or they can sell into
organic store. There is farmer group who only sell 50% of their product and the rest for
self-consumption. Payment system varies in marketing organic farming product. Mostly, it
use term payment system that can affect business of organic farming. All the organic
farming operators/farmers need participation from government such as guarantee or market
for selling their product.

Fruit based organic farming

Generally, the farmers does not apply agrochemicals in the farm such as chemical
fertilizer and pesticides. The farmers who cultivate fruits does not have specific technique
for organic farming The farming technique itself is not something new to farmers. The
old ancestors had practiced the organic technique. However, the organic farming technique
for fruits is originally from the training center for organic farming in Indonesia. As
described above the certification process is still in progress.
In relation with the seed or seedling procurement, most farmers buy the seeds from
local agricultural shop. Some farmers get the seeds from other farmers. The farmers apply
manures or cattle dung for the fruit farm. The farmers also develop local micro organisms
to accelerate decomposition of organic fertilizer. All farmers also produce bio-pesticides
by themselves. Farmers usually use in-situ raw materials to produce bio-pesticides, such as
leaves of Fava bean, Kecubung (scrubs) or Limpaga (tree).
The organic farming technique utilized has impact to increase soil fertility, fruit taste,
and decrease the cost. The price of fruits is usually higher than fruits price produced by
conventional farming. Farming technique applied by Winasari farm is followed
 
 
 
 
 

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1. Name of Organic farming : Kebun Winasari (Winasari Garden)
* Address : Tamansari village, Tamansari sub-district, Bogor Regency, West Java
[email protected]
* Operator : Z.Syaiful Sulun ( owner ), Bambang ( manager)
* Land : 11 hectares
* Certification : INOFICE CB ( May 2010 )
* Commodity : Mixed fruits ( banana, pine apple, and papaya)

2. Farming technique
* Land preparation # bench construction based on land condition, the bench size varies
# fertilizer application prior planting date
# some land are purposively baring to take rest from planting
# land clearing prior planting date

* Seed/seedling # provide seedling by developing nursery

* Planting # intercropping planting system

# crop space of pine apple : 60 cm x 60 cm
# crop space of papaya = 250 cm x 200 cm
# banana is planted on the land-plot boundary

3. Organic fertilizer technique

1. Solid/bulky organic fertilizer
* Materials # cattle dung (± 500 kg)
# soil (±100-150 kg)
# bamboo leaves which has been decomposed (±25-30 kg)
# shell of rice bran (± 2- 4 kg)

* Method :Fermentation all materials using Bokashi within 4 days

2. Liquid fertilizer :Fermentation of 25-30 kg of cattle dung + 50 litre of water within 4 - 6 days

4. Bio-pestiside technique
* Materials # Laja (Alpimia galanga), sereh wangi (Andopogon nardus), and Chinaberry
(the amount of those material indicated by its ratio= 1:1:1)
* Method # all materials are blended and boxed
# mixed materials are soak with water (ratio 1:10 litre)
# mixed and refine materials are braised or boiled within 12 hours
# boiled materials are ready to use after thinning by water (10 times)

5. Irrigation water : Spring water, fresh and not polluted water (mountain's water)

6. Product marketing : Direct selling to customers based on an order

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ANSOFT activities in Indonesia (2010-2011)
Ansoft activities in Indonesia during 2010-2011 are (1) join annual meeting in on
29-30 November 2010 in Suwon, South Korea; (2) conducting focus group discussion on
22-23 February 2011 in Bogor, Indonesia; (3) desk work study to synthesize state of the art
of organic farming in Indonesia; and (4) field survey of organic farming in West Java
province.
Ansoft annual Meeting
The Workshop on “ANSOFT” for AFACI PAN-ASIAN PROJECT, as the first
Annual Meeting, was held in November 29-30, 2010 in Suwon-South Korea. This
workshop was attended by 11 principal investigators coming from Korea, Bangladesh,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and
Vietnam. The principal investigator from Indonesia attending this workshop was Dr. Sri
Rochayati from the Indonesian Soil Research Institute, the Agency for Agricultural
Research and Development. The meeting emphasized on the introduction of country report
on Organic Agriculture and the discussion of the future plans of ANSOFT. In the
workshop, the attendance shared information on the environment of partner institutes. The
topic of the Indonesian country report was “ Overview of Organic Farming in Indonesia”.
This country report discussed about (1) the development of organic farming in Indonesia,
(2) regulation and policy for organic farming development, (3) regulatory authority and
certification body, (4) markert development, (5) stake holder roles in organic farming, (6)
national organization of organic farming, (7) challenges for the development of organic
farming in Indonesia, (8) constraint of organic farming development in Indonesia, (9)
organic farming technology, (10) research for organic farming, (11) organic agriculture
activities in Indonesia regarding on ANSOFT, and (12) ANSOFT Activities in Indonesia.
All participants also visit the Extension Office and Organic Farms in Namyangju city.
Focus Group Discussion
The Focus Group Discussion has been conducted on 22-23 February, 2011 in
Indonesian Soil Research Institute (ISRI), Bogor, West Java. The theme of FGD is
“Development of Organic Farming in Indonesia”. The main target of workshop is to get
updated information related to the development of organic farming in Indonesia. The
workshop was attended by 30 participants from different institutions and private sectors
including Directorate General of Processing and Marketing of Agricultural Products
(Ditjen P2HP) Ministry of Agriculture, Local Agricultural Service, Universities,
Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatics Crops Research Institute, Indonesian Soil Research
Institute, Organic Certifying Body (CB), Organic Farmers, Organic Traders, etc. The
summary of FGD is described below.

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Desk Work Study
Besides carrying out focus group discussion, the desk work was done to synthesize
the progress of organic farming in Indonesia as state of the art condition. The development
of organic farming in Indonesia began in early 1986 when founding Bina Sarana Bakti
(BSB) as an organic garden and the first training center in Indonesia, after it developed
rapidly with several NGO activists in the Java region that is characterized by the
establishment of the Network of Farmers and Fishermen (SPTN-HPS) in 1990 in
Jogjakarta, Indonesia Organic Agriculture Network (Jaker PO), Organic Cooperative
Sahani (1999), MAPORINA (2000).
After the Ministry of Agriculture launched a program "Go Organic 2010" in 2001,
the development of organic agriculture in Indonesia began to appear rapidly with the
emerge of several agencies such as Organic Alliance Indonesia (AOI, 2002), organic
certification agencies BIOCert (2003), Organic Producers Association of Indonesia
(APOI , 2003). Vigorously socialization and the introduction of organic farming programe
as it has raises prospective small-medium scale producers in major cities such as Jakarta,
Yogyakarta, Surabaya, where consumers of organic products is concentrated. With the
establishment of a Competent Authority of Organic Agriculture (OKPO) in 2003 by the
Ministry of Agriculture, the development of organic farming has already led according to
program Go Organic 2010.
In addition to organic producers, others organic actors are also evolve such as
training institutes, manufacturers supporting facilities such as fertilizers and organic
pesticides, national or international certification institute, traders and exporters. All of
these sectors interaction each other and must support each other so that the development of
organic agriculture in Indonesia took place rapidly as expected.
The resulting organic products is very diverse, can be fresh food products such as
coffee, cocoa, forest honey, nuts, fresh vegetables, fruits, palm sugar, sugar cane cave, rice,
spices, shrimp, fish and processed products, bio products, cosmetics and fibers as chlothing
raw materials . These products are segmented its market into the flagship product in the
international market for cocoa and coffee, while in the domestic market are rice, fruits and
vegetables. Based on the Statistik Pertanian Organik Indonesia/Indonesian Statistic for
Organic Agriculture (2009), there were 6.680 organic producers who produce fresh
products (6.568), process food products (4), and process fishery and livestock products (4).
Field Survey of Organic Farming
Field survey of organic farming was carried out on June 2011 on several areas of
organic farming in West Java Province, dealing with vegetables based organic farming,
rice based organic farming and fruit based organic farming.
Respondents of field survey were chosen by purposive sampling based on published

15
information in the book of organic farming statistic and document of the District
Agricultural Office. Data collection was conducted by using interviewing method and
direct field observation. The survey team interviewed organic farming operator and used
structural questionnaire to capture data and information needed. During field observation
the team made visual documentation, such as pictures of field landscape, application
technology, and current condition of crops. Besides, the team also bought a VCD of
vegetable organic farming made by the famous operator of organic farming in Cisarua Sub
District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province.
Total respondent interviewed were 14 operators for vegetable, 4 operators for rice
and 5 operators for fruit based organic farming, respectively. Based on legal aspect of
organic farming not all of the respondents having organic certification, but some of them
are towards organic farming in the sense of farming practice.

Financial Statement
The ANSOFT project in Indonesia received through bank transfer amount of money
US $ 10,000 in 2010 and US $ 10,000 in 2011, respectively. Based on the currency rate at
upon the transfer received the amount of money was equal to IDR 89,159,705 (2010) and
IDR 89,990,000 (2011). The expenditure of the budget in 2010 was IDR 89,159,705. It
consisted of traveling and lump sum (41.0%), honorarium (31.3%), and overhead (27.7%).
Meanwhile, the expenditure of the budget in 2011 was IDR 89,990,000 and it consisted of
traveling and lump sum (74.3%), honorarium (3.3%), and overhead (22.3%). The financial
statement is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Financial expenditure of the first year (2010-2011) for ANSOFT activity in
Indonesia
Description Year 2010-2011
US $ IDR
Total Received 10,000 89,159,705
100. Formation of organic working group 25,900,000
200. Travel 33,803,8211)
300. Publication of report 6,940,000
400. Supplies and equipment 19,440,000
500. Others 13,740,955
Total Expenditure 89,874,776
Balance 732,471
Note:
1)
Including traveling cost for Dr. Sri Rochayati to Korea on September 2011

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Conclusion

The development of organic food and farming in Indonesia is quite rapid, recently. In
2009 there were 6.680 organic producers who produce fresh product (6.568), process food
product (4), and process fishery and livestock products (4). In 2010 the scope of organic
food covered food products, horticultural products, species and medicinal products,
livestock products, and plantation products. Besides, the organic farming regulation has
also moved towards.
Field survey has been conducted and 23 organic farming operators were interviewed.
Mostly of the respondent are vegetable based organic farming (61%), then fruit based
organic farming (22%), and the rest is rice based organic farming. Based on legal aspect of
organic farming not all of the respondents having organic certification, but all of them are
towards organic farming in the sense of farming practice. The specific organic farming
techniques are identified, especially in relation to organic fertilizer, bio-pesticide, and
seed/seedlings.
Financial aspect is the main problem faced by organic farming operator in processing
legal aspect of organic certification. Especially for individual farmers of food crops
certification cost is too much. That is why up to 2010 only 45 organic food operators have
been certified. The Government of Indonesia has supported to increase certified organic
farming by providing budget and guidance to do so.

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