JOURNALOF PALEONTOLOGY,

VOL. 9, No. 6, PP. 527-545, PLS. 59-62, SEPTEMBER,1935

LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF NORTHERN SANTA

CLARA PROVINCE, CUBA

M. G. RUTTEN
Utrecht, Holland

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses faunas of larger foraminiferaof Oligocene, upper Eocene and Upper
Cretaceous age from the northern part of Santa Claraprovince, Cuba. Camerinamacgillavryi,
C. petri, C. malbertii and Discocyclina vermunti are new forms described from the upper Eocene.
Lepidorbitoides planasi is described from the Upper Cretaceous. The genus Asterorbis Vaughan
and Cole is placed under Lepidorbitoides Silvestri [=Orbitocyclina Vaughan], together with the
new subgenus Cryptasterorbis with the type-species Cryptasterorbis cubensis (Palmer). The in-
ternal structure of the genus PseudorbitoidesDouville is discussed and a new subfamily, the
Pseudorbitoidinae,proposed.

The material here described was MacGillavry and L. M. R. Rutten.

collected in the first half of 1933, The Tertiary foraminifera, with the
when a party from the University of exception of Camerina macgillavryi,
Utrecht, Holland, under the leader- were collected from a loose grit and
ship of Prof. L. M. R. Rutten, visited are well preserved. Most of the Cre-
this region for geological reconnais- taceous specimens were obtained
sance work. All observations bearing from a soft grayish limestone, but
on northern Santa Clara were al- have undergone a more or less thor-
lotted to me as a basis for a thesis ough process of recrystallization. In
describing the geology of this coun- the remaining cases numerous thin
try. The notes on foraminifera are sections had to be made.
published here, but details of geologic All the specimens described are in
and tectonic nature will appear later. the Mineralogisch-Geologisch Insti-
The localities mentioned are indi- tuut of the University of Utrecht,
cated on the accompanying sketch Holland. The numbers preceded by
maps (fig. 1), the letters H or L pre- a D are in the microscopic thin-
ceding the field-numbers indicating, sections collection of that Institute.
respectively, the collectors, H. J. The faunas of the different locali-

Foraminifera of Oligocene age

Localities H 71 H 80 L 156 L 157

Lepidocyclina fragilis Cushman - - - r
Lepidocyclina marginata (Michelotti) r - r a
Lepidocyclina piedrasensis Vaughan - r r a
Lepidocyclina tournoueri Lemoine and R. Douville r r c
Lepidocyclina semmesi Vaughan and Cole r -
Lepidocyclina favosa Cushman a a a

r=rare; c=common; a=abundant.

528 M. G. RUTTEN

Foraminiferaof upperEoceneage
Localities H61 H63a H66 H374 H381 H384 H392 H636 L 158 L393
CamerinamacgillavryiRut-
ten, n. sp. a
CamerinamalbertiiRutten,
n. sp. - r C r
Camerinapetri Rutten,
n. sp. a a a a r - - - a
Camerina sp. (Palmer) - a r r - -

Operculinasp. r r r
Heterosteginapanamensis
Gravell - r -- -- r -

Lepidocyclinar.-douvillei
Lisson r r
Lepidocyclinageorgiana
Cushman a r - - - -

Lepidocyclinameinzeri
Vaughan - r r -- - r -

Lepidocyclinamortoni
Cushman - - r a - - r -

Lepidocyclinapustulosa
H. Douville c - r - - r - c
Lepidocyclinapiedrasensis
Vaughan c r
Lepidocyclinasemmesi
Vaughan and Cole r a - - - -

Helicolepidinaspiralis
Tobler - - - c - - - - r
Discocyclinablumenthali
Gorterand van der Vlerk - r r
Discocyclinacloptoni
Vaughan a a
Discocyclinacubensis
(Cushman) a a - r - - -

Discocyclinaperkinsi
Vaughan - r - - - - a
Discocyclinageorgiana r
Discocyclina kugleri Gravell - - r - r - -

Discocyclina vermuntiRut-
ten, n. sp. r r a - - r -

Discocyclina(Asterocyclina)
sp. - r -- -- -- r

r=rare; c=common; a=abundant.

Foraminiferaof Upper Cretaceousage
Localities H 153 H 160 L 415 L 485
Orbitoidesbrowni(Ellis) a a - c
minima H. Douvill6 -- - a
Lepidorbitoides
Lepidorbitoides planasi Rutten, n. sp. - - a
Lepidorbitoides cubensis (Palmer) c - - a
Lepidorbitoides aguayoi Palmer c - -
Lepidorbitoides rooki Vaughan and Cole c - - r
Pseudorbitoidesisraelskii Vaughanand Cole a -a a
Pseudorbitoides trechmanni H. Douville - c
Omphalocyclus sp. c -
Torreina torrei Palmer - a

r=rare; c=common; a=abundant.

 _ _ __ ___ _ ___ ____ _ __ ______
LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 529

Io San/a ODaunyo
N.
AA ?~<

-4-

*......*. ....
.... - - -
* 'I aa s-Za/ ....
*
*.. ...: o~~ -... H61'4./3a3 * -... -
/

:.\~~~~~~~~ L.~km
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L.ar,jeranza

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X*^??A~**M*.*

FIG. -A, of the

Sketch-map neighborhood .. B~'":' of Santa Isabel de las .
Lajas. B

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the
the neighborhood of Jicotea.
of C, Sketch-map of the neighborhood of La Esperanza.
D, Sketch-map to show position of L 415.
530 3MA.G. RUTTEN

ties, together with indication of age Megalospheric form: Small, lenticular,

of the faunas, are given in the ac- involute, with an embryon consisting of
one large subspherical chamber; septa
companying tables. curved gently backwards; chambers
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS about as long as high.
Genus CAMERINA Brugiere, 1792
Microspheric form: Very large and ex-
tremely thin; completely involute; most
Several species of Camerina were found specimens irregularly curved; outer sur-
in the upper Eocene rocks of Santa Clara. face covered with a thick uneven layer of
Many specimens that are very similar to secondary calcite. Tangential sections
small Camerinas occur in sections of show numerous small pillars, probably
Upper Cretaceous rocks, but as no loose arranged on the septa. In the median
specimens of these forms could be ob- plane the whorls, with a mean height
tained, definite identification is impossi- somewhat less than 0.5 mm., are numer-
ble. The Camerinas from the upper ous, without widening towards the outer
Eocene are mostly new for America. In margin. The numerous septa are curved
regard to possible identification of these gently backwards, the chambers being
Cuban species with European or Asiatic about as long as high. From the sixth to
forms various works dealing with "Num- the seventh whorl there are about 60
mulites" from these countries were con- septa to a whorl.
sulted, but I was unable to examine This form differs from all known Amer-
many small publications dealing with the ican species of Camerina in the large size
subject. A remote possibility remains, of the microspheric form, which is also
therefore, that the species here described much thinner than any European species.
are already known from Europe or Asia. The species is named in honor of Mr. H.
CAMERINA MACGILLAVRYIRutten, n. sp. J. Mac Gillavry.
Plate 59, figures 6-10; Text figure 4N Type locality, upper Eocene, Loc. H
636, on the Carretera Central, 2 km. east
Very large microspheric forms (B) of the town of Esperanza, Cuba. Syn-
occur in association with numerous small types, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ. Utrecht,
megalospheric forms (A) in a hard white Pal. 1935, 298-300, D13908-13912.
limestone. The type specimen is a mi-
crospheric form, accidentally broken CAMERINA PETRIRutten, n. sp.
through the median plane. The macro- Plate 59, figures 1-5; Text figure 2
spheric form is known from thin-sections Test of medium size, lenticular, in-
only. volute, radiate; granules present or ab-
Measurements of Camerina macgillavryi
Form A A A A B B B
Diameter 5 mm. 5.0 mm. 4.7 mm. 4.2 mm. 50 mm. 43 mm. 52 mm.
Thickness 2.1 mm. 1.8 mm. 2.0 mm. 4.5 mm. 2.7 mm. 2.4 mm.
Number of whorls 3.5 4.5 4 3.5 55 40 35
Septa to the last whorl 28
Diameterof embryon 1.03mm. 1.03 mm. 0.89 mm. 0.70 mm.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 59
FIGS. 1-5-Camerina petri Rutten, n. sp. 1, Vertical section, X9. 2, External view of granu-
lated specimen, X7. 3, Horizontalsection, X 10. 4, Horizontalsection, X6.8. 5, Ex-
ternal view of less granulatedspecimen, X 10. (p. 530)
6-10-Camerina macgillavryiRutten, n. sp. 6, Verticalsection of microsphericspecimens,
X3.8. 7, Vertical section of microsphericspecimen, X8. 8, Verticalsection of macro-
sphericspecimens, X 7.4. 9, Microspherictype specimen, X 1.6. 10, Same specimen,
X5; showing low whorlsand septa gently curved backwards. (p. 530)
JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 9 PLATE59

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Rutten, Cretaceousand Tertiary Foraminifera

 LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 531

sent on the central part of the test; than C. parvula Cushman (2), but is
costae gently curved; several small pillars probably identical with Camerina sp.
in the central part of the test. The em- Vaughan (21, p. 377, pl. 40, fig. 7) de-
bryon consists of one subspherical cham- scribed from Jamaica. In northern
ber varying in diameter from 0.12 to Santa Clara it is by far the commonest
0.30 mm. The septa are curved back- species of Camerina. The species is
wards and the chambers are longer than named in honor of Mr. Petrus Remco
high, or as long as high. Diameter, thick- Pekelharing, chemist, Central Hormi-
ness and number of whorls are shown in guero, Cuba.
text figure 2. The number of septa to the Type locality, upper Eocene, Santa
whorl varies from 20 to 30 in the seventh Isabel de las Lajas on the railroad from
or eighth whorl. Notwithstanding this Sto. Domingo to Cienfuegos, Cuba.
considerable variation, the general ap- Syntypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ.
pearance of all specimens is much the Utrecht, D13920-13960.
same, and because the number of septa
varies gradually, only one species is CAMERINA MALBERTII Rutten, n. sp.
Plate 60, figures 8-10; Text figure 2
recognized.
In general appearance C. petri re- A rather large, discoidal, involute,
sembles C. matleyi Vaughan (21), but the radiate form with costae gently curved.
former is much larger. It is also larger The central area of the test may be

+ tNum.er o/ ivorl?.
A

Camerina pefris

76 /

/! . raoeErz ~~~~

? 2 t 4'/ 5 6 7 a 99 /0 1If 2,13 / ,/V

azmeSeer (/tm7n7

FIG. 2-Diagram showing diameters, thickness, and number of whorls of specimens of Came-
rina petri Rutten, n. sp. and CamerinamalbertiiRutten, n. sp.
532 M. G. RUTTEN

(ame'ri?a 4s4.
+ A/14m3er 'fwor/s.
O Thicke's,ej mW.

daame/er (i mm.
FIG. 3-Diagram showingdiameter,thickness,and numberof whorlsof specimensof Camerina
sp. (Amphistegina cubensis Palmer).

strongly granulate. Septa curved back- Syntypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ.

wards, the chambers being higher than Utrecht, D 13912-13919.
long. In the central part several small
pillars occur. The diameter, thickness, CAMERINAsp.
and number of whorls are shown in text Plate 60, figures 1-4; Text figure3
figure 2. The number of septa to the Amphistegina cubensis PALMER, 1934, Soc.
whorl is rather variable, being about 36 Cubana de Hist. Nat., Mem., vol. 8, no. 4,
in the seventh to eighth whorl and about pp. 256, 257, text figs. 16, 17; pl. 15, fig. 2.
40 in the ninth to eleventh whorl. The form described by Mrs. Palmer as
This form is closely related to the Amphistegina is typical of the upper
much commoner C. petri, but is flatter, Eocene of Santa Clara. However, I con-
larger and has higher chambers. Named sider it to be a Camerina rather than an
in honor of Ing. Felix Malberti of Ha- Amphistegina, although the asymmetry
vana. of the test suggests the latter genus. I,
Type locality, upper Eocene, Santa too, could make out nothing definite as
Isabel de las Lajas, on the railroad from to the aperture, but the species looks like
Sto. Domingo to Cienfuegos, Cuba. a planispirally built form with one more

OF PLATE60
EXPLANATION
FIGS. 1-4-Camerina sp. 1, External view, X 10. 2, Horizontal section, slightly oblique, X 10.
3, Vertical section, X8.2. 4, Horizontal section showing the strong backward curve
of the septa, X16. (p. 532)
5-Lepidorbitoides (Cryptasterorbis) cubensis (Palmer). External view showing smooth
surface and short arms, X 10. (p. 536)
6, 7-Lepidorbidoites (Lepidorbitoides) planasi Rutten, n. sp. 6, Vertical section, X47.5.
7, Horizontal section, X60. (p. 536)
8-10-Camerina malbertii Rutten, n. sp. 8, Vertical section, X5.5. 9, External view,
X6.7. 10, Horizontal section, X4.7. (p. 531)
JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY,VOL. 9 PLATE 60

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H.rCr
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r.1

Rutten, Cretaceousand Tertiary Foraminifera

 LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 533

or less asymmetrical side. The asym- PALMER, 1934, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 8,
no. 1, pp. 68-70.
metry is rather variable, tending to dis- Orbitoides browni VAUGHAN, 1933, in Cush-
appear altogether in some specimens. man, J. A., Foraminifera, Key to Genera
Palmer observes that there are specimens and Species, pl. 40, figs. 3, 4; 1934, Jour.
coiled clockwise as well as counterclock- Paleontology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 68-70.
wise. This supports the idea of asym- This form is rather abundant in Upper
metry of left or right side of the test, Cretaceous layers and even in broken
which might be more or less evenly dis- sections is readily recognized by its size,
tributed according to chance. The thick strong pillars, asymmetry, and slightly
shells walls indicated by Palmer (fig. 16) dome-shaped equatorial layer. Diameter,
are due to a somewhat oblique section. 3.6 mm. to 6.6 mm.; thickness, 1.8 mm.
A section through the equatorial plane to 2.7 mm.; embryonal apparatus, 0.26
reveals thin walls. I also did not find any X0.17 mm. to 0.44 X0.37 mm.
secondary chambers. If the form is Upper Cretaceous, Santa Clara pro-
placed with the camerinids, there may be vince, Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol.
question as to whether it is not an Oper- Inst., Univ. Utrecht, D 13974-13996.
culina, since the whorls widen somewhat
throughout the test. However, the com- Genus LEPIDORBITOIDES Silvestri, 1909
plete involuteness of the test and its The genus Orbitocyclina Vaughan,
thickness point rather to Camerina, s.s. 1929 is synonymous with this genus. It
In this case the form becomes a hom- was based on differences of internal struc-
onym of Camerina cubensis Palmer (15, ture, the latter genus possessing stolonif-
p. 245, pl. 14, figs. 3, 5, 7), and I have erous apertures between the equatorial
asked Mrs. Palmer to give the species a chambers. According to Douville the
new name if she agrees with my opinion.
The diameter, thickness, and number equatorial chambers in Lepidorbitoides
communicate by means of pores in the
of whorls of my specimens are given in anterior chamber-wall. Recent work on
text figure 3. The number of septa to a
whorl is rather variable, ranging from 21 European material (28) has shown that
Douville misinterpreted the structure of
to 31 in the fourth whorl. these forms and that they agree with
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province, Vaughan's description of Orbitocyclina.
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., The name of Silvestri, being the older, is
Univ. Utrecht, D 13961-13971. valid.
Genus HETEROSTEGINA
d'Orbigny, 1826 Subgenus CRYPTASTERORBIS
HETEROSTEGINA PANAMENSIS Gravell Rutten, n. subgen.
Heterostegina panamensis GRAVELL,1933, A number of types of orbitoidal for-
Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. 11,
pp. 17, 18, pi. 1, figs. 10, 11. aminifera of the same general form are
Thin forms with an excentric low umbo numerous in the Upper Cretaceous rocks
are assigned to this species. Diameter of Santa Clara, and especially in the
3 mm. to 4.1 mm.; thickness 0.9 mm. to limestone hills southeast of La Esperanza.
1.2 mm. Diameter of embryon 0.12 mm. We find here several species of Lepidor-
to 0.16 mm. bitoides and forms that can be assigned
to the genus Asterorbis Vaughan and
Upper Eocene, northern Santa Clara
Cole (26). The latter genus was described
Province, Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol.
Inst., Univ. Utrecht, D 13972, 13973. by the authors as closely related to
Orbitocyclina. Palmer has described sev-
Genus ORBITOIDESd'Orbigny, 1847 eral forms specifically, which she placed
ORBITOIDES BROWNI (Ellis)
with question under Asterorbis for her
Gallowayina browni ELLIS,1932, Am. Mus. specimens were too poorly preserved to
Novitates, no. 568, pp. 1-8, 9 figs. in text.- allow positive identification. My speci-
534 M. G. RUTTEN

mens have suffered from recrystallization unsatisfactory, as the effects due to

but give good views of the internal struc- recrystallization give the strongest im-
ture. The stellate forms show an embry- pression. Therefore, I have made a num-
onal apparatus consisting of one small ber of camera lucida drawings which are
subspherical first chamber, succeeded by just as accurate as photographs.
a kidney-shaped larger one which partly The embryonal apparatus and the
embraces the first chamber. Following form of the equatorial chambers in
these are one or more chambers larger Asterorbis are the same as in Lepidorbi-
than the equatorial chambers and smaller toides, and, as was suggested by Vaughan
than the preceding embryonic chambers. and Cole (26), I propose to place these
They partly embrace the two chambers. stellate forms with ribs on the test as a
The equatorial chambers are low and subgenus under Lepidorbitoides. As a
arcuate. The outer walls of the cham- link between these forms and Lepidorbi-
bers in one circle form the inner walls toides s.s. we find in Cuba lenticular
of the chambers in the following cir- forms with a smooth or reticulate surface,
cle, just as in Orbitocyclina. The pat- described by Palmer as ?Asterorbis
tern is obscured by black radial lines cubensis and ?Asterorbis havanensis. For
occurring in almost every chamber. these forms that have an equatorial
These are due to recrystallization. They layer with distinct rays but outwardly
have about the length of the chambers resemble the true Lepidorbitoides forms,
that embrace them; and, although they I propose the subgenus Cryptasterorbis.
alternate as the chambers themselves Type species of the subgenus, ?Asterorbis
commonly alternate, they produce a cubensis. The generic definition of Lepi-
pattern similar to that drawn by Mrs. dorbitoides must be enlarged to comprise
Palmer in her diagrammatic figures. This forms with (1) test stellate or lenticular,
pattern, therefore, is not caused by lat- and (2) pillars present or absent. The
eral chambers surrounding the rays of subgenus Lepidorbitoides is characterized
the equatorial layer, but is due to a typi- by a regular, nonstellate equatorial
cal form of recrystallization within the layer.
equatorial chambers. Photographs of Cryptasterorbishas a stellate equatorial
thin-sections of these stellate forms are layer but the test is smooth, lenticular,

FIG. 4 A, B, I, J-Lepidorbitoides (Cryptasterorbis) cubensis(Palmer). A, Horizontal section

showing embryonal apparatus, X36. B, Horizontal section of same specimen as
shown in Plate 61, figure 3, made by drawing mirror. Only the chamber-wallsare
indicated, X30. I, Horizontalsection of equatorial chambersbetween the rays with
black streaks due to recrystallization, X45. J, Horizontal section of embryonalap-
paratus, X45. (p. 536)
C, D-Torreina torrei Palmer. C, Horizontal section of many-chamberedembryonal ap-
paratus, X45. D, Horizontalsection of many-chamberedembryonalapparatus, X45.
(p. 542)
E-H, M-Pseudorbitoides trechmanniH.'Douville. E, Obliquesection showing equatorial
layer and several lateral chamberswith stolon passages, X30. Black, cavities; white,
limestone walls. F, Tangential section showing lateral chambersand stolon passages,
X21. G, Slightly obliquevertical section of macrosphericindividual, X 15. H, Slightly
oblique section of macrosphericindividual, X30. M, Oblique section showing equa-
torial layer, X15. (p. 544)
K, L, O, Q-PseudorbitoidesisraelskiVaughanand Cole. K, Slightly obliquesection, show-
ing clearly part of the median layer, X45. L, Vertical section showing radial equa-
torial chambersand arrangementof lateral chambers, X30. O, Obliquesection, show-
ing tendency to radial arrangementof lateral chambers, X30. Q, Horizontal section
showing embryonalapparatus, X 18. (p. 544)
N-Camerina macgillavryiRutten, n. sp. Horizontalsectionof macrosphericspecimen,X9.
(p. 530)
P-Lepidorbitoides (Lepidorbitoides) planasi Rutten, n. sp. Horizontalsectionof embryonal
apparatus, X54. (p. 336)
LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 535
536 M. G. RUTTEN

without elevated rays indicating the Height of equatorial

arms of the median layer. Asterorbis has chambersmeasured
in one of the arms.. .0.02 mm. to 0.17 mm.
a stellate test with raised ribs and rays
in the equatorial layer. Upper Cretaceous, Santa Clara prov-
LEPIDORBITOIDES (CRYPTASTERORBIS) ince, Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst.,
CUBENSIS(Palmer) Univ. Utrecht, D 14009-14015; 14017-
Plate 60, figure 5; Plate 61, figures 3, 8, 9; 14019; 14215-14220.
Text figures4A, B, I, J
?Asterorbis cubensis PALMER,1934, Soc. Cu- Subgenus LEPIDORBITOIDESSilvestri,
bana de Hist. Nat., Mem., vol. 8, no. 4, p. 1909
249, pl. 13, figs. 6, 9, 10; pl. 14, fig. 9.
?Asterorbishavanensis PALMER, 1934, Soc. LEPIDORBITOIDES (LEPIDORBITOIDES)
Cubana de Hist. Nat., Mem., vol. 8, no. 4, MINIMAH. Douville
pp. 251, 252, text figs. 13, 14; pl. 13, fig. 11. Lepidorbitoidesminima H. DOUVILLE,1927,
C. R. Soc. Geol. France, Fevrier 21, p. 34.
Test smooth or reticulate, lenticular, Orbitocyclina minima VAUGHAN,1929, Jour.
rather thick, in better preserved speci- Paleontology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 174, 175,
mens with four or five very short arms pl. 22, figs. 3-6.
(<0.02 mm.) that are, however, mostly Small, lenticular forms, in some cases
broken. In the equatorial layer there are slightly asymmetrical. The embryonic
four or five arms, as in Asterocyclina, apparatus is somewhat larger than indi-
formed by larger equatorial chambers cated in Vaughan's figures, the equatorial
placed in the same radial row. In the chambers are rather small, and their
fields between the arms the chambers are form is typically ogival.
smaller, and there are more of them on
one radius. This is effected by the inter- Measurements of Lepidorbitoides
minima
(Lepidorbitoides)
position toward the margin of the test of
more concentric rows of equatorial cham- Diameter ............1.6 mm. to 4.0 mm.
Thickness ............1.1 mm. to 1.5 mm.
bers that pinch out toward the arms. The Diameter first em-
obscuring effects of recrystallization have bryonic chamber ....0.09 mm. to 0.15 mm.
been described. In most drawings only Diameters second
the chamber-walls are drawn, and the chamber...........0.15 X0.07 mm. to
0.24X0.12 mm.
secondary lines omitted. Palmer sepa- Equatorial chambers
rates the larger forms with five arms from horizontally ........0.03 X0.03 mm. to
the smaller ones with four arms. In my 0.07 X0.05 mm.
material the diameters vary gradually Height of equatorial
chambers ..........0.02 mm. to 0.06 mm.
and I have large specimens with four
arms and smaller ones with five arms, so Upper Cretaceous, Santa Clara province,
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ.
there is no reason to consider them spe-
Utrecht, D 13997-14002, 14016.
cifically different. Moreover, Palmer
(fig. 14, p. 252) shows a specimen of A. LEPIDORBITOIDES
(LEPIDORBITOIDES)
havanensis measuring about 4 mm., PLANASIRutten, n. sp.
which is the average size of A. cubensis. Plate 60, figures6, 7; Text figure4P
Measurementsof Lepidorbitoides Here are included very small forms in
cubensis
(Cryptasterorbis) which the state of preservation of the flat,
Diameter ............1.2 mm. to 5.0 mm. lenticular tests is too poor to permit
Thickness........... 1.8 mm. at a diameter determination of external features. The
of about 3 mm.
small embryonic apparatus in the equa-
Diameter, first em-
bryonic chamber....0.14 mm. to 0.19 mm. torial layer is typical of the genus. It
Diameter second contains a small subspherical primary
chamber ...........0.25 X0.20 mm. to chamber, a larger reniform second cham-
0.30 X0.16 mm.
Height of equatorial ber, and several other chambers, gradu-
chambers ..........0.02 mm. to 0.04 mm. ally diminishing in size, imperfectly
 LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 537

coiled about these two. Equatorial About 30 lateral chambers occur above
chambers are small and low. In hori- each other in the thickest part of the
zontal section their form is mostly trun- test.
cate, the sides of chambers in the same LEPIDORBITOIDES(ASTERORBIS)
row not reaching one another. The lateral ROOKIVaughan and Cole
chambers are low and not arranged in Asterorbisrooki VAUGHANand COLE, 1932,
Nat. Acad. Sci., Proc., vol. 18, no. 10, pp.
regular tiers. There are about ten layers
of lateral chambers in the thickest part 611-613, pl 1.
of the test. No pillars apparent. This species is thinner than L. aguayoi,
but still lenticular and not to be confused
Measurementsof Lepidorbitoides with ?asterorbismacei Palmer. The diame-
(Lepidorbitoides)planasi ter varies rather strongly. One specimen
Diameter ............1.2 mm. to 1.5 mm. has a diameterof 2.2 mm. to a thickness of
Thickness. ..........0.6 mm. 0.9 mm. The layer of equatorial chambers
Diameter first em-
bryonic chamber....0.05 mm. to 0.06 mm. between the rays does not exceed 0.025
Diameters second mm., but in the arms it attains a height
chamber ...........0.09X0.05 mm. to of 0.13 mm.
0.10 X0.04 mm.
Equatorialchambers Genus LEPIDOCYCLINAGiimbel, 1868
horizontally........0.03 mm. X0.04 mm.
Height of equatorial In determining the Lepidocyclines I
chambers ..........0.03 mm. to 0.04 mm. secured much help from the Key to the
In form and size of the embryonal American Genus of Lepidocyclina, by Dr.
apparatus this species resembles L. (L.) I. M. van der Vlerk and Miss M. van de
nortoni (Vaughan) (20). It is, however, Geyn, which the latter kindly sent me in
much smaller, has lower lateral chambers manuscript. Because of the resemblance
and lacks the pillars. L. (L.) minima of different species of the subgenera
Douville, moreover, has a larger embry- Lepidocyclina and Nephrolepidina, I have
onal apparatus. The species is named in determined only macrospheric specimens.
honor of Ing. M. Planas of Havana.
Type locality, upper Eocene, Locality Subgenus LEPIDOCYCLINA
Gumbel, 1868
L 485, 3 km. southeast of La Esperanza, LEPIDOCYCLINA(LEPIDOCYCLINA)
R.-DOUVILLEILisson
Cuba. Syntypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ.
Utrecht, D 14003-14008. Lepidocyclinar.-douvillei LIssON,1921, Arch.
Assoc. Peruanap. el Prog. Ciencia,Tome 1,
fasc. 1, pp. 52-55, pls. 3-5.
Subgenus ASTERORBIS Vaughan
Rather thin, lenticular, smooth, small
and Cole, 1932
isolepidine forms without pillars. Equa-
LEPIDORBITOIDES (ASTERORBIS) torial chambers diamond-shaped, ar-
AGUAYOIPalmer
?Asterorbis aguayoi PALMER,1934, Soc. Cu- ranged on intersecting curves. Diameter,
bana de Hist. Nat., Mem., vol. 8, no. 4, 2.4 mm. to 4.5 mm.; thickness, 0.8 mm.
p. 246, text figs. 6-8; pl. 13, fig. 7. to 1.8 mm.; embryonal apparatus, 0.45
This species, together with other X0.39 mm. to 0.84 X0.63 mm.
Cretaceous orbitoids, is common in Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province,
sample H 153, which is a hard yellow Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst.,
limestone. In thin sections made it is Univ. Utrecht, D 14021-14023.
difficult to distinguish this species from LEPIDOCYCLINA (LEPIDOCYCLINA)
Asterorbis rooki. The first species is GEORGIANA Cushman
thicker, but in slightly oblique sections Lepidocyclina georgiana CUSHMAN,1920, U. S.
this difference becomes less defined. One Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 125-D, pp. 60, 61,
specimen has a diameter of 5 mm. and a pl. 16, fig. 1; pl. 17, figs. 1-3; pl. 18, figs. 1, 2.
thickness of 2.2 mm. The lateral cham- IsolepidinageorgianaH. DOUVILL],1924, Soc.
G6ol. France, Mem. 2, (n. ser.), p. 39,
bers are not arranged strictly in tiers. text fig. 22.
538 M. G. RUTTEN

Large, flat discoidal forms, in some employed a glass rod. Of course, it is

cases with a low umbo. Surface papillate, impossible to make thin sections in this
many small pillars. Equatorial chambers way, but by careful illumination so that
rhomboid or ogival, arranged on inter- the shadows do not become too deep,
secting curves. and with closed diaphragm to get enough
Measurementsof Lepidocyclina depth, good photographs may be ob-
(Lepidocyclina)georgiana tained. The equatorial chambers are
Diameter........... 7 mm. to 9.3 mm. ogival or rhomboidal and arranged on
Thickness...........0.6 mm. to 1.3 mm.
Embryonalappara- intersecting curves. Diameter, 4.4 mm.
tus ..............0.48 mm. X0.39 mm. to to 9 mm.; embryonal apparatus, 0.59
0.75 mm. X0.45 mm. X0.48 mm. to 0.84X0.66 mm.
In his text Cushman describes the Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province,
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst.,
equatorial chambers as hexagonal, but Univ. Utrecht, D 14031-14034.
his Plate 18, figure 1, shows them to be
rhomboidal and arranged on intersecting LEPIDOCYCLINA
(LEPIDOCYCLINA)
curves. In my material there are two MORTONI
Cushman
species of large flat isolepidine forms Lepidocyclina mortoni CUSHMAN,1920, U. S.
representing this specimen and L. mor- Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 125-D, pp. 70, 71,
toni. The latter is distinguished by hex- pl. 27, figs. 1-4; pl. 28, figs. 1, 2.
agonal or spatulate equatorial chambers Flat discoidal forms with a low umbo
that are arranged on concentric circles. and a papillate surface. In some speci-
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province, mens there are larger pustules on the
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., umbonal center. The equatorial cham-
Univ. Utrecht, D 14024-14030. bers are hexagonal or spatulate, arranged
on concentric circles. Lateral chambers
LEPIDOCYCLINA (LEPIDOCYCLINA)
MEINZERI low, only a few layers even in the thickest
Vaughan
Plate 62, figure 4 part of the test. Diameter, 4.4 mm. to
7.5 mm.; thickness, 0.8 mm. to 1.1 mm.;
Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) meinzeri
VAUGHAN, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., embryonal apparatus, 0.45 X0.20 mm. to
vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 11, 12, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2; 0.89 X0.85 mm.
pl. 4, figs. 1, 2c, 3-5. There are two isolepidine forms of this
Large selliform, rather thin, isolepidine type, L. mortoni Cushman and L. (L.)
forms with a papillate surface. In order supera (Conrad) ((27), See 6, p. 40, figs.
to secure a good view of the equatorial 23-26, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10). These are rather
plane, I ground this species and L. large, thin, papillate and with chambers
semmesi on small glass tubes with differ- arranged on concentric circles. I pre-
ent diameters, varying with the amount sumed my specimens to be L. mortoni as
of curvature of the specimens ground. L. supera is an Oligocene species, but I
For specimens very strongly curved I an not sure whether the two species are

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 61
FIGS. 1, 7 Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) piedrasensis Vaughan. 1, Vertical section, X11.8.
7, External view, X9. (p. 539)
2-Omphalocyclus sp. Vertical section, X34.
3, 8, 9-Lepidorbitoides (Cryptasterorbis) cubensis (Palmer). 3, Vertical section; at the
left side the section passes one of the arms, X39. 8, Verticalsection, X40.7. 9, Hori-
zontal section, X40.7. (p. 536)
4, 5-Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) vermunti Rutten, n. sp. 4, Vertical section of broken
specimen, showing pillars, X27. 5, External view showing smooth surfaceand short
arms, X9. (p. 542)
6-Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) semmesi Vaughan and Cole. Horizontal concave sec-
tion showing the equatorialchambershexagonaland arrangedon concentriccircles,
Xli. (p. 540)
JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 9 PLATE 61

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Rutten, Cretaceousand Tertiary Foraminifera

 LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 539

really distinct. In that case, my speci- Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) fragilis

mens, of course, should be called L. VAUGHAN, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,
vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 27, 28, pl. 14, figs. 1-4.
supera also.
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province, Large, thin, reticulate, without pillars.
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., Equatorial chambers ogival to hexa-
Univ. Utrecht, D 14035-14044. gonal; arranged on concentric circles.
Only one specimen found. Diameter, 10
LEPIDOCYCLINA (LEPIDOCYCLINA) mm.; thickness, 0.9 mm.; embryonal
PUSTULOSA H. Douville
apparatus, 0.75 X0.74 mm.
Isolepidina pustulosa H. DOUVILLF,1917, C. Oligocene, Santa Clara province,
R. Acad. Sci. Paris, tome 164, p. 844, text
figs. 1, 2, 4; 1924, Soc. Geol. France, Mem. Cuba. Hypotype, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ.
2, (n. ser.), pp. 41, 42, text figs. 27-32, Utrecht, D 14054.
pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.
Smaller forms lenticular, sometimes LEPIDOCYCLINA (NEPHROLEPIDINA)
PIEDRASENSIS Vaughan
with a definite umbo. Surface strongly
Plate 61, figures 1, 7; Plate 62, figures 8, 9
papillate. Equatorial chambers rhomboid
or ogival and arranged on intersecting Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) piedrasensis
curves. Diameter, 2.9 mm. to 5.1 mm.; VAUGHAN, 1933, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,
thickness, 0.9 mm. to 1.8 mm.; embry- vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 34, 35, pl. 27, fig. 4.
onal apparatus, 0.22 mm. X0.15 mm. to The nephrolepidine forms from Santa
0.56 mm. X0.44 mm. Clara which I place provisorily in this
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province, species are rather variable. The thinner
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., specimens are identical with Vaughan's
Univ. Utrecht, D 14045-14053. description, and as the variation toward
the thicker forms is gradual there is no
Subgenus NEPHROLEPIDINA
reason to propose a new name for the
H. Douville, 1911
thicker forms. If later examination of
LEPIDOCYCLINA (NEPHROLEPIDINA) more material from the type locality of
MARGINATA (Michelotti) L. piedrasensis should prove that that
Lepidocyclina marginata LEMOINE and R. species and my Cuban forms are speci-
DOUVILLE,1904, Soc. Geol. France, Pale-
ont. Mem. 32, pp. 16, 17, pl. 1, fig. 7, pl. 2, fically different, I propose for the Cuban
figs. 7, 9,11, 20, pl. 3, figs. 3, 8, 9, 13. forms the name Lepidocyclina (Nephro-
Forms with a conspicuous umbo which lepidina) petri. The tests vary from flat
in some specimens becomes very high discoidal, sometimes a little curved, to
and steep and with a collar of varying flat lenticular. The surface is papillate.
extent. Umbo mostly with large pustules. Equatorial chambers short-hexagonal to
The pillars are heavy and common. The ogival, arranged on concentric circles.
equatorial chambers hexagonal to ogival, Lateral chambers low and irregular.
arranged on concentric circles. The Pillars small, varying in number. Di-
lateral chambers sometimes form regular ameter, 4.9 mm. to 10 mm.; thickness,
tiers, but sometimes they alternate. 1.6 mm. to 2.4 mm.; embryonal appara-
Diameter, 5.2 mm. to 7.8 mm.; thickness, tus, 0.65 mm. X0.50 mm. to 1.65 mm.
2.4 mm. to 3.1 mm.; embryonal appara- X0.66 mm.
tus, 0.60 mm. X0.42 mm. to 1.02 mm. Upper Eocene and Oligocene, Santa
X0.84 mm. Clara province, Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-
Oligocene, Santa Clara province, Geol. Inst., Univ. Utrecht, D 14076-
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., 14093.
Univ. Utrecht, D 14055-14071.
LEPIDOCYCLINA
(NEPHROLEPIDINA)
LEPIDOCYCLINA (NEPHROLEPIDINA) TOURNOUERI Lemoine and R. Douville
FRAGILISCushman
Lepidocyclina tournoueri LEMOINE and R.
Lepidocyclinafragilis CUSHMAN,1920, U. S. DOUVILLE,1904, Soc. Geol. France, Pale-
Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 125-D, pp. 63, 64, ont. Mem. 32, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 5; pl. 2, figs.
pl. 22, figs. 1, 2. 2, 14; pl. 3, fig. 1.
540 M. G. RUTTEN

Nephrolepidina tournoueri H. DOUVILLU, 1924, grinding on a glass tube, the equatorial

Soc. Geol. France, Mem. 2, (n. s6r.), pp.
47, 48. plane can be studied in full and the shape
Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) tournoueri of the chambers better ascertained.
VAUGHAN,1933, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Diameter, 3.9 mm. to 8.3 mm.; thickness,
vol. 89, no. 10, pp. 25, 26, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2. 1 mm. to 1.5 mm.; embryonal apparatus,
Small lenticular forms with rather 0.60 mm. X0.52 mm. to 1.15 mm. X1.10
heavy pillars. Surface papillate, without mm.
the pustules of L. morgani. Equatorial Upper Eocene and Oligocene, Santa
chambers spatulate to hexagonal, ar- Clara province, Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-
ranged on concentric circles. Lateral Geol. Inst., Univ. Utrecht, D 14099-
chambers rather high, arranged in defi- 14109.
nite tiers. Diameter, 4.2 mm. to 5.4 mm.;
thickness 1.4 mm. to 1.8 mm.; embryonal Subgenus EULEPIDINA
apparatus, 0.81 mm. X0.74 mm. to 1.02 H. Douville, 1911
mm. X1 mm. LEPIDOCYCLINA (EULEPIDINA)
Oligocene, Santa Clara province, FAVOSACushman
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., Lepidocylina favosa CUSHMAN,1920, U. S.
Univ. Utrecht, D 14094-14098. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 125-D, p. 66, pl.
15, fig. b.
LEPIDOCYCLINA (NEPHROLEPIDINA) Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) favosa VAUGHAN,
SEMMESI Vaughan and Cole 1933, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no.
Plate 61, figure 6 10, pp. 37-41, pl. 17, figs. 1-3; pl. 18, figs.
1-4; pl. 19, figs. 1-4; pl. 20, figs. 1-3; pl. 21,
Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) semmesi figs. 1,3; pl. 29, fig. 4.
VAUGHANand COLE, 1933, in Vaughan,
Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. 10, This form is readily recognized by the
pp. 29, 30, pl. 15, figs. 3-5, pl. 30, figs. 1; very thick chamber walls, giving a
pl. 31, figs. 1, la; pl. 32, figs. 2, 3. coarsely reticulate surface. The tests
Large, selliform, rather thin forms. vary rather strongly in shape, agreeing
Surface papillate. Equatorial chambers perfectly with the descriptions of
regular hexagonal to ogival, arranged on Vaughan. On the collar the reticulation
concentric circles. Vaughan and Cole in is always less coarse than on the thicker
their text state that the equatorial cham- part of the test. Vaughan, in repeating
bers are diamond-shaped. They have, the description of Cushman, mentions
however, only one bad section on which the presence of pillars. I could find none
the equatorial plane is sectioned obli- in my specimens but the thick chamber
quely, and nothing definite can be said walls in vertical sections often give the
regarding the form of the chambers. By impression of pillars. Vaughan (PI. 17,
EXPLANATION
OF PLATE62
FIG. 1-Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) kugleri Gravell. Horizontal section, X36.4. (p. 542)
2-Pseudorbitozdes trechmanni H. Douville. Vertical section, slightly oblique, X17.7.
(p. 544)
3-Torreina torrei Palmer. Horizontal section through a young and a full grown specimen,
X 13. (p. 542)
4-Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) meinzeri Vaughan. Horizontal, concave section showing
diamond-shaped equatorial chambers arranged on intersecting curves, X6.9.
(p. 538)
5-Pseudorbitoides israelskii Vaughan and Cole. Slightly oblique section to illustrate state
of preservation; showing long radial equatorial chambers, X28. (p. 544)
6-Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) sp. External view showing thick umbo and flange with
raised ribs, X11. (p. 542)
7-Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) vermunti Rutten, n. sp. Horizontal section of specimen
with six arms, X26. (p. 542)
8, 9-Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) piedrasensis Vaughan. 8, Vertical section, X7.6.
9, Horizontal section showing the equatorial chambers short-hexagonal arranged on
concentric circles, X8.4. (p. 539)
JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY, VOL. 9 PLATE 62

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Rutten, Cretaceous and Tertiary Foraminifera

 LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 541

fig. 3) shows very thick chamber walls regularly distributed; lateral chambers
and no trace of pillars, and probably they very low, irregular, not in definite tiers,
are always absent in this species. and up to eight layers above each other.
Oligocene, Santa Clara province, Equatorial chambers nearly square,
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., annuli about 80,/ apart. Diameter, 6.9
Univ. Utrecht, D 14110-14139. mm. to 9 mm.; thickness, 0.8 mm. in a
specimen 6.9 mm. in diameter.
Genus HELICOLEPIDINATobler, 1922
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province,
SPIRALIS(Tobler)
HELICOLEPIDINA Cuba.
Lepidocyclina (Helicolepidina) spiralis TOB-
LER,1922, Eclogae geol. Helv., vol. 17, no. DISCOCYCLINA (DISCOCYCLINA)
3, pp. 380-384. CUBENSIS (Cushman)
Helicolepidina spiralis BARKER, 1934, Jour. Orthophragmina cubensis CUSHMAN, 1920,
Paleontology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 345, 346, U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 125-D, pp.
text figs. la, lc, pl. 47, figs. 1-4. 40, 41, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2.
Large, microspheric forms; lenticular Thick, lenticular forms, occasionally
with a small flange; pillars conspicuous. with a small flange. Surface papillate,
The spiral reaches the margin in about pillars very heavy. In the equatorial
one and one-half whorl. Diameter, 4.8 plane in the center near the embryonal
mm. to 6 mm.; thickness, 1.8 mm. to apparatus is sometimes seen a pattern
2.7 mm. with indication of rays as in Asterocy-
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province, clina. The rays, however, are mostly
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., very indistinct, and never reach beyond
Univ. Utrecht, D 14140-14143; 14210. one-third the distance of the embryon
to the margin. The radial diameter of the
Genus DISCOCYCLINA Giimbel, 1868 equatorial chambers is two or three times
Subgenus DISCOCYCLINA Gumbel, 1868 larger than the tangential and measures
DISCOCYCLINA (DISCOCYCLINA) about 70,uhalfway between embryon and
BLUMENTHALI Gorter and van der Vlerk
margin. Embryonal apparatus small, of
Discocyclina (Discocyclina) blumenthali "nephrolepidine" type. Lateral chambers
GORTER and VAN DER VLERK, 1932,
Leidsche Geol. Med., Deel 4, afl. 2, p. 111, very regular; arranged in definite tiers,
pl. 16, figs. 2-4. from 20 to 35 layers above each other in
Rather large, lenticular, papillate the thickest part of the test. Diameter,
forms with an "eulepidine" embryon. 2.8 mm. to 4.8 mm.; thickness, 1.5 mm.
Radial diameter of equatorial chambers to 2.6 mm.; embryonal apparatus, 0.22
about 80,/ halfway between embryon and X0.19 mm.
margin. Tangential diameter two to Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province,
three times smaller. Diameter, 6 mm. to Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst.,
6.3 mm.; thickness, 2.1 mm. to 2.4 mm.; Univ. Utrecht, D 14146-14154.
embryonal apparatus, 0.52 X0.52 mm.
to 0.59X0.59 mm. DISCOCYCLINA (DISCOCYCLINA)
PERKINSI Vaughan
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province, Discocyclina perkinsi VAUGHAN, 1928, Jour.
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., Paleontology, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 285, pl. 46,
Univ. Utrecht, D 14144, 14145. figs. 4, 5.
DISCOCYCLINA (DISCOCYCLINA) Large, flat forms, without umbo; sur-
CLOPTONIVaughan face papillate; numerous very small pil-
Discocyclina cloptoni VAUGHAN,1929, U. S. lars. Equatorial chambers nearly square,
Nat. Mus., Proc., no. 2800, pp. 14, 15, pl. 5, small. In many sections it is difficult to
figs. 1-6. see the different annuli because of the
This species is identified in thin sec- small diameter of the equatorial cham-
tions only. Large and very flat, occasion- bers, which vary from 20,u to 30,/. Di-
ally with a low umbo. Small pillars ir- ameter up to 13.2 mm.
542 M. G. RUTTEN

Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province, cubensis. The limits of variation in D.

Cuba. Hypotype, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ. cubensis are close to the more irregular
Utrecht, D 14155. specimens of D. vermunti and it is difficult
to draw the boundary. This species is
Subgenus ASTEROCYCLINA Giimbel, 1868 named in honor of Mr. L. W. J. Vermunt,
DISCOCYCLINA (ASTEROCYCLINA) Utrecht.
KUGLERIGravell Type locality, upper Eocene, Loc. H
Plate 62, figure 1 374, near the cemetery of Jicotea, Santa
Discocyclina(Asterocyclina)kugleriGRAVELL, Clara province, Cuba. Syntypes, Min.-
1933, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 89, no. Geol. Inst., Univ. Utrecht, D 14160-
11, pp. 23, 24, pl. 3, figs. 1-5. 14168.
Small, lenticular form with four rays. DISCOCYCLINA
Arms mostly broken. Surface papillate (ASTEROCYCLINA) sp.
or reticulate, no pillars. Equatorial cham- Plate 62, figure 6
bers in the central part of the test nearly I have one specimen of a very typical
the Asterocyclina that seems to be a new
square, about 25,u in diameter, at
ends of the rays with a radial diameter form. A thick almost globular umbo is
of 70/,, and two or three times smaller surrounded by a thin broad collar with
four strong raised ribs, corresponding
tangentially. Embryonal apparatus
mm. with four rays in the equatorial layer.
"nephrolepidine." Diameter, 1.9 to
3.0 mm.; thickness, 0.8 mm. to 1.5 mm.; Umbo and ribs bear heavy pustules, the
collar is reticulate. Radial diameter of
embryonal apparatus, 0.22 mm. X0.21
mm. the equatorial chambers is about two to
three times the tangential. Diameter, 5.2
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara province,
Cuba. Hypotypes, Min.-Geol. Inst., mm.; thickness, 2.1 mm.; diameter of
Univ. Utrecht, D 14157-14159. the umbo, 2.6 mm.
Upper Eocene, Santa Clara Province,
DISCOCYCLINA (ASTEROCYCLINA) Cuba. Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ. Utrecht,
VERMUNTI Rutten, n. sp. D 14169.
Plate 61, figures4, 5; Plate 62, figure 7
Genus TORREINAPalmer, 1934
Lenticular form with short arms that
are mostly broken, five to seven rays; TORREINA TORREI Palmer
Plate 62, figure3; Text figures4C, D
surface more or less papillate; several TorreinatorreiPALMER, 1934, Soc. Cubanade
heavy pillars; annuli sometimes irregular, Hist. Nat., Mem., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 237, 238,
tending to obliterate the ray-like Astero- pl. 12, figs. 1, 4.
cyclina pattern. Radial diameter of This species occurs only in one locality,
equatorial chambers two to three times but is extremely common there. Speci-
larger than tangential, varying from 60/L mens agree very well with Palmer's
to 100lx. Lateral chambers arranged in description. The number of initial cham-
definite tiers, up to 30 layers above eael bers inside the thick common wall some-
other in the thickest part of the test. times goes up to seven, as is illustrated
Diameter, 2.9 mm. to 4.5 mm.; thickness, in the figures. Diameter varies strongly.
1.6 mm. to 2.3 mm.; embryonal appara- Upper Cretaceous, Santa Clara prov-
atus, 0.24 mm. X0.20 mm. to 0.44 mm. ince, Cuba. Hypotypes, specimens in
X0.40 mm. sections Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ. Utrecht,
This species closely resembles Disco- D. 14421-14427.
cyclina kugleri, except for the presence of
1852
heavy pillars. The partial obliteration of Genus OMPHALOCYCLUS Bronn,
the ray-like pattern by the irregular OMPHALOCYCLUS Sp.
annuli marks a variation toward Disco- Plate 61, figure 2
cyclina ss., and in this subgenus we found Small specimens of Omphalocyclus are
the variation toward Asterocyclina in D. common at one locality. They do not
 LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 543

reach 3 mm. in diameter and thus are available becomes less. At many places
much smaller than specimens from there are breaks in the "channels,"-
Maastricht, Holland. small transverse dams of white calcite,
Upper Cretaceous, Santa Clara prov- -and I was unable to ascertain whether
ince, Cuba. or not these breaks are primary or due
to the poor state of preservation.
Genus PSEUDORBITOIDES
In vertical sections we see an equator-
H. Douville, 1922 ial layer composed of small chambers
Since previous authors have expressed (19, pl. 21, fig. 6), whereas in horizontal
doubt as to the internal structure of this sections equatorial chambers do not
genus, a full discussion of my material appear. I surmised, therefore, that the
seems warranted. South of Camajuani "chambers" in vertical section are cross-
we found abundant material of P. trech- sections through the "channels." As
manni and P. israelskii. However, with the section is not absolutely radial, and
the exception of four weathered-out of course the channels are never abso-
specimens of the first-named species, all lutely straight, a vertical section will cut
specimens are contained in massive lime- quite a number of these channels. They
stone and can be studied in thin sections are cut rather obliquely and thus appear
only. Owing to the extreme abundance of larger than they really are. The appa-
these forms each slide contained a num- rent doubling and trebling of the layer
ber of specimens, and numerous speci- of equatorial chambers is caused by the
mens could be studied. Recrystallization doubling of the median layer of channel-
is rather strong and makes photograph- like chambers that take the place of the
ing almost impossible, so drawings with ordinary equatorial chambers in the
a camera lucida were made. other genera of orbitoids. Proof of the
The genus is characterized by the absence of ordinary equatorial chambers
doubling of the equatorial layer (5) and is furnished by oblique sections. If there
by the radiating lines over the median were both equatorial chambers and
plane (19). According to Vaughan, there "channels," the chambers in oblique sec-
is a layer of more or less radially arranged tions would appear bounded on either
equatorial chambers. Towards the peri- side by the "channels." This is not the
phery this layer doubles or trebles and case, for we never see other than the
over this layer fine radiating lipes should channel-like chambers already described.
be disposed. The nature of these lines Toward the lateral parts of the test they
could not be ascertained. are replaced by the irregular lateral
In making horizontal sections I did chambers. These chambers often are
not find any equatorial chambers; only more or less radially disposed in tan-
the radiating lines that varied in thick- gential sections near the median plane
ness from 10,t to 30,i. At the periphery and here they sometimes have a certain
there are several layers of these lines. likeness to equatorial chambers of the
The lines consist of a dark-grayish common type in orbitoids.
material with walls of white limestone. To sum up, I find that the test of
The lateral chambers, and also the Pseudorbitoides is built up by three
stolons between these, are filled with the groups of layers of chambers. The median
same material that forms the lines, from layer consists of long, channel-like,
which I inferred that these are long, radial chambers, appearing as radial
channel-like chambers. In following these lines, and not thicker than 30/. Toward
chambers in horizontal section from the the periphery this layer doubles and
periphery to the center we see how trebles. On either side of the median
several "channels" bundle together to layer are lateral chambers, rather irregu-
form one single channel as the space lar in form. In vertical sections they
544 M. G. RUTTEN

usually appear in tiers; in tangential Flat discoidal forms with a very low
sections near the median plane they have umbo. The lateral chambers are low and
a tendency to become radially arranged. arranged in tiers up to 15 layers above
Communication between the lateral each other. In some specimens several
chambers is by means of stoloniferous short, thick pillars may be observed; in
apertures. Megalospheric and micro- many specimens they are lacking. Several
spheric forms have been observed. The megalospheric individuals were observed
megalospheric embryon is formed by a in vertical sections. The embryonal
rather irregular cluster of larger cham- apparatus consists of three or more sub-
bers. equal larger chambers, just as in vertical
In view of the typical equatorial cham- sections of P. israelskii. Diameter, 2.8
bers, that are not found in any of the mm. to 4.8 mm.; thickness, 0.7 mm. to
other genera of the Orbitoididae, I pro- 0.9 mm.
pose that the genus Pseudorbitoides be Upper Cretaceous, Santa Clara prov-
designated as the type genus of a new ince, Cuba. Hypotypes, specimens in
subfamily, the Pseudorbitoidinae. A re- sections, Min.-Geol. Inst., Univ. Utrecht,
moval of the genus from the family of D. 14411-14413, 14417-14427.
the Orbitoididae is not necessary owing
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 LARGER FORAMINIFERA OF CUBA 545

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