Conic Section

HYPERBOLA
Learning Outcomes of the Lesson
(What I Need to Know)
At the end of the lesson, the student is able to:
(1). define a hyperbola;
(2). determine the standard form of equation of a hyperbola;
(3). graph a hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate system; and
(4). solve situational problems involving conic sections
(hyperbola).
Review: (Ellipses)
Question #1: It is the locus of all points in
the plane, and the sum of whose distances
from two fixed points is a constant.

Answer: Ellipse
Question #2:
How many cases do ellipses have?

Answer: Two (2)

Question #3:
How many parts are there in ellipses?

Answer: Six (6)

Question #4:
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
What is the center in + = 1?
36 49

Answer: C(2,3)
Question #5:
What is the orientation and shape of

(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
+ = 1?
36 49

Answer: Vertical major axis; Tall

Question #6:
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
What is a and b in + = 1?
36 49

Answer: a = 7; and b = 6
Question #7:
(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
Solve for the value of c in + = 1.
36 49

Answer: c = 13
Question #8:

What is the length of the major axis, minor axis,

(𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
and foci in + = 1, respectively?
36 49

Answer: 14 units, 12 units, and 2 13 units

Question #9:
𝑥2 𝑦2
What are the foci in + = 1?
49 36

Answer: 𝐹1 (− 13 , 0) and 𝐹2 ( 13 , 0)
Question #10:

𝑥2 𝑦2
What are the vertices in + = 1?
49 36

Answer: 𝑉1 −7,0 and 𝑉2 (7,0)

Question #11:

𝑥2 𝑦2
What are the covertices in + = 1?
49 36

Answer: 𝑊1 (0, −6) and 𝑊2 (0,6)

What I Know
Question #1: What is the fourth type of
conic section?

Answer: Hyperbola
Question #2:
How many cases do hyperbolas have?

Answer: Two (2)

Question #3:
It is the fixed point of the hyperbola.

Answer: Foci
Question #4:
𝑥2 𝑦2
What is the orientation of − = 1?
4 9

Answer: Horizontal transverse axis

Question #5:
(𝑦 − 3)2 (𝑥 + 6)2
What is the opening of − = 1?
16 25

Answer: Up and down

LESSON PROPER
HYPERBOLA
What is Hyperbola?
Hyperbola is the locus of all points in the plane
wherein the absolute difference of whose distances
from two fixed points is a constant. It contains two
symmetrical parts called branches.
Let 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 be two distinct points. The set of all
points P, whose distances from 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 differ by a
certain constant is called a hyperbola. The points 𝐹1
and 𝐹2 are called the foci of the hyperbola.
 Now, given the two points on the x-axis, let’s say 𝐹1
(-c,0) and 𝐹2 (c,0). These points are the foci, and both c
units away from their center.
Let P(x,y) be a point on the hyperbola, and let the
absolute value of the difference of the distances of P from
𝐹1 and 𝐹2 , be 2a. Thus, |𝑃𝐹1 - 𝑃𝐹2 | = 2a.
(2a is the absolute value of the difference of its distances
from the foci).

Note: 𝑃𝐹2 = 𝑑1 and 𝑃𝐹1 = 𝑑2

What are the Relationships in Hyperbola?

1. From Center to Vertex, we have letter a.

2. From Center to Covertex, we have letter b.

3. From Center to Focus, we have letter c.

CASES
HYPERBOLA
Horizontal Hyperbola
Vertical Hyperbola
STANDARD FORM
HYPERBOLA
STANDARD FORM OF HYPERBOLA
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐
A. Horizontal − =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
(𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐
B. Vertical − =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

Note: To find c, we will use c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 .

Terminologies
PARTS OF HYPERBOLA
Parts of the Hyperbola
1. Center (C)
It is the midpoint of both the transverse and
conjugate axes, where they intersect.

It is the midpoint of the line segment joining the

foci.
2. Vertices (V)
Are points on the hyperbola, collinear with the
center and foci.

These are the endpoints of the transverse axis.

3. Covertices (W)
These are the endpoints of the conjugate axis.
4. Foci (F)
Are two fixed points inside each curve of the
hyperbola.
5. Transverse axis
It is the axis of a hyperbola that passes through
the foci.
6. Conjugate axis
It is perpendicular to the transverse axis and has
the covertices as its endpoints.
7. Asymptotes
Are two lines passing through the center which
serve as a guide in graphing the hyperbola.
8. Auxiliary rectangle
It is a rectangle whose vertices lies on the
asymptotes of the hyperbola and whose sides
contain the vertices of the hyperbola.
9. Latera recta
It passes through the foci and are perpendicular
to the transverse axis; and parallel to the
conjugate axis.
Formula to be Used in Hyperbola
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐
− =𝟏 − =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐

1. Orientation Horizontal transverse axis Vertical transverse axis

2. Center (h,k) (h,k)
3. Length of the Latera recta 2𝑏2
units
𝑎

4. Vertices (h ± a, k) (h, k ± a)
5. Covertices (h, k ± b) (h ± b, k)
6. Foci (h ± c, k) (h, k ± c)
7. Direction of Opening left and right up and down
8. Transverse axis y=k x=h
9. Conjugate axis x=h y=k
𝑏 𝑎
10. Asymptotes y - k = ± (x – h) y - k = ± (x – h)
𝑎 𝑏
EXAMPLES
HYPERBOLA
Given the standard form equation of the
hyperbola, find the orientation, center, length of
the latera recta, vertices, covertices, foci, direction
of opening, transverse axis, conjugate axis, and
asymptotes.

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
1. − =𝟏
𝟗 𝟕
Solution:
Given: h = 0, k = 0, a = 3, b = 7 , then solve for c using c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 . So, c = 4.

a. Orientation is horizontal transverse axis. c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐

b. The direction of opening is left and right.

c. Center is at C(0,0) or at the origin. c = (𝟑)𝟐 +( 7)𝟐

d. The vertices are 𝑉1 (-3,0) and 𝑉2 (3,0). c= 9+7

e. The covertices are 𝑊1 (0, - 7) and 𝑊2 (0, 7). c = 16
f. The foci are 𝐹1 (-4,0) and 𝐹2 (4,0). Therefore, c = 4.
Solution: (Continuation)
Given: h = 0, k = 0, a = 3, b = 7 , then solve for c using c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 . So, c = 4.

g. The transverse axis is y = 0 (or x-axis).

h. The conjugate axis is x = 0 (or y-axis).
2𝑏2 2( 7)2 2(7) 14
i. The length of the latera recta is = = = units.
𝑎 3 3 3
𝑏
j. The asymptotes are y – k = ± (x – h)
𝑎
7
y–0= ± (x – 0)
3
7 7
Therefore, the asymptotes are y = - x and y = x.
3 3
Given the standard form equation of the
hyperbola, find the orientation, center, length of
the latera recta, vertices, covertices, foci, direction
of opening, transverse axis, conjugate axis, and
asymptotes.

(𝒚 + 𝟐) 𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟕) 𝟐
2. − =𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝟗
Solution:
Given: h = 7, k = -2, a = 5, b = 3, then solve for c using c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 . So, c = 34.

a. Orientation is vertical transverse axis. c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐

b. The direction of opening is up and down.
c. Center is at C(7,-2). c = (𝟓)𝟐 +(3)𝟐
d. The vertices are 𝑉1 (7,-7) and 𝑉2 (7,3). c = 25 + 9
e. The covertices are 𝑊1 (4,-2) and 𝑊2 (10,-2). c= 34
f. The foci are 𝐹1 (7,-2 - 34) and 𝐹2 (7,-2 + 34). Therefore, c = 𝟑𝟒.
Solution: (Continuation)
Given: h = 7, k = -2, a = 5, b =3, then solve for c using c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 . So, c = 34.

g. The transverse axis is x = 7.

h. The conjugate axis is y = -2.
2𝑏2 2(3)2 2(9) 18
i. The length of the latera recta is = = = units.
𝑎 5 5 5
𝑎
j. The asymptotes are y - k = ± (x – h)
𝑏
5
y – (-2) = ± (x – 7)
3
5 29 5 41
Therefore, the asymptotes are y = - x + and y = x - .
3 3 3 3
Given the general form equation of the hyperbola,
find the orientation, center, length of the latera
recta, vertices, covertices, foci, direction of
opening, transverse axis, conjugate axis, and
asymptotes.

3. 4𝑥 2 - 5𝑦 2 + 32X + 30Y - 1= 0
 Solution:
Use Completing the Square first.

4𝑥 2 - 5𝑦 2 + 32x + 30y – 1 = 0

2 2
4𝑥 + 32x - 5𝑦 + 30y = 1

4(𝑥 2 + 8x) – 5(𝑦 2 - 6y) = 1

4(𝑥 2 + 8x + 16) – 5(𝑦 2 - 6y + 9) = 1 + 4(16) – 5(9)

Solution: (Continuation)

2 2
4(𝑥 + 4) – 5(𝑦 − 3) = 20
(𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐
Therefore, − =𝟏
𝟓 𝟒
(This is the standard form equation)
Solution: (Continuation)
Given: h = -4, k = 3, a = 5, b =2, then solve for c using c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 . So, c = 3.

a. Orientation is horizontal transverse axis. c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐

b. The direction of opening is left and right.

c. Center is at C(-4,3). c = ( 𝟓)𝟐 +(2)𝟐

d. The vertices are 𝑉1 (-4 - 5, 3) and 𝑉2 (-4 + 5, 3) . c= 5+4

e. The covertices are 𝑊1 (-4,1) and 𝑊2 (-4,5). c= 9
f. The foci are 𝐹1 (-7,3) and 𝐹2 (-1,3). Therefore, c = 𝟑.
Solution: (Continuation)
Given: h = -4, k = 3, a = 5, b = 2, then solve for c using c = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 . So, c = 3.

g. The transverse axis is y = 3.

h. The conjugate axis is x = -4.
2𝑏2 2(2)2 2(4) 8 8 5
i. The length of the latera recta is = = = = units.
𝑎 5 5 5 5
𝑏
j. The asymptotes are y - k = ± (x – h)
𝑎
2
y – (3) = ± (x – (-4))
5
2 5 8 5 2 5 8 5
Therefore, the asymptotes are y = - x- + 3 and y = x+ + 3.
5 3 5 3
4. Find the general form equation of
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐
− =𝟏
𝟓 𝟔
Solution:
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐
− =𝟏
𝟓 𝟔

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 𝒚 𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗
− =𝟏
𝟓 𝟔
𝟐 𝟐
6(𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒) - 5(𝒚 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗) = 30
Solution: (Continuation)

𝟐 𝟐
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒 - 5𝒚 − 𝟑𝟎𝒚 − 𝟒𝟓 − 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎

𝟐 𝟐
𝟔𝒙 - 5𝒚 + 𝟐𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝟎𝒚 − 𝟓𝟏 = 𝟎
(This is the general form equation)
5. Find the standard form equation of
the hyperbola whose foci are 𝑭𝟏 (0,-10)
and 𝑭𝟐 (0,10), such that for any point on
it, the absolute value of the difference of
its distances from the foci is 12.
Solution:

The hyperbola is vertical and has center at the origin (0,0).

We have 2a = 12, so a = 6; also, c = 10.
Then, b = (𝟏𝟎)𝟐 − (𝟔)𝟐 = 8.

𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
Therefore, the standard form equation is − = 𝟏.
𝟑𝟔 𝟔𝟒
6. A hyperbola has vertices 𝑽𝟏 (-14,-3)
and 𝑽𝟐 (0,-3), and one of its covertex is
𝑾𝟏 (-7, -3 - 𝟓𝟏). Find its standard
form equation.
Solution:

The midpoint (-7,-3) of the vertices is the center of the hyperbola.

The orientation is in horizontal transverse axis.
Each vertex is a = 7 units away from the center and the given
covertex is b = 𝟓𝟏 units away from the center.

(𝒙 + 𝟕)𝟐 (𝒚 + 𝟑)𝟐
Therefore, the standard form equation is − = 𝟏.
𝟒𝟗 𝟓𝟏
GRAPHING
HYPERBOLA
How to Graph a Hyperbola
Determine if it is horizontal or vertical.
Find the center (h,k).
From the center, find the transverse and conjugate axes.
Use these points to draw an auxiliary rectangle that will guide the shape of
your hyperbola.
Draw diagonal lines through the center and the corners of the auxiliary
rectangle that extend beyond the rectangle. (This gives you two lines and that
will be your asymptotes).
Sketch the curves.
ASSESSMENT
HYPERBOLA
A. Given the following hyperbola, find the orientation,
center, length of the latera recta, vertices, covertices, foci,
direction of opening, transverse axis, conjugate axis, and
asymptotes.

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
1. − =𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟒

(𝒚 − 𝟕)𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟖)𝟐
2. − =𝟏
𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟔

3. 9𝒚𝟐 + 54y - 6𝒙𝟐 - 36x – 27 = 0

B. Problem Solving.

(𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 (𝒚 − 𝟒)𝟐
1. Convert − = 1 in its general form.
𝟐 𝟒

𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
2. Draw the graph of − = 𝟏.
𝟔𝟒 𝟖𝟏

3. Find the standard and general form equation of hyperbola

given its foci at 𝐹1 (-4,2) and 𝐹2 (6,2) and its vertices at
𝑉1 (-2,2) and 𝑉2 (4,2). Then, sketch the graph.