Chapter 2.

RC Frame Design: IRC:112-2011

Ultimate Limit States

1. Moment resistance
Limit state of moment resistance should satisfy the condition, MEd≤MRd.
Moment resistance, MRd, is calculated using the strain compatibility method as shown below.

1.1 Design strength of material

(1) Design compressive strength of concrete

IRC: 112-2011
f cd = αf ck / γ c (2.1) 6.4.2.8

where,
α : The Coefficient taking account of long term effects on the compressive strength and of unfavorable
effects resulting from the way the load is applied, α = 0.67.
fck : The characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete at 28 days.
γc : The partial safety factor for concrete.

(2) Design yield strength of reinforcement

IRC: 112-2011
f yd = f yk / γ s (2.2) 6.2.2

where,
fyk : The characteristic yield strength of reinforcement.
γs : The partial safety factor for reinforcement or prestressing steel.

(3) Design tensile strength of tendon.

IRC: 112-2011
f pd = f p 0,1k / γ s (2.3) 6.3.5

where,
fp0,1k : The characteristic 0.1% proof-stress of prestressing steel.
γs : The partial safety factor for reinforcement or prestressing steel.

• Partial factors for materials γc, γs

Default values of partial factors for materials are shown in the table below. The values can be
entered by the user.

[Ta ble 2.1] Pa rtial factors for materials for ULS

γs for reinforcing IRC: 112-2011
Design Situations γc for concrete Figure 6.2
steel
Figure 6.4
Basic & Seismic 1.5 1.15 Figure 6.5
Accidental 1.2 1.0

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 2

 Partial safety factor γc, γs / Coefficient for long term αcc, αct
Main design parameters for materials can be entered in Partial Safety Factors for Material
Properties dialog box. Among the input values, αcc is considered when calculating moment
resistance in Ultimate Limit State and it is applied as 1.0 for shear resistance.
Design > RC Design > Partial Safety Factors for Material Properties…

γc

γs

αcc

[Fi g. 2.1]Pa rti a l Sa fety Fa ctors for Ma teri a l Properti es Input Di a l og

When defining partial factors for materials, Basic & Seismic and Accidental design situations can
be specified as shown in Table 2.2.

[Ta ble 2.2] Cl assification of design situations

Design situations Description
Basic & Seismic Load combination not “Accidental situation”
Load combination include following load case type,
Live Load Impact (IL, IM)
Accidental Collision Load (CO)
Vehicular Collision Force (CT)
Vessel Collision Force (CV)

Load case type need to be specified in Static Load Cases dialog box.
Load > Static Load Cases…

[Fi g. 2.2] Sta ti c Loa d Ca s es Input Di a l og

Strength of Concrete/Reinforcement

Design Guide for midas Civil 3

Define the material strengths of concrete and steel in Modify Concrete Materials dialog box.

Design > RC Design > Modify Concrete Material…

fck

fyk
fywk

[Fi g. 2.3] Defi ne fck, fyk, fywk

Select 'None' in the Code field and enter the name of the material to be used in the Name field.
Then, each data field is activated and the strength of materials can be entered.

fpk
fp0,1k

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 4

1.2 Calculate neutral axis depth
Calculate the position of neutral axis by iterative approach as shown in the figure below.
In midas Civil, singly reinforced beam design method is applied in the calculation of neutral axis
and flexural strength for conservative design.

Cc

Ts

Cc - Ts = 0?

[Fi g. 2.4] Fl ow cha rt to ca l cul a te neutra l a xi s depth, x

(1) Calculate force of concrete, Cc.

C c = ηf cd ∫ λx (2.4)
dA

where,
λ: The effective height of the compression zone factor.
η: The effective strength factor.
IRC: 112-2011
(A2-33)~(A2-36)
Condition λ η
fck ≤ 60MPa 0.8 1.0
60 < fck ≤ 110MPa 0.8-(fck-60)/500 1.0-(fck-60)/250

x: The neutral axis depth.

• In midas Civil, a rectangular stress distribution is used as shown in the figure below.
(Ultimate strain of concrete εcu= εcu1 )

εcu1

Cc

IRC: 112-2011
Figure A2-4

Ts

[Fi g. 2.5] Recta ngul a r s tres s di s tri buti on

Design Guide for midas Civil 5

(2) Calculate force of reinforcement, Ts .

Ts = As f s (2.5)

where,
As : The cross sectional area of tensile reinforcement.
fs : The stress of tensile reinforcement.

In order to calculate the stress of reinforcing steel, fs , calculate the appropriate strain by the
strain compatibility condition. And then calculate the corresponding stresses in the stress-strain
diagram.
Calculation method of strain and stress is as follow.

• Calculate the strains of reinforcement by assuming a linear strain distribution and the strain of
εcu1 at the extreme fiber of the concrete in compression.

dt − x
εs = ε cu (2.6)
x

where,
εs : The strain of tensile reinforcement.εs : The strain of tensile reinforcement
εcu1 : The ultimate compressive strain in the concrete ( εcu = εcu1 )εcu: The ultimate compressive strain in
the concrete. (εcu = εcu3)
x : The neutral axis depth.
dt : Distance from the tensile rebar to the extreme top fiber of the element

IRC: 112-2011
Figure 8.1

A - REINFORCING STEEL TENSILE STRAIN LIMIT

- CONCRETE BENDING PLUS AXIAL COMPRESSION STRAIN LIMIT

- CONCRETE PURE COMPRESSION STRAIN LIMIT

[Fi g. 2.6] Pos s i bl e s tra i n di s tri buti ons i n the ul ti ma te l i mi t s ta te

• Calculate the reinforcement stresses appropriate to the calculated reinforcement strains.

(from the stress-strain idealizations)

ε s Es (ε s ≤ ε yd )
fs =  (2.7)
 f yd (ε s > ε yd )

ε yd = f yd / E s (2.8)

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 6

 f yd = f yk / γ s (2.9)

where,
Es : The design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcement.
fyd : The design yield strength of reinforcement. (See 1.1(2))
εyd : The yield strain of reinforcement.

IRC: 112-2011
Figure 6.2

[Fi g. 2.7] Idea l i zed a nd des i gn s tres s -s tra i n di a gra m for rei nforci ng s teel

(3) Check if resultant force is zero.

Determine the neutral axis position by iterative approach of the clause (1) and (2) until the
compressive strength ( C=Cc) and tensile strength ( T = Ts ) become identical.
In midas Civil, convergence condition for “C”=”T” is applied as follows.

• Convergence condition:
nvergence condition :
C
− 1.0 < 0.001 (Tolerance)
(2.10)
T

where,
C = Cc , T = Ts (2.11)

• Reassume neutral axis depth by “Bisection method (Numerical analysis)” before meeting the
following stop condition.

[Ta ble 2.3] Stop condition for i terative a pproach

Stop condition Description
C
Converge − 1.0 < 0.001
T
Repeat count > 20
→ Output “Not converge” in Message window.
→ Need to modify model as following.
Not converge
- Increase section size.
- Modify the rebar information ( position, numbers,
spacing etc.)

Beam Section Data for Design

Define the section and stirrup data to be applied in concrete code design. In midas Civil, rebar
ratio is determined in between minimum and maximum rebar ratio.

Design Guide for midas Civil 7

 Design > RC Design > Beam Section for Design

[Fi g. 2.8] Tendon Property Input Dialog

Where, Dt and Db represent the distance from the rebar centre to top and bottom fibre
respectively.

Rebar Input for Beam Section for Checking

Define rebar data for concrete code checking. In midas Civil, both top and bottom rebar must be
defined to perform concrete code checking.

Design > RC Design > Beam Section Data for Checking

[Fi g. 2.9] Beam Section for Design Dialog

1.3 Calculate moment resistance MRd

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 8

 Once the neutral axis is calculated, moment resistance can be calculated by multiplying the axial
forces and eccentricity from the neutral axis.

M Rd = Cc ac + Ts a s (2.12)

where,
ac , as : The distance from neutral axis depth (or centroi, x to concrete, reinforcement rebar, tendon.
ηfcd
F s’
As’

λx
Fc

as'
ac
ap
as
Ap Fp
As
TFs
[Fi g. 2.10] Forces a nd di s ta nces from neutra l a xi s depth for MRd

1.4 Check moment resistance

M Ed ≤ M Rd (2.13)

where,
MEd : Design value of the applied internal bending moment.
MRd : Design moment resistance.

• Design load combination

In midas Civil, load combination to be used in RC design can be defined in Results>Load
combinations>Concrete Design tab. Moment resistance is verified with the most critical positive
and negative design moment among the load combinations specified as “ Strength/Stress” in
Active column.

Results > Load Combinations…

Design Guide for midas Civil 9

 [Fi g. 2.41] Loa d Combi na ti ons Input Di a l og

1.5 Verification of Rebar Ratio

(1) Minimum rebar ratio

In midas Civil, minimum rebar ratio of longitudinal reinforcement is applied as shown below.
 f IRC: 112-2011
As ,min = Min 0.26 ctm bt d ; 0.0013 bt d (2.14) (16.1)
 f yk
where,
bt : The mean width of the tension zone. For T-shape beam when top flange is in compression, bt
is applied as web width.

The verification of minimum rebar ratio can be selectively performed based on the option in
Limiting Maximum Rebar Ratio dialog box.The design results can be checked as shown in the
table below.
Design>RC Design>Limiting Rebar Ratio…

[Fi g. 2.52] Li mi ti ng Reba r Ra ti o di a l og box

(2) Maximum rebar ratio
In midas Civil, maximum rebar ratio is applied as below.
As ,max = 0.04 Ac (Columns) (2.15) IRC: 112-2011
16.5.1.1(2)
As , max = 0.025 Ac (Beams) (2.16)

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 10

2. Shear resistance
Limit state of shear resistance should satisfy the condition, VEd≤VRd.
Shear resistance, VRd, is calculated as follows.

2.1 Design strength of material

(1) Design compressive strength of concrete.

IRC: 112-2011
f cd = α cc f ck / γ c (2.17) 10.3.1

Using αcc= 0.67 for shear regardless of input value.

(2) Design yield strength of shear reinforcement.

IRC: 112-2011
f ywd = f yk γ s (2.18) 10.3.3
fywk : The characteristic yield strength of shear reinforcement.

2.2 Calculate shear resistance VRd

using EQ (10.1)

[Fi g. 2.13] Fl owcha rt to ca l cul a te VRd

(1) Calculate VRd,c

VRd , c = 0.12 K (80ρ l f ck )3 + 0.15σ cp bw d

1
(2.19)
  IRC: 112-2011
VRd ,c min ≥ (vmin + 0.15σ cp )bw d (2.20) (10.1)

where,
VRd,c : The design shear resistance without shear reinforcement.
bw : Smallest width of the cross-section in the tensile area.
d : The effective depth of cross-section.
ds : Distance from the centroid of tensile rebar to the extreme fiber of cross-section
h : Height of section.
σcp : NEd /Ac , In beam design , σcp is applied as zero since axial force is not considered

IRC: 112-2011
k = 1 + 200 / d ≤ 2.0 (2.21) 10.3.1, 10.3.2

Asl (2.22)
ρ1 = ≤ 0.02
bw d
vmin = 0.031k 3 / 2 f ck
1/ 2
(2.23)
(2) Calculate VRd,s

Design Guide for midas Civil 11

Shear resistance of members with shear reinforcement can be calculated depending on the type
of shear reinforcement.

[Ta ble 2.4] VRd,s a nd VRd,max, Asw,max

Type Vertical shear reinforcement
Asw IRC: 112-2011
VRd,s zf ywd cot θ
s (10.7), (10.8)
α cwbw zv1 f cd (10.10)
VRd,max
cot θ + tαn θ
Asw, max f ywd 1
Asw,max ≤ a cw v1 f cd
bw s 2

where,
VRd,s : The design value the shear force which can be sustained by the yielding shear reinforcement.
Θ : Angle between the concrete compression strut and the beam axis perpendicular to the shear force.
α : The angle between shear reinforcement and the beam axis perpendicular to the shear force.In
midas Civil, α is always applied as 90 degree.

IRC: 112-2011
Figure 10.2 (b)

[Fi g. 2.14] Trus s model a nd nota ti on for s hea r rei nforced members

Asw : The cross-sectional area of the shear reinforcement.

s : The spacing of stirrups.
z : Inner lever arm, z=0.9d for RC section
fywd : The design yield strength of the shear reinforcement. IRC: 112-2011
If ν 1= 0.6(1-fck /310), then fywd = fyk /gamma m 10.3.3.2, (10.6)
ν 1 : Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear.

[Ta ble 2.5] Strength reduction factor for concrete cra cked i n s hear, v1
Condition ν1 IRC: 112-2011
10.3.3.2, (10.6)
fck ≤ 80MPa 0.6
fck ≥ 80MPa 0.9-fck/250 >0.5

αcw : Coefficient taking account of the state of the stress in the compression chord.

[Ta ble 2.6] Coefficient αcw

IRC: 112-2011
Condition αcw (10.9)
0<σcp ≤ 0.25fcd 1+σcp/fcd
0.25 fcd <σcp ≤ 0.5fcd 1.25
0.5 fcd <σcp ≤ 1.0fcd 2.5(1-σcp/fcd)
σcp : The mean compressive stress, measured positive, in the concrete due to the design axial force.
(3) Calculate shear resistance VRd.
• The shear resistance of a member with shear reinforcement.

IRC: 112-2011
10.3.1
Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 12
 V Rd = V Rd , s + Vccd + Vtd (2.24)

where,
Vccd : The design value of the shear component of the force in the compression area, in the case of an
inclined compression chord.
Vtd : The design value of the shear component of the force in the tensile reinforcement, in the case of an
inclined tensile chord.

IRC: 112-2011
Figure 10.4

[Fi g. 2.15] Shea r component for members wi th i ncl i ned chords

In midas civil, inclined chord is not considered. Therefore the shear resistance is calculated using
shear reinforcement only.
V Rd = V Rd , s
IRC: 112-2011
• In regions of the member where VEd≤VRd,c minimum shear reinforcement is necessary. 10.3.2

V Rd = V Rd ,c

Shear reinforcement
Angle between concrete compression strut and beam axis, Θ, is entered in Concrete Design
Code
Dialog box.
Design>RC Design>Design Code…

[Fi g. 2.166] Li mi ti ng Reba r Ra ti o di a l og box

Stirrup data is entered in Beam Section Data for Design dialog box

In midas Civil, theangle between shear reinforcement and the beam axis is always applied as
90 degree
where,
Size: Diameter of shear reinforcement
Number : Leg Number of shear reinforcement
Dt : Distance from the centre of top rebar to top fiber of the cross section
Db : Distance from the centre of bottom rebar to bottom fiber of the cross section

Design>RC Design>Design Code…

Design Guide for midas Civil 13

 [Fi g. 2.17] Input s hea r rei nforcement

2.3 Check shear resistance

VEd ≤ VRd (2.25)

where,
VEd : Design value of the applied shear force.
VRd : Design shear resistance.

• Design load combination

In midas Civil, load combination to be used in PSC design can be defined in Results>Load
combinations>Concrete Design tab. Shear resistance is verified with the most critical minimum
and maximum design shear force among the load combinations specified as “ Strength/Stress”
in Active column.

2.4 Check the ratio and spacing of shear reinforcement

When no shear reinforcement is required, minimum shear reinforcement should be provided. In
this case , “s” obtained fro equation (5.28) is compared to “s l,max” for the shear rebar
verification.

Asw 0.072 f ck IRC: 112-2011

ρw = ≥ ρ w,min = (2.26) (16.4), (16.5)
sbw sin α f yk

s ≤ s l , mαx = 0.75d (1 + cot α )

IRC: 112-2011
(2.27) (16.6)

3. Verification of moment and shear resistance

By Result Tables

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 14

 The design results can be checked as shown in the table below.
Design>RC Design>Concrete Code Design > Beam Design…

[Fi g. 2.18] Res ul t ta bl e for mr res i s ta nce

By Report
Detail results can be verified in Graphic Report, Detail Report, and Summary Report.

Design > RC Design > Concrete Code Design > Beam Design …

[Fi g. 2.19] Gra phi c Report for Bea m Des i gn

Design Guide for midas Civil 15

[Fi g. 2.20] Deta i l a nd Summa ry Report for Bea m Des i gn

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 16

 Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC:112-2011

Serviceability Limit States

1. Stress for cross section
Stress verification will be performed for the concrete and reinforcement at the top and bottom
fiber.
σc ≤ σca , σs ≤ σsa
Tensile stresses in concrete and reinforcement are calculated based on the centroid in the
transformed section.

1.1 Allowable tensile stress of concrete

(1) Allowable tensile stress of concrete

 h
f ctm . fl = Max 1.6 − f ctm ; f ctm (2.28)
 1000

where,
fctm.fl : mean flexural tensile strength of solid beam
IRC: 112- 2011
fctm : The mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete. (6.6)
h: total depth of member in mm Table 6.5

[Ta ble 2.7] Mea n value of a xial tensile s trength, fctm

IRC: 112- 2011
Condition fctm (A2.2)
2/3
fck ≤ 60 MPa 0.259fck
fck > 60 MPa 2.27 ln(1+(fcm/12.5))

fcm : The mean compressive strength at 28 days

f cm = f ck + 10 MPa (2.29) IRC: 112- 2011

(A2.1)

σ cm = k1 f ck (2.30)

fck : The concrete compressive strength

k 1,k 3: is applied as shown in the table below. The can directly enter the values for k 1, k 3

[Ta ble 2.8] Coefficient for stress limitation k 1, k 3

IRC 112 k1 k3 IRC: 112- 2011
12.2.1
Recommended 0.48 0.8

Coefficient k1 ,k3 for Stress Limitation

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 17

 [Fi g. 2.21] Input Coeffi ci ent k 1,k 3 for s tres s l i mi ta ti on

1.2 Allowable tensile stress of reinforcement

s sa = k3 f yk (2.31)
where,
fyk : The characteristic yield strength of reinforcement.

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 18

 2. Crack width
Cracking shall be limited to satisfy the following condition.
Crack width, wk ≤ Crack width limit, wmax

2.1 Calculate crack widths

(1) Determine εsm-εcm

(1 + α ρ )
f ct ,eff
s s − kt
ρ p ,eff e p , eff
ss IRC: 112- 2011
=ee
sm − cm ≥ 0.6 (2.32) (12.6)
Es Es
where,
εsm : The mean strain in the reinforcement under the relevant combination of loads, including the effect of
imposed deformations, restrained thermal and shrinkage effects and taking into account the effects
of tensile stiffening.
εcm : The mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
σs : The stress in the tension reinforcement assuming a cracked section.
αe : The ratio of Es/Ecm.
Es : The design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel.
Ecm : The secant modulus of elasticity of concrete. IRC: 112- 2011
k t : The factor dependent on the duration of the load which may be taken as 0.5. 12.3.4(2)

0.3
 f  IRC: 112- 2011
Ecm = 22 ctm  (2.33) (A2-5)
 12.5 
IRC: 112- 2011
f ct ,eff = f ctm (2.34) 12.3.4

As
ρ p ,eff = (2.35) IRC: 112- 2011
Ac ,eff (12.7)

Ac,eff : The effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement of depth, hc,ef.

 h−x h
=hc ,ef min  2.5 ( h − d ) , , (2.36)
 3 2 

IRC: 112- 2011

Figure 12.2

[Fi g. 2.22] Effecti ve tens i on a rea (typi ca l ca s es )

Design Guide for midas Civil 19

 (2) Determine s r,max
The maximum crack spacing, s r,max is calculated as shown in the table below.

[Ta ble 2.9] Ma xi mum cra ck spacing, s r,max

Condition s r,max
IRC: 112- 2011
0.425k1k2f
Spacing ≤ 5(c+φ/2) k c+ (12.8)
3
ρ p , eff
IRC: 112- 2011
Spacing > 5(c+φ/2) or 1.3(h − x ) (12.12)
No bonded reinforcement

where,
φ : The bar diameter. Where a mixture of bar diameters is used in a section, an equivalent diameter, φeq,
should be used.
For a section with n1 bars of diameter φ1 and n2 bars of diameter φ2 .

n1φφ
1 + n2 2
2 2
φeq = (2.37)
n1φφ
1 + n2 2

c : The cover to the longitudinal reinforcement.

k 1 : A coefficient which takes account of the bond properties of the bonded reinforcement.

[Ta ble 2.10] Coefficient k 1

Condition k1 IRC: 112- 2011
12.3.4
High bond bars 0.8
Bars with an effectively plan surface 1.6

k 2 : A coefficient which takes account of the distribution of strain.

[Ta ble 2.11] Coefficient k 2

Condition k2
Bending 0.5
Pure Tension 1.0

k 3 = 3.4
k 4 = 0.425 (Fixed)

(3) Calculate the design crack width, wk

=wk sr ,max ( ε sm − ε cm ) (2.38) IRC: 112- 2011

12.3.4

2.2 Get a limiting calculated crack width, wmax

(1) Recommended values of wmax (mm)

[Ta ble 2.12] Li miting crack width, w max

Reinforced Members IRC: 112- 2011
Exposure Table 12.1
Class Quasi Frequent
Moderate 0.3 Not Checked
Severe 0.3 Not Checked
Very Severe
0.2 Not Checked
and Extreme

Exposure Class
Exposure class can be defined by members in the following dialog box.

Chapter 2. RC Frame Design: IRC 112 20

 Design > RC Design > Serviceability Parameters…

[Fi g. 2.23] Defi ne expos ure cl a s s for cra ck

Serviceability limit state is changed depending on the load combination type (Quasi-permanent,
Frequent and Characteristic). The service load combinations can be classified in Serviceability
Load combination type dialog box. Stress, Crack, and Deflection Verifications are performed for
the clasiified load combinations.
Design > Common Parameters > Serviceability Load Combination Type

[Fi g. 2.24] Servi cea bi l i ty Loa d Combi na ti on

2.3 Check crack width at service loads

wk ≤ wmax (2.39)

3. Deflection
Deflection verification is performed by comparing the deflection of the member to the
deflection limit. Deflection is verified for Quasi-permament and Characteristic load
combinations. The limit value is specified by the user in Serviceability Parameter dialog box.
Design > RC Design > Serviceability Parameters…

[Fi g. 2.25] Defl ecti on Control

Design Guide for midas Civil 21