ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

Cebu: 4TH Flr. Villacampa-Capuras Bldg., Sanciangco St. Cebu City (Tel # 254-33-84)
Manila Branch: 3rd floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438

POWER & INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REFRESHER SET 5

INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your choice.

30. If the air required for combustion is 20 kg per kg of coal and the boiler uses 3000 kg of coal per hr, determine the
mass of gas entering the chimney. Assume an ash loss of 20%.
A. 48,644 kg/hr B. 62,400 kg/hr C. 62,550 kg/hr D. 50,500 kg/hr

Solution:

mf = 3,000 kg/hr
ma
 20
mf
ma
 20
3,000
ma = 60,000 kg/hr
mash = 0.2 mf = 0.20(3,000) = 600 kg/hr

By mass balance:
ma + mf = mg + mash
60,000 + 3,000 = mg + 600
mg = 62,400 kg/hr

34. A centrifugal pump discharged 20 L/s against a head of 17 m when the speed is 1500 rpm. The diameter of the
impeller was 30 cm and the brake horsepower was 8.0. A geometrically similar pump 40 cm in diameter is to run at 1750
rpm. Assuming equal efficiencies, what brake horsepower is required?
A. 53.53 HP B. 50.15 HP C. 40.14 HP D. 45.53 HP

Solution:

New brake horsepower required:

3 5
P2  N 2   D2 
   
P1  N 1   D1 
3 5
P2  1750   40 
   
8  1500   30 
P2 = 53.53 Hp

35. A pump delivers 25 cfm of water having a density of 62 lb/ft3. The suction and discharge gage reads 5 in. Hg vacuum
and 30 psi respectively. The discharge gage is 5 ft above the suction gage. If pump efficiency is 70%, what is the motor
power ?
A. 5.39 Hp B. 3.64 Hp C. 4.31 Hp D. 6.11 Hp

Solution:

Solving for head:

h
Pd  Ps
z
30  5x14.7 / 29.92144  5  80.38 ft
w 62

Solving for brake power:

wQ h / e 62 (25) (80.38) / 0.70
BP    5.39 HP
33,000 33,000
36. Calculate the brake power of a fan with efficiency of 88% that delivers 1200 m3/min of air through a 1 m by 1.5 m
outlet. Static pressure is 120 mm WG and density of air is 1.18 kg/m3.
A. 20.45 kW B. 25.64 kW C. 29.14 kW D. 35.64 kW

Solution:

Q=Av
1200/60 = (1 x 1.5) v
v = 13.33 m/s

Solving for total head:

v 2 hw ww 13.332 (0.120)(1000)
h  hv  hs      110.755m
2g wa 2 (9.81) 1.18

Solving for brake power:

BP = w Q h/e
BP = (1.18 x 0.00981)(1200/60)(110.755)/0.88 = 29.14 KW

38. During takeoff in a spaceship, an astronaut is subjected to acceleration equal to 5 times the pull of the earth’s
standard gravity. If the astronaut is 180 lbm and the takeoff is vertical, what force does he exert on the seat?
A. 4804.9 N B. 4614.5 N C. 8729 N D. 9620 N

Solution:

ΣFVERTICAL = 0

Since accelerate by moving upward:

F = force exerted on the seat
F = W + W/g a
�
� = �(1 + ) -------- � = 5�
�
180 5�9.81
�= �9.81 1+
2.205 9.81

F = 4804.90 N

40. A barometer can be used to measure an airplane’s altitude by comparing the barometric pressure at a given flying
altitude to that on the ground. Determine an airplane’s altitude if the pilot measures the barometric pressure at 700 mm-
Hg, the ground reports it at 758 mm-Hg, and the average air density is 1.19 kg/m3. g = 9.8 m/s2.
A. 987 m B. 633 m C. 788 m D. 662 m

Solution.

Solving for the change in pressure in KPa:

ΔP = Pground - Pabove
ΔP = (758 – 700 ) mm-Hg (101.325 kPa / 760 mm-Hg) = 7.732 kPa

Soving for the airplane’s height:

ΔP =w (h)
7.732 = (1.19 x 0.0098) h
h = 662.33 m

42. A mixture of 0.4 lbm of helium and 0.2 lbm of oxygen is compressed polytropically from 14.7 psia and 600F to 60 psia
according to n = 1.4. Determine the Polytropic work.
A. 136 Btu B. 139 Btu C. 339 Btu D. 539 Btu
Solution.
�1
m=mHe + mO2 = 0.4+0.2= 0.6 lb %�1 =
� +� 1 2
n1
T2  P2 n
 
T1  P1 
1.41
T2  60  1.4
 
(60  460)  14.7 
T2 = 777.19oR

Solving for R of mixture:

Rm = %mhe RHe + %mOxygen Roxygen
Rm = [0.4/(0.4 + 0.2)](1545/4) + [0.2/(0.4 + 0.2)](1545/32) = 273.59 ft-lb/lb-R

Solving for the Polytropic Work:

m R (T2  T1 ) (0.4  0.2) (273.59 / 778) (777.19  520)
W   135.67 Btu
n 1 1.4  1
43. A pump in a municipality’s water-supply system receives water from the filtration beds and pumps it up to the top of a
water tower. The tower’s height is 35 m, and the inlet piping to the pump is 2 m below the pump’s intake. The water
temperature is 20oC, measured at both the inlet and the discharge from the pump. The mass flow rate through the pump
is 100 kg/s, the diameter of the inlet piping is 25 cm, and the diameter of the discharge piping is 15 cm. Determine the
power required by the pump.
A. 77.3 kW B. 37.69 kW C. 34.42 kW D. 42.34 kW

Solution.

Solving for the velocities:

Q = m v= 100 kg/s x 1 li/kg = 100 li/s = 0.10 m3/s
Q  Av
0.10 = π/4 (0.25)2 v1
v1 = 2.0372 m/s

0.10 = π/4 (0.15)2 v2

v2 = 5.659 m/s

Solving for total head:

v 2  v12 5.6592  2.03722
h 2  ( z2  z1 )   [35  (2)]  38.42 m
2g 2(9.81)
Wp = w Q h = 9.81 (0.10)(38.42) = 37.69 KW

44. An adiabatic tank containing air is used to power an air turbine during times of peak power demand. The tank has a
volume of 450 m3 and contains air at 1000 kPa and 500oK. Determine the mass remaining when the pressure reaches
100 kPa.
A. 605.45 kg B. 672.73 kg C. 772.73 kg D. 227.73 kg

Solution:

Since the tank is adiabatic during expansion, the process is isentropic:

n1
T2  P2  n
 
T1  P1 
1.41
T2  100  1.4
 
500  1000
T2 = 258.97oK

Solving for final mass:

P2 V2 = m2 R T2
100 (450) = m2 (0.287)(258.97)
m2 = 605.45 kg

45. Determine the actual air-fuel ratio on a molar basis for the complete combustion of octane, with 10% excess.
A. 59.52 molari / molfuel B. 69.54 molari / molfuel C. 79.51 molari / molfuel D. 65.45 molari / molfuel

Solution:

For Octane: C8 H18

�
2�+
�= 2
2

8(2)  18 / 2
x  12.5
2
Molal A/F actual = 4.76 (x)(1+e) = 4.76 (12.5)(1+0.1) = 65.45 mol air/mol fuel

46. One kilogram of air is compressed adiabatically and in a steady-flow manner. The compression efficiency is 80% and
the work done on the air is 265 kJ/kg. Compute the heat.
A. 212 kJ/kg B. 100 kJ/kg C. 0 kJ/kg D. 331.25 kJ/kg

Solution:

For adiabatic process: Q = 0

47. A single acting air compressor with a clearance of 6% takes in air at atmospheric pressure and temperature of
850F, and discharges it at a pressure of 85 psia. The air handled is 0.25 ft3 / cycle measured at discharge pressure. If
the compression is isentropic, find the piston displacement per cycle, if the compressor is running at 750 rpm.
A. 1 ft3/cycle B. 2 ft3/cycle C. 3 ft3/cycle D. 4 ft3/cycle

Solution.
Solving for volumetric efficiency
1/ n 1/ 1.4
P   85 
ev  1  c  c 2   1  0.06  0.06    0.8498
 P1   14.7 

Solving for V1:

P1 V1k = P2 V2k
14.7V11.4 = 85(0.25)1.4
V1 = 0.8756 ft3/cycle

Solving for VD:

V
ev  1
VD
0.8756
0.8498 
VD
VD = 1.03 ft3/cycle

48. A single acting air compressor with a clearance of 6% takes in air at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 850F,
and discharges it at a pressure of 85 psia. The air handled is 0.25 ft3 / cycle measured at discharge pressure. If the
compression is isentropic, find the air hp of the compressor if rpm is 750.
A. 87.94 hp B. 90.94 hp C. 95.94 hp D. 98.94 hp

Solution:

Solving for volumetric efficiency

1/ n 1/ 1.4
P   85 
ev  1  c  c 2   1  0.06  0.06    0.8498
 P1   14.7 
Solving for VD:
P1 V1n = P2 V2n
14.7V11.4 = 85(0.25)1.4
V1 = 0.8756 ft3/cycle-------- =0.8756 ft3/cycle (750rev/min)= 656.7 ft3/min
V
ev  1
VD
0.8756
0.8498  ------------------ (1rev=1cycle)
VD
VD = 1.0304 ft3/cycle x 750rev/min = 772.80 ft3/min

V1’ = ev VD = 0.8498 (772.80) = 656.7 ft3/min = V1

Solving for power:

 n1  1.41
 
n P1 V1 '  P2  n  (1.4) (14.7 x144) (656.47)  85  1.4
W    1   1  95.94 HP
n  1  P1  (1.4  1)(33,000)  14.7  
   
 

49. A nozzle receives 0.5 kg/s of air at a pressure of 2700 kPa and a velocity of 40 m/s and with an enthalpy of 923 kJ/kg,
and the air leaves at a pressure of 700 kPa and with an enthalpy of 600 kJ/kg. Determine the exit velocity from the nozzle.
A. 923 m/s B. 805 m/s C. 707 m/s D. 660 m/s

Solution:

ENERGY IN = ENERGY OUT

KE1 + h1 = KE2 + h2
KE1 – KE2 = h2 – h1 ------- h---kJ/kg and V--- m/s
v12 v 2
 2  h2  h1
2000 2000
402 v2
 2  600  923
2000 2000
v2 = 804.74 m/s
50. A two-stage, double-acting compressor is to deliver 90 lb/min of air form 14.3 psia and 900F to a final pressure of 185
psia. The normal barometer is 29.8 in-Hg and the temperature is 700F. The pressure drop in the intercooler is 3 psi
and the speed is 210 rpm and pV1.34 = C during compression and expansion. The clearance is 5% for both cylinders. The
temperature of the cooling water increase by 180F. Find the volume of free air.
A. 1282 CFM B. 1206 CFM C. 1320 CFM D. 1822 CFM
Solution:
Discharge condition: 185 psia
Suction condition: 90 lb/min ,14.3 pisa, 90oF, ---- point 1
Free air condition: 29.8 in Hg, 70oF----- point 2

V1 = volume at suction
P1 V1 = m R T1
(14.3 x 144) V1 = 90 (53.3)(90 + 460)
V1 = 1281.25 ft3

Free air to Suction air: Any process

P1 V1 P2 V2

T1 T2
(14.3)(1281.25) (29.8x14.7 / 29.92)Va

(90  460) (70  460)
Va = free air volume = 1205.90 ft3/min

51. Consider 4800 lb of steam per hour flowing through a pipe at 100 psia pressure. Assume a velocity of 5280 ft/min.
What size of pipe is required? Specific volume of steam at 100 psia v = 4.432 ft3/lb.
A. 3.0 in B. 3.5 in C. 4.0 in D. 4.50 in

Solution:

m=wAv

4800/60 = (1/4.432)(π/4 d2)(5280)

d = 0.292 ft = 3.509 inches

52. A boiler plant generates 225,000 lb of steam and burns 13.9 tons of coal per hour. The coal has a heating value of
11,400 Btu/lb. A test of the particulates leaving the boiler shows that 3804 lb of particulate is being discharged per hour.
What is the particulate discharged per million Btu heat input to the furnace?
A. 12 lb / 106 Btu B. 14 lb / 106 Btu C. 15 lb / 106 Btu D. 16 lb/ 106 Btu

Solution:

Furnace heat input, Qg = mf Qh = (13.9 x 2000) 11,400 = 317 x 106 Btu /hr
��
���� �� ��
Particulate discharged per million boiler Btu = ��
��� = ������
�������
��

54. A liquid with a specific gravity of 1.26 is being pumped in a pipeline from A to B. At A, the pipe diameter is 60 cm and
the pressure is 300 kN/m2. At B, the pipe diameter is 30 cm and the pressure is 330 kN/m2. Point B is 1.0 m lower than A.
Find the flow rate if the pump puts 20 kW into the flow. Neglect head loss.
A. 4.2 m3/s B. 0.463 m3/s C. 2.454 m3/s D. 0.24 m3/s

Solution:
Solving for velocities in terms of Q:
Q=Av
Q = π/4 (0.6)2 v1
v1 = 3.5368 Q
Q = π/4 (0.3)2 v2
v2 = 14.147 Q

Solving for head in terms of Q:

P2  P1 v2 2  v12
h   ( z2  z1 )
w 2g
330  300 (14.147Q) 2  (3.5368Q) 2
h   (0 1)  1.427  9.563Q2
(1.26x9.81) 2(9.81)
Wp = w Q h
20 = (1.26 X 9.81)(Q)(1.427 + 9.63Q2)
Q = 0.463 m3/s
55. A reciprocating compressor handles 1,500 cfm of air measured at intake where P1 = 18 psia and t1 = 900F. The
discharge pressure is 92 psia. Calculate the work if the process of the compression is isothermal.
A. -180.5 hp B. -179.5 hp C. -227.6 hp D. -192.21 hp

Solution:

For isothermal process:

 P  (18x144)(1500)  92 
W  P1 V1 ln  1   ln    192.21HP
 P2  33,000  18 
Since work is done on, then W = -192.21 hp

56. The fuel oil has the ff. analysis:

C= 89% N2= 2% H2= 8% S= 1%
With 15% excess air, what is the actual amount of air needed to burn the fuel oil?
A. 13.00 kgair/kgfuel B. 13.47 kgair/kgfuel C. 15.00 kgair/kgfuel D. 14.17 kgair/kgfuel

Solution: Given ultimate analysis,

A  O
 11.5C  34.5 H    4.3 S ---- theo
F  8
A  0
 11.5(0.89)  34.5 0.08    4.3(0.01)  13.038 x 1.15  15kg air / kg fuel --- actual
F  8

58. A room contains air at 23o Celsius and 96 kPa at a relative humidity of 75%. Determine the enthalpy of moist air
where: (Psat @ 23o Celsius = 2.339 kPa) (hg @ 23o Celsius = 2538.1 KJ/kg da)
Given: Unsaturated air (0 %< Ø < 100 %) td = 23oC P = 96 kPa Ø = 75 %
A. 55.40 KJ/kgda B. 45.51 KJ/kgda C. 52.40 KJ/kgda D. 41.81 KJ/kgda

Solution:

Pv
RH 
Psat
Pv
0.75 
2.339
Pv = 1.75425 kPa

Solving for enthalpy:

Pv 1.75425
w  0.622  0.622  0.011577kg / kg da
P  Pv 96  1.75425
h = cp td + whg = 1(23) + 0.011577(2538.1) = 52.38 KJ/kg da
59. A piston moves inside a cylinder at a velocity of 6.0 m/s. The 160 mm diameter piston is centrally located within the
160.2 mm inside diameter cylinder. The film of oil is separating the piston from the cylinder has an absolute viscosity of
0.4 N-s/m2. Assuming a linear velocity profile, find the shear stress in the oil. ( T = µ(v / H))
A. 50,000 N/m2 B. 40,000 N/m2 C. 24,000 N/m2 D. 34,000 N/m2

Solution:

Given:
µ = 0.40 N-s/m2
v = 5 m/s
�−� 160.2−160
H = thickness of oil film = = = 0.1�� = 0.0001�
2 2
T = µ(v / H)
�
�−� � �
� = �. �� ��
�
�.�����
= ��, ��� ��
60. A centrifugal pump with a 3 ft. impeller diameter operates at 800 rpm. If the speed is to be increased to 1200 rpm,
determine the impeller diameter that should be used so that the same shaft input power would be required.
A. 5.32 ft. B. 2.35 ft. C. 5.23 ft. D. 2.93 ft.

Solution:

3 5
P2  N 2   D2 
   
P1  N1   D1 
For same power: P1 = P2
3 5
 1200   D2 
1    
 800   3 
D2 = 2.35 ft

61. Determine the mass of water vapor contained in a 170 m3 room at 100 kPa, 23°C and 40% relative humidity. From
Steam Tables: Psat @ 23°C = 2.810 KPa.
A. 1.3974 kg B. 1.9342 kg C. 1.2342 kg D. 2.2342 kg

Solution:

Pv = RH (Psat) = 0.40(2.810) = 1.124 KPa

Molecular weight of vapor: H2O ------ M = 2 + 16 = 18
Pv Vv = mv Rv Tv
1.124 (170) = mv (8.314/18)(23 + 273)
mv = 1.3974 kg

62. Consider 1 kg of air at 32oC that expanded by a reversible polytropic process with n = 1.25 until the pressure is
halved. Determine the heat transfer. Specific heat at constant volume for air is 0.1786 kJ/kg.K.
A. 17.02 kJ heat rejected B. 17.02 kJ heat added
C. 4.23 kJ heat rejected D. 7.05 kJ heat added

Solution:

T1 = 32 + 273 = 305 K
n1
T2  P2  n
 
T1  P1 
0.251
T2  P /2 0.25
  1 
(32  273)  P1 
T2 = 265.52 K

 k n  1.4 1.25 

cn  cv    0.1786   0.10716KJ / kg  K
 1  n   1 1.25 
Q = m cv (T2 – T1) = (1)(- 0.10716)(265.52 – 305)
Q = 4.23 KJ/kg (heat rejected since temperature decreasing)

63. A Carnot cycle uses nitrogen ( k = 1.399) as the working substance. The heat supplied is 70 kJ and the adiabatic
expansion ratio is 10. Determine the heat rejected.
A. 10 kJ B. 32.4 kJ C. 21.6 kJ D. 28 kJ

Solution:

1 1
e  1 k 1
 1 1.3991
 0.60 = W/QA
rk 10
W = QA x e = 70 (0.60) = 42 KJ
QR = QA – W = 70 – 42 = 28 KJ
64. A tank contains 20 kg of air at 200 kPa (gage) and 23oC. During heating process the temperature of air rises. For
safety purposes a technician installed a relief-type valve so that pressure of air inside the tank never exceed 280 kPa
(gage). At what air temperature the relief valve will start releasing air?
A. 112oC B. 92oC C. 82oC D. 102oC

Solution:

For constant volume process:

P2 T2

P1 T1
T2 (280 101.325)

(23  273) (200 101.325)
T2 = 374.58oK
t2 = 101.58oC

65. An air compressor takes in 9 kg/min of air at 98 kPa; v1 = 0.125 m3/kg and discharges it at 680 kPa; v2 = 0.03 m3/kg.
The increase of internal energy is 93 kJ/kg and the work done on air is 170 kJ/kg; the change in potential and kinetic
energy are neglected. How much heat is transferred per kg of air?
A. 68.85 KJ/kg B. 61.85 kJ C. 88.65 kJ/kg D. 78.15 kJ/kg

Solution:

Wf1 = P1 v1 = (98) (0.125) = 12.25 kJ/kg

Wf2 = P2 v2 = (680) (0.03) = 20.4 kJ/kg

By energy balance:
U1 + Wf1 + W = U2 + Wf2 + Q
But: U2 = U1 + 93
U1 + 12.25 + 170 = (U1 + 93) + 20.4 + Q
Q = 68.85 KJ/kg

66. During a reversible process there are abstracted 317 kJ/s from 1.134 kg/s of a certain gas while the temperature
remains constant at 26.7oC. For this gas cp = 2.232 and cv = 1.713 kJ/kg.K. The initial pressure is 586 kPa. Determine
the final volume flow rate.
A. 2.301 m3/s B. 1.03 m3/s C. 1.82 m3/s D. 4.05 m3/s
Solution:

For constant temperature process:

cp = cv + R
2.232 = 1.713 + R
R = 0.519 kJ/kg.K

P1 V1 = m R T1
586 (V1) = 1.134 (0.519)(26.7 + 273)
V1 = 0.301 m3/s

V 
Q  P1 V1 ln 2  ----- at T= constant
 V1 
 V 
317  (586) (0.301) ln 2 
 0.301
V2 = 1.816 m3/s

67. A farmer is to plant rice in a rectangular field 30 meters by 40 meters. He started on the edge and plant around the
perimeter. How wide a strip should he plant for each side in order to do half the work?
A. 5 m B. 2.5 m C. 3 m D. 5.5 m

SOLUTION:

Half the work means: Aplanted = ½ Atotal

Aplanted = ½ Atotal
(30 – 2x)(40 – 2x) + ½ (30)(40)= 30(40)
(1200 – 140x + 4x2) = 600
1200 -140x +4x2 = 600
4x2 – 140x + 600 = 0
Using calculator:
x=5m
68. Find the root mean square of 11, 23 and 35.
A. 25 B. 27 C. 26 D. 24

SOLUTION:

(�1 )2 +(�2 )2 +…+(�� )2

��� =
�
112  232  352
rms   25
3

69. Determine the distance travelled by a particle between a time interval of 0.2 second to 0.3 second if its velocity is
v = 12t4 + 7/t, where v is in cm/s and t in seconds.
A. 3.75 cm B. 2.84 cm C. 2.75 cm D. 3.84 cm

SOLUTION:

7
v  12 t 4 
t
t2
S 
t1
v dt

4 7
0.30 
S  12 t   dt  2.84
0.20  t

70. A pole cast a shadow 15 m long when the angle of elevation of the sun is 61o. If the pole has lean 15o from the
vertical directly toward the sun, what is the length of the pole?
A. 64.84 m B. 48.64 m C. 36.84 cm D. 54.23 m

SOLUTION:

L = pole length

θ = 90 + 15 = 105o
α = 61o
β = 180o – 61o – 105o = 14o

By sine law:
L 15

sin sin 
L 15

sin 61 sin14o
o

L=54.23 m

71. What is the angle between the two given vectors A and B?
A = 4i + 12j + 5k B = 24i – 10j + 6k
A. -84.32o B. 84.32o C. 89.05o D. 122.36o
SOLUTION:
�1 �2 + �1 �2 + �1 �2
���� =
(�1 )2 + (�1 )2 + (�1 )2 (�2 )2 + (�2 )2 + (�2 )2
4 24 + 12 −10 + 5(6)
���� =
(4)2 + (12)2 + (5)2 (24)2 + ( − 10)2 + (6)2
� = ��. �� ���

72. What is the suppliment of an angle whose compliment is 62o?

A. 152o B. 118o C. 28o D. 60o

SOLUTION:

Complimentary angle = C = 90 - θ
62 = 90 – θ
θ = 28o

Supplimentary angle = S = 180 – θ = 180o – 28o = 152o

73. A certain angle has a supplimentary five times its compliment. What is the angle?
A. 186o B. 168.5o C. 67.5o D. 157.5o

SOLUTION:

Complimentary angle = C = 90 – θ
Supplimentary angle = S = 180 – θ

S=5C
180 – θ = 5 (90 – θ)
180 – θ = 450 - 5θ
4θ = 270o
θ = 67.50o

74. From the top of tower A, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower B is 46o. From the foot of tower B to the top of
tower A is 28o. Both towers are on a level ground. If the height of tower B is 120 m, how high is tower A?
A. 42.3 m B. 44.1 m C. 40.7 m D. 38.6 m

SOLUTION:

120  h
tan 46o 
x
120 h
x ------------ 1
tan 46o
h
tan 28o 
x
h
x ------------ 2
tan 28o

Equate 1 and 2:
h 120  h
o

tan 28 tan 46o
Using calculator:
h = 40.71 m

75. The volume of the cube is increasing at a rate of 5 cu. m per minute. Determine the rate at which the surface area is
increasing in m2/min, when its side is 10 m.
A. ½ B. 1.75 C. 1.5 D. 2

SOLUTION:

V = x3
dV/dt = 3x2 dx/dt
5 = 3(10)2 dx/dt
dx/dt = 1/60 m/min

A = 6x2 ---- total surface area

dA/dx = 12x dx/dt
dA/dx = 12(10)(1/60) = 2 m2/min
..
x x.
x
81. Solve the value of x from the following equation: x  10 .
A. 1.258925 B. 1.892525 C. 1.85925 D. 1.528925

SOLUTION:

 . 
 x x. 
x 
 
x  10

Take ln both sides:

 . 
 x x.. 
x 
 
 
ln x  
 ln 10
 x x... 
 x 
x  ln x  ln 10
 
 
10 lnx = ln10

Using calculator:
x = 1.258925
82. If vector A is 10 units and vector B, which makes 60o with vector A, is 20 units. What is the difference of vectors A
and B?
A. 15.34 unit B. 13.45 units C. 18.76 units D. 17.32 units

SOLUTION:

Using calculator with complex operations:

Difference = 10 L0o - 20 L60o = 17.32 units

83. It is now between 3 and 4 o’clock in twenty minutes the minute hand will be as much as the hour-hand as it is now
behind it. What is the time now?
A. 3:06.36 B. 3:03.66 C. 3:36.06 D. 3:30.66

SOLUTION:

From the figure shown:

20 = 2y + 20/12
y = 9.167

x + y = (15 + x/12)
x = 15 + x/12 – 9.167
x = 6.36 minutes

Time: 3:06.36

85. Determine the diameter of a circle, x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0.

A. 9 units B. 11 units C. 12 units D. 10 units

SOLUTION:

x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0
x2 - 6x + y2 + 4y = 12
By completing the square:
(x2 – 6x + 9) + (y2 + 4y + 4) = 12 + 9 + 4
(x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 = 52
� − ℎ 2 + � − � 2 = �2
r=5
D = 2 r = 2 (5) = 10 units

88. Simplify i1997 + i1999 here i is an imaginary number.

A. 0 B. i C. 1 + i D. 1 - i

SOLUTION: i2 = -1
i1997 + i1999 = i1996 . i + i1998 . i
= (i2)998 . i + (i2)999 . i
= i + (-1) . i
=i–i=0
90. Determine the outside diameter of a hollow steel tube that will carry a tensile load of 500 KN at a stress of 140 Mpa.
Assume the wall thickness to be one-tenth of the outside diameter.
A. 123 mm B. 103 mm C. 113 mm D. 93 mm

SOLUTION:

t = 1/10 Do
Do = 10t
Di = Do – 2t = 10t – 2t = 8t

F
S
A
500
140,000 =
�
A = 0.00357143 m2

A

4
D
o 2
 Di 2 ---- hollow

0.00357143  (10t ) 
 2
 (8t ) 2
4
t = 0.011238 m = 11.238 mm
Do = 10 t = 10 (11.238) = 112.38 mm
91. How many months will it take for an investment to double at an annual interest rate of 18% compounded monthly?
A. 36 month B. 47 month C. 54 month D. 50 month

SOLUTION: � = 2�

i = 0.18/12 = 0.015

� = � 1+� �
2� = � 1 + 0.015 �
2 = 1.015 �
��2 = �(��1.015)
� = ��. �� ������ ��� �� ������

92. The amount of P3000 was deposited in a bank account 10 years ago, and today it is worth P9786. The bank pays
interest quarterly. What was the annual interest compounded annually paid on this account?
A. 12% B. 14% C. 13.5% D. 18.2%

SOLUTION: m= 4 (quarterly)

n = 10 (4) = 40
� �
� = � 1 + ��
1
� �
��
�
= �
−1
1
9,786 40
��
4
= 3,000
−1
�� = ��%
94. A young woman, 21 years old, has just graduated from college. She accepts a good job and desires to establish her
own retirement fund. At the end of each year thereafter she plans to deposit P5,000 in a fund at 15% annual interest.
How old she be when the fund has an accumulated value of P1,000,000?
A. 35 yrs old B. 46 yrs old C. 53 yrs old D. 30 yrs old

SOLUTION:

 (1  i ) n  1 
FR  
 i 
 (1  0.15) n  1 
1,000,000  5,000  
 0.15 
n = 24.57 or 25 years
Age of woman = 21 + 25 = 46 years old

95. Determine the accumulated amount of an annuity consisting of 10 payments of P120,000 each, the payment are
made at the beginning of each year. Money is worth 15% compounded annually.
A. P2,501,913 B. P2,601,913 C. P2,701,913 D. P2,801,913

SOLUTION:

If payments are made at the beginning of each year: (Annuity due)

 (1  i ) n  1 
PR  n 
R
 (1  i ) i 
 (1  0.15) 9  1 
P  120,000  9   120,000  P 692,590
 (1  0.15) (0.15) 
F10 = P (1 + i)10 = 692,590 (1 + 0.15)10 = P2,801,913
96. A contract has been signed to lease a building at P150,000 per year with an annual increase of P1,500 for 8 years.
Payments are to be made at the end of each year, starting one year from now. The prevailing interest rate is 7%. What
lump sum paid today would be equivalent to the 8-year lease-payment plan?
A. P746,609 B. P847,609 C. P923,878 D. P649,609

SOLUTION: R= P150,000, G= P1,5000, i = 7%, n=8yrs

 (1  i ) n  1   (1  i ) n  1 n 
PR  n 
G  n 2
 
 (1  i ) i   (1  i ) i (1  i ) n i 
 (1  0.07)8  1   (1  0.07)8  1 8 
P  150,000  8   1,500  8 2
 8 
 (1  0.07) 0.07   (1  0.07) (0.07) (1  0.07) 0.07 
P = P923,878

97. A mechanical Engineer who was awarded a P450,000 contract to install the machineries of an oil mill failed to finish
on time. As provided for the contract, he has to pay a daily penalty equivalent to one fourth of one percent of the
contract price for ten days of the delay, one-half percent per day for every day thereon. If the total penalty was
P60750.00, how many days was the completion of the contract delayed?
A. 25 days B. 32 days C. 27 days D. 28 days

SOLUTION:
P = Php 450,000
x = number of days of contract delayed

Penalty = ¼(1%) (P) (10) + ½% (P) (x -10)

60750 = (0.0025)(450,000)(10) + 0.005(450,000)(x – 10)
x = 32 days
99. If you obtain a loan of P800,000 at the rate of 12% compounded monthly in order to build a house, how much must
you pay monthly to amortize the loan within a period of ten years?
A. P14,980.60 B. P13,785.55 C. P11,477.67 D. P13,994.64

SOLUTION:

n = 10 (12) = 120
i = 0.12/12 = 0.01
 (1  i ) n  1 
PR  n 
 (1  i ) i 
 (1  0.01)120  1 
800,000  R  120 
 (1  0.01) (0.01) 
R = P11,477.67