2

14 Physics

Motion in a Straight
Line
Distance, Displacement & TOPIC 2 Non-uniform Motion
TOPIC 1
Uniform Motion
1. A particle is moving with speed v = b x along positive 6. The velocity (v) and time (t) graph of a body in a straight
line motion is shown in the figure. The point S is at 4.333
x-axis. Calculate the speed of the particle at time t = t (assume
seconds. The total distance covered by the body in 6 s is:
that the particle is at origin at t = 0). [12 Apr. 2019 II]
[05 Sep. 2020 (II)]
b2 t b2 t b2 t A B
(a) (b) (c) b2 t (d) v (m/s) 4
4 2 2 2
2. All the graphs below are intended to represent the same S D t (in s)
motion. One of them does it incorrectly. Pick it up. 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
[2018] –2
C
distance
velocity 37 49
(a) m (b) 12 m (c) 11 m (d) m
3 4
(a) position (b) time
7. The speed verses time graph for a particle is shown in the
figure. The distance travelled (in m) by the particle during
velocity
the time interval t = 0 to t = 5 s will be __________.
position [NA 4 Sep. 2020 (II)]
(c) time (d) time 10
8
u
–1 6
3. A car covers the first half of the distance between two (ms )
4
places at 40 km/h and other half at 60 km/h. The average
2
speed of the car is [Online May 7, 2012]
(a) 40 km/h (b) 45 km/h 1 2 3 4 5
time
(c) 48 km/h (d) 60 km/h
(s)
4. The velocity of a particle is v = v0 + gt + ft2. If its position
is x = 0 at t = 0, then its displacement after unit time (t = 8. The distance x covered by a particle in one dimensional
1) is [2007] motion varies with time t as x2 = at2 + 2bt + c. If the
acceleration of the particle depends on x as x–n, where n
(a) v0 + g /2 + f (b) v0 + 2g + 3f
is an integer, the value of n is ______. [NA 9 Jan 2020 I]
(c) v0 + g /2 + f/3 (d) v0 + g + f
9. A bullet of mass 20g has an initial speed of 1 ms–1, just
5. A particle located at x = 0 at time t = 0, starts moving before it starts penetrating a mud wall of thickness 20 cm.
along with the positive x-direction with a velocity 'v' that If the wall offers a mean resistance of 2.5×10–2 N, the speed
varies as v = a x . The displacement of the particle of the bullet after emerging from the other side of the wall
varies with time as [2006] is close to : [10 Apr. 2019 II]
(a) t 2 (b) t (c) t 1/2 (d) t3 (a) 0.1 ms–1 (b) 0.7 ms–1
(c) 0.3 ms–1 (d) 0.4 ms–1
Motion in a Straight Line P-15

10. The position of a particle as a function of time t, is given 14. An automobile, travelling at 40 km/h, can be stopped at a
by distance of 40 m by applying brakes. If the same automobile
x(t) = at + bt2 – ct3 is travelling at 80 km/h, the minimum stopping distance, in
where, a, b and c are constants. When the particle attains metres, is (assume no skidding) [Online April 15, 2018]
zero acceleration, then its velocity will be: (a) 75 m (b) 160 m (c) 100 m (d) 150 m
[9 Apr. 2019 II] 15. The velocity-time graphs of a car and a scooter are shown
b2 b2 in the figure. (i) the difference between the distance
(a) a + (b) a + travelled by the car and the scooter in 15 s and (ii) the time
4c 3c
at which the car will catch up with the scooter are,
b2 b2 respectively [Online April 15, 2018]
(c) a + (d) a +
c 2c
A Car B
11. A particle starts from origin O from rest and moves with a 45
uniform acceleration along the positive x-axis. Identify all (a) 337.5m and 25s F

Velocity (ms –1) ®

E Scooter
figures that correctly represents the motion qualitatively 30 G
(a = acceleration, v = velocity, x = displacement, t = time)
[8 Apr. 2019 II] (b) 225.5m and 10s 15

(c) 112.5m and 22.5s O C

D
0 5 10 15 20 25
(d) 11.2.5m and 15s Time in (s) ®
(A) (B) 16. A man in a car at location Q on a straight highway is moving
with speed v. He decides to reach a point P in a field at a
distance d from highway (point M) as shown in the figure.
Speed of the car in the field is half to that on the highway.
What should be the distance RM, so that the time taken to
reach P is minimum? [Online April 15, 2018]
P
(C) (D)
d
(a) (B), (C) (b) (A)
Q
(c) (A), (B), (C) (d) (A), (B), (D) R M
12. A particle starts from the origin at time t = 0 and moves d d
d
along the positive x-axis. The graph of velocity with (a) (b) (c) (d) d
3 2 2
respect to time is shown in figure. What is the position
of the particle at time t = 5s? [10 Jan. 2019 II] 17. Which graph corresponds to an object moving with a
constant negative acceleration and a positive velocity ?
v
(m/s) [Online April 8, 2017]

3 (a) (b)
2 Velocity
Velocity
1
0 Time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time
(a) 10 m (b) 6 m (c) (d)
(c) 3 m (d) 9 m
13. In a car race on straight road, car A takes a time t less
than car B at the finish and passes finishing point with Velocity Velocity

a speed 'v' more than of car B. Both the cars start from
rest and travel with constant acceleration a1 and a2 Distance
Distance
respectively. Then 'v' is equal to: [9 Jan. 2019 II]
18. The distance travelled by a body moving along a line in
2a1 a 2
(a) t (b) 2a1 a 2 t time t is proportional to t3.
a1 + a 2 The acceleration-time (a, t) graph for the motion of the
a1 + a 2 body will be [Online May 12, 2012]
(c) a1 a 2 t (d) t
2
P-16 Physics

(x1 – x2) (x1 – x2)

a
a
(a) (b) (c) O
t (d) O
t

t t 22. A car, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate f through a

distance S, then continues at constant speed for time t
f
a a and then decelerates at the rate to come to rest. If the
2
total distance traversed is 15 S , then [2005]
(c) (d)
1
(a) S = ft 2 (b) S = f t
t t 6
1 2 1 2
19. The graph of an object’s motion (along the x-axis) is shown (c) S = ft (d) S = ft
4 72
in the figure. The instantaneous velocity of the object at 23. A particle is moving eastwards with a velocity of 5 ms–1.
points A and B are vA and vB respectively. Then In 10 seconds the velocity changes to 5 ms–1 northwards.
[Online May 7, 2012] The average acceleration in this time is [2005]
x(m) 1 -2
(a) ms towards north
15 2
1
(b) ms - 2 towards north - east
2
10 1
(c) ms - 2 towards north - west
B 2
(d) zero
5
A 24. The relation between time t and distance x is t = ax2 + bx
Dx = 4 m where a and b are constants. The acceleration is [2005]
Dt = 8
(a) 2bv3 (b) –2abv 2 (c) 2av2 (d) –2av 3
0 10 20 t (s) 25. An automobile travelling with a speed of 60 km/h, can
(a) vA = vB = 0.5 m/s (b) vA = 0.5 m/s < vB brake to stop within a distance of 20m. If the car is going
twice as fast i.e., 120 km/h, the stopping distance will be
(c) vA = 0.5 m/s > vB (d) vA = vB = 2 m/s [2004]
20. An object, moving with a speed of 6.25 m/s, is decelerated (a) 60 m (b) 40 m (c) 20 m (d) 80 m
at a rate given by 26. A car, moving with a speed of 50 km/hr, can be stopped by
dv brakes after at least 6 m. If the same car is moving at a
= -2.5 v where v is the instantaneous speed. The time speed of 100 km/hr, the minimum stopping distance is
dt
taken by the object, to come to rest, would be: [2011] [2003]
(a) 2 s (b) 4 s (c) 8 s (d) 1 s (a) 12 m (b) 18 m (c) 24 m (d) 6 m
21. A body is at rest at x = 0. At t = 0, it starts moving in the 27. If a body looses half of its velocity on penetrating 3 cm in
positive x-direction with a constant acceleration. At the a wooden block, then how much will it penetrate more
same instant another body passes through x = 0 moving before coming to rest? [2002]
in the positive x-direction with a constant speed. The (a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm.
position of the first body is given by x1(t) after time ‘t’; 28. Speeds of two identical cars are u and 4u at the specific
and that of the second body by x2(t) after the same time instant. The ratio of the respective distances in which the
interval. Which of the following graphs correctly two cars are stopped from that instant is [2002]
describes (x1 – x2) as a function of time ‘t’? [2008] (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 1 : 8 (d) 1 : 16
(x1 – x2) (x1 – x2)

TOPIC 3 Relative Velocity

(a) t (b) t 29. Train A and train B are running on parallel tracks in the
O O
opposite directions with speeds of 36 km/hour and 72
km/hour, respectively. A person is walking in train A in
the direction opposite to its motion with a speed of 1.8
Motion in a Straight Line P-17

km/hour. Speed (in ms–1) of this person as observed from

train B will be close to : (take the distance between the 2 æhö h
(a) t = ç ÷ (b) t = 1.8
tracks as negligible) [2 Sep. 2020 (I)] 3 ègø g
(a) 29.5 ms–1 (b) 28.5 ms–1
(c) 31.5 ms–1q (d) 30.5 ms–1 æhö 2h
30. A passenger train of length 60 m travels at a speed of 80 (c) t = 3.4 ç ÷ (d) t =
km/hr. Another freight train of length 120 m travels at a ègø 3g
speed of 30 km/h. The ratio of times taken by the 36. A Tennis ball is released from a height h and after freely
passenger train to completely cross the freight train when: falling on a wooden floor it rebounds and reaches height
(i) they are moving in same direction, and (ii) in the h
opposite directions is: [12 Jan. 2019 II] . The velocity versus height of the ball during its motion
2
11 5 3 25 may be represented graphically by :
(a) (b) (c) (d) (graph are drawn schematically and on not to scale)
5 2 2 11
31. A person standing on an open ground hears the sound of [4 Sep. 2020 (I)]
a jet aeroplane, coming from north at an angle 60º with
ground level. But he finds the aeroplane right vertically v v
above his position. If v is the speed of sound, speed of the h/2 h/2
plane is: [12 Jan. 2019 II] (a) h(v) (b) h(v)
3 2v v h h
(a) v (b) (c) v (d)
2 3 2
32. A car is standing 200 m behind a bus, which is also at rest.
The two start moving at the same instant but with differ-
v v
ent forward accelerations. The bus has acceleration 2 m/s2
and the car has acceleration 4 m/s2. The car will catch up
with the bus after a time of : h h
(c) h(v) (d) h(v)
[Online April 9, 2017] h/2 h/2
(a) 110 s (b) 120 s
(c) 10 2 s (d) 15 s
37. A ball is dropped from the top of a 100 m high tower on a
33. A person climbs up a stalled escalator in 60 s. If standing
on the same but escalator running with constant velocity 1
planet. In the last s before hitting the ground, it covers a
he takes 40 s. How much time is taken by the person to 2
walk up the moving escalator? [Online April 12, 2014] distance of 19 m. Acceleration due to gravity (in ms–2) near
the surface on that planet is _______.
(a) 37 s (b) 27 s (c) 24 s (d) 45 s
[NA 8 Jan. 2020 II]
34. A goods train accelerating uniformly on a straight railway
38. A body is thrown vertically upwards. Which one of the
track, approaches an electric pole standing on the side of
following graphs correctly represent the velocity vs time?
track. Its engine passes the pole with velocity u and the
[2017]
guard’s room passes with velocity v. The middle wagon of
the train passes the pole with a velocity.
[Online May 19, 2012]
u+v 1 2 (a) (b)
(a) (b) u + v2
2 2
æ u 2 + v2 ö
(c) uv (d) ç ÷
è 2 ø

(c) (d)
TOPIC 4 Motion Under Gravity

35. A helicopter rises from rest on the ground vertically up- 39. Two stones are thrown up simultaneously from the edge
wards with a constant acceleration g. A food packet is of a cliff 240 m high with initial speed of 10 m/s and 40
dropped from the helicopter when it is at a height h. The m/s respectively. Which of the following graph best
time taken by the packet to reach the ground is close to represents the time variation of relative position of the
second stone with respect to the first ?
[g is the accelertion due to gravity] : [5 Sep. 2020 (I)]
P-18 Physics

(Assume stones do not rebound after hitting the ground y

and neglect air resistance, take g = 10 m/ s2) [2015] h
(The figures are schematic and not drawn to scale) (c) O t
t1 2t1
t
(a) (y2 – y1) m (b) (y2 – y1) m v y
240 240 v1 h

(d) O t
t

t(s) t(s)
8 12 8 12
42. A parachutist after bailing out falls 50 m without friction. When
(y2 – y1 ) m
240
(y2 – y1) m parachute opens, it decelerates at 2 m/s2 . He reaches the ground
240
(c) (d) with a speed of 3 m/s. At what height, did he bail out ? [2005]
(a) 182 m (b) 91 m
t(s) 12
t(s) (c) 111m (d) 293m
t® 8 12
43. A ball is released from the top of a tower of height h meters.
40. From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown vertically
It takes T seconds to reach the ground. What is the position
upwards with a speed u. The time taken by the particle, to
hit the ground, is n times that taken by it to reach the T
of the ball at second [2004]
highest point of its path. The relation between H, u and n 3
is: [2014] 8h
(a) 2gH = n u 2 2 2
(b) gH = (n – 2) u d 2 (a) meters from the ground
9
(c) 2gH = nu2 (n – 2) (d) gH = (n – 2)u2 7h
41. Consider a rubber ball freely falling from a height h = 4.9 m (b) meters from the ground
9
onto a horizontal elastic plate. Assume that the duration
of collision is negligible and the collision with the plate is h
(c) meters from the ground
totally elastic. 9
Then the velocity as a function of time and the height as
17 h
a function of time will be : [2009] (d) meters from the ground
v y 18
+v1
h
44. From a building two balls A and B are thrown such that A is
(a) O t thrown upwards and B downwards (both vertically). If vA
–v1 and vB are their respective velocities on reaching the
t
v ground, then [2002]
+v1 y (a) vB > vA
h (b) vA = vB
t
(b) O t1 2t1 4t1 t
(c) vA > vB
–v1 t (d) their velocities depend on their masses.
Motion in a Straight Line P-19

1. (b) Given, v = b x x t x
dx é2 x ù
dx ò x = a ò dt ; ê 1 ú = a[t ]t0
or = b x1/2 0 0 ë û0
dt
x t a2 2
-1/2 Þ 2 x = at Þ x = t
or òx dx = ò bdt 4
0 0 6. (a) 4 A B
1/2
x b2t 2 v(m/s) 2
or = 6t or x = O S D t
1/ 2 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (in s)
Differentiating w. r. t. time, we get
–2
dx b2 ´ 2t C
= (t = t)
dt 4 1 13
OS = 4 + =
b t 2 3 3
or v = 1 5
2 SD = 2 - =
2. (b) Graphs in option (c) position-time and option (a) 3 3
velocity-position are corresponding to velocity-time graph Distance covered by the body = area of v-t graph
option (d) and its distance-time graph is as given below. = ar (OABS) + ar (SCD)
Hence distance-time graph option (b) is incorrect. 1 æ 13 ö 1 5 32 5 37
distance = ç + 1÷ ´ 4 + ´ ´ 2 = + = m
2è 3 ø 2 3 3 3 3
u
7. (20)
8 A

time

Total distance travelled x B t

3. (c) Average speed = = O
Total time taken T 5
x Distance travelled = Area of speed-time graph
= = 48 km/h
x x 1
+ = ´ 5 ´ 8 = 20 m
2 ´ 40 2 ´ 60 2
dx
4. (c) We know that, v = 8. (3) Distance X varies with time t as x2 = at2 + 2bt + c
dt
Þ dx = v dt dx
x t Þ 2x = 2at + 2b
dt
Integrating, ò dx = ò v dt
dx dx (at + b)
0 0 Þx = at + b Þ =
t t dt dt x
é 2 gt 2 ft 3 ù
or x = ò (v0 + gt + ft ) dt = êv0 t + + ú d 2 x æ dx ö
2
ëê 2 3 úû Þx +ç ÷ =a
0 0
dt 2 è dt ø
gt 2 ft 3
or, x = v0 t + + 2 2
2 3 æ dx ö æ at + b ö
2 a -ç ÷ a -ç ÷
g f d x è dt ø = è x ø
At t = 1, x = v0 + + . Þ =
2 3 dt 2 x x
5. (a) v = a x ,
2
dx dx ax 2 - ( at + b ) ac - b 2
Þ =a x Þ = a dt = =
dt x x3 x3
Integrating both sides, Þ a µ x–3 Hence, n = 3
P-20 Physics

9. (b) From the third equation of motion a 2t

v2 – u2 = 2aS Þ to =
a1 – a 2
F Putting this value of t0 in equation (i)
But, a =
m
a2t
2 æFö
2 v =( al – a2 ) – a 2t
\v = u - 2ç ÷ S a1 – a 2
èmø
é 2.5 ´ 10-2 ù 20 = ( a1 + a 2 ) a2 t – a 2t = a1a 2 t + a 2 t – a 2 t
Þ v 2 = (1)2 - (2) ê ú
-3
ëê 20 ´10 ûú 100 or, v = a1a 2 t
1 14. (b) According to question, u1 = 40 km/h, v1 = 0 and s1 = 40 m
Þ v2 = 1 – using v2 – u2 = 2as; 02 – 402 = 2a × 40 ...(i)
2
1 Again, 02 – 802 = 2as ...(ii)
Þv= m/s = 0.7m/s From eqn. (i) and (ii)
2
10. (b) x = at + bt2 – ct3 Stopping distance, s = 160 m

dx d v –u 1 2
Velocity, v = = (at + bt 2 + ct 3 ) 15. (c) Using equation, a = and S = ut + at
t 2
dt dt
= a + 2bt – 3ct2 1 (45)
Distance travelled by car in 15 sec = (15)2
2 15
dv d
Acceleration, = (a + 2bt - 3ct 2 ) 675
dt dt = m
2
æb ö Distance travelled by scooter in 15 seconds = 30 × 15 = 450
or 0 = 2b – 3c × 2t \ t =ç ÷
è 3c ø (Q distance = speed × time)
2 æ 2ö Difference between distance travelled by car and scooter
æb ö æ b ö = a+b in 15 sec, 450 – 337.5 = 112.5 m
and v = a + 2b ç ÷ - 3c ç ÷ ç ÷
è 3c ø è 3c ø è 3c ø
Let car catches scooter in time t;
11. (d) For constant acceleration, there is straight line 675
®
+ 45(t –15) = 30t
2
parallel to t-axis on a - t .
337.5 + 45t – 675 = 30t Þ 15t = 337.5
® ®
Inclined straight line on v - t , and parabola on x - t . Þ t = 22.5 sec
12. (d) Position of the particle, 16. (a) Let the car turn of the highway at a distance 'x' from
the point M. So, RM = x
S = area under graph (time t = 0 to 5s)
And if speed of car in field is v, then time taken by the car
1
= ´ 2 ´ 2 + 2 ´ 2 + 3´1= 9m to cover the distance QR = QM – x on the highway,
2
13. (c) Let time taken by A to reach finishing point is t0 QM - x
t1 = .....(i)
\ Time taken by B to reach finishing point = t0 + t 2v
x Time taken to travel the distance 'RP ' in the field

d 2 + x2
t2 = ..... (ii)
v
u=0 vA = a1t0 Total time elapsed to move the car from Q to P
vB = a2(t0 + t) QM - x d 2 + x2
vA – vB = v
t = t1 + t2 = +
2v v
Þ v = a1 t0 – a2 (t0 + t) = (a1 – a2)t0–a2t ...(i) dt
For 't ' to be minimum =0 P
1 1 dx
x B = x A = a1 t 02 = a 2 (t 0 + t) 2
2 2
1é 1 x ù d
Þ a1 t 0 = a 2 ( t 0 + t ) ê- + ú =0
v ëê 2 d 2 + x 2 ûú
( )
Q
Þ a1 – a 2 t 0 = a 2 t d d R M
or x = =
22 - 1 3
Motion in a Straight Line P-21

17. (c) According to question, object is moving with For the body moving with constant speed
constant negative acceleration i.e., a = – constant (C) x2 = vt
1
vdv \ x1 - x2 = at 2 - vt
= -C 2
dx
vdv = – Cdx at t = 0, x1 – x2 = 0
v2 v2 k This equation is of parabola.
= - Cx + k x=- +
2 2C C v
Hence, graph (3) represents correctly. For t < ; the slope is negative
18. (b) Distance along a line i.e., displacement (s) a
= t3 (Q s µ t 3 given) v
For t = ; the slope is zero
By double differentiation of displacement, we get a
acceleration. v
3 2 For t > ; the slope is positive
ds dt dv d 3t a
V= = = 3t 2 and a = = = 6t
dt dt dt dt These characteristics are represented by graph (b).
a = 6t or a µ t 22. (d) Let car starts from A from rest and moves up to point
Hence graph (b) is correct. B with acceleration f.
Dx 1 2
19. (a) Instantaneous velocity v = Distance, AB = S = ft1
Dt 2
Dx A 4 m Distance, BC = (ft1)t
From graph, vA = = = 0.5 m/s
Dt A 8s
Dx 8m u2 ( ft1 )2
and vB = B = = 0.5 m/s Distance, CD = = = ft12 = 2S
Dt B 16s 2a 2( f / 2)
i.e., vA = vB = 0.5 m/s A f B C f /2 D
dv
20. (a) Given, = -2.5 v t1 t 2t 1
dt
dv
Þ = – 2.5 dt 15 S
v Total distance, AD = AB + BC + CD = 15S
Integrating, AD = S + BC + 2S
0 -½ t Þ S + f t1t + 2 S = 15 S
ò6.25 v dv = -2.5ò dt
0
Þ f t1t = 12 S ............. (i)
0
é v +½ ù
= -2.5 [ t ]0
t
Þ ê (½) ú 1 2
êë úû 6.25 f t1 = S ............ (ii)
2
Þ – 2(6.25)½ = – 2.5t t
Þ – 2 × 2.5 = –2.5t Dividing (i) by (ii), we get t1 =
6
Þ t = 25 2
1 ætö f t2
21. (b) For the body starting from rest, distance travelled Þ S= fç ÷ =
2 è 6ø 72
(x1) is given by
23. (c) v2
1
x1 = 0 + at2 N
2
1 2 D v = v 2 + (-v 1 )
Þ x1 = at
2
x1 – x2
90°
W E
- v1 v1

S
v/a
t uur
Initial velocity, v1 = 5iˆ,
P-22 Physics
uur
Final velocity, v2 = 5 ˆj, æ 5ö
2
uur ur ur Þ 02 - ç 50 ´ ÷ = 2 ´ a ´ 6
Change in velocity D v = (v 2 - v 1 ) è 18 ø
2
= v12 + v22 + 2v1v2 cos 90 æ 5ö
Þ - ç 50 ´ ÷ = 2 ´ a ´ 6
è 18 ø
= 5 2 + 52 + 0 = 5 2m/s 250 ´ 250
a=– » = –16 ms–2.
[As | v1 | = | v2 | = 5 m/s] 324 ´ 2 ´ 6
uur Case-2 : Initial velocity, u = 100 km/hr
Dv
Avg. acceleration = 5
t = 100 ´ m/sec
18
5 2 1
= = m / s2 v = 0, s = s, a = a
10 2 As v2 – u2 = 2as
5 2
tan q = = -1 æ 5ö
-5 Þ 02 - ç100 ´ ÷ = 2as
è 18 ø
which means q is in the second quadrant.
2
(towards north-west) æ 5ö
Þ - ç 100 ´ ÷ = 2 × (–16) × 5
24. (d) Given, t = ax2 + bx; è 18 ø
Diff. with respect to time (t) 500 ´ 500
d d dx dx s= = 24m
(t ) = a ( x 2 ) + b = a.2 x + b.v. 324 ´ 32
dt dt dt dt 27. (a) In first case
Þ 1 = 2axv + bv = v(2ax + b)(v = velocity) u
1 u1 = u ; v1 = , s = 3 cm, a1 = ?
2ax + b = . 2 1
v
Using, v12 - u12 = 2a1s1 ...(i)
Again differentiating, we get
dx 1 dv 2
+0= - 2 æ uö 2
2a
dt çè ÷ø - u = 2 × a × 3
v dt 2
dv æ dx ö
Þ a= = –2av3 çèQ = v÷
ø Þ a=
–u2
dt dt
8
25. (d) In first case speed, In second case: Assuming the same retardation
5 50
u = 60 ´ m/s = m/s -u 2
18 3 u2 = u /2 ; v2 = 0 ; s2 = ?; a2 =
d = 20m, 8
Let retardation be a then v22 - u 22 = 2a2 ´ s2 ...(ii)
(0)2 – u2 = –2ad
or u2 = 2ad …(i) u2 æ –u2 ö
\ 0- = 2ç ÷ ´ s2
5 4 è 8 ø
In second case speed, u¢ = 120 ´
18 Þ s2 = 1 cm
100 28. (d) For first car
= m/s
3 u1 = u, v1 = 0, a1 = – a, s1 = s1
and (0)2 – u¢2 = –2ad¢
As v12 - u12 = 2a1s1
or u¢2 = 2ad¢ …(ii)
(ii) divided by (i) gives, Þ –u2 = –2as1
Þ u2 = 2as1
d'
4 = Þ d ' = 4 ´ 20 = 80m u2
d Þ s1 = ...(i)
26. (c) Fir first case : Initial velocity, 2a
5 For second car
u = 50 ´ m / s, u2 = 4u, v1 = 0, a2 = – a, s2 = s2
18
v = 0,s = 6m, a = a \ v22 - u22 = 2a2 s2
Using, v 2 - u 2 = 2as Þ –(4u)2 = 2(–a)s2
Motion in a Straight Line P-23

Þ 16 u2 = 2as2
1 "escalator"
8u 2 33. (c) Person’s speed walking only is
Þ s2 = ...(ii) 60 second
a Standing the escalator without walking the speed is
Dividing (i) and (ii),
1 "escalator"
s1 u 2 a 1
= × 2 = 40 second
s2 2a 8u 16 Walking with the escalator going, the speed add.
29. (a) According to question, train A and B are running on
1 1 15 "escalator"
parallel tracks in the opposite direction. So, the person’s speed is + =
60 40 120 second
36 km/h
1.8 km/h 120
A So, the time to go up the escalator t == 24 second.
5
34 (d) Let 'S' be the distance between two ends 'a' be the
constant acceleration
VA = 36 km/h = 10 m/s As we know v2 – u2 = 2aS
v2 - u2
or, aS =
B 2
72 km/h Let v be velocity at mid point.
2 2 S
Therefore, vc - u = 2a
VB = -72 km/h = –20 m/s 2
VMA = –1.8 km/h = –0.5 m/s vc2 = u 2 + aS
Vman, B = Vman, A + VA, B v2 - u 2
= Vman, A + VA – VB = –0.5 + 10 – (–20) vc2 = u 2 +
2
= – 0.5 + 30 = 29.5 m/s.
30. (a) u 2 + v2
vc =
vP 2
31. (d) Q P
35. (c) For upward motion of helicopter,
o
60
v2 = u 2 + 2 gh Þ v 2 = 0 + 2 gh Þ v = 2gh
v Now, packet will start moving under gravity.
Let 't' be the time taken by the food packet to reach the
ground.
R (Observer)
1
Distance, PQ = vp × t (Distance = speed × time) s = ut + at 2
2
Distance, QR = V.t
1 1
PQ Þ -h = 2 gh t - gt 2 Þ gt 2 - 2 gh t - h = 0
cos 60° = 2 2
QR
g
1 vp ´ t v 2 gh ± 2 gh + 4 ´ ´h
= Þ vp = 2
or, t =
2 V.t 2 g
2´
2
32. (c) 4 m/sec2 2 m/sec2
Car Bus
2 gh 2h
or, t = (1 + 2) Þ t = (1 + 2)
200 m g g
Given, uC = uB = 0, aC = 4 m/s2, aB = 2 m/s2
hence relative acceleration, aCB = 2 m/sec2 h
or, t = 3.4
1 g
Now, we know, s = ut + at 2
2 36. (c) For uniformly accelerated/ deaccelerated motion :
1
200 = ´ 2t 2 Q u = 0 v 2 = u 2 ± 2 gh
2
Hence, the car will catch up with the bus after time As equation is quadratic, so, v-h graph will be a parabola
t = 10 2 second
P-24 Physics
v 39. (b) y1 = 10t – 5t2 ; y2 = 40t – 5t2
for y1 = – 240m, t = 8s
at t= 0, h = d \ y2 – y1 = 30t for t < 8s.
2 for t > 8s,
d 1 ® 2 : V increases downwards
h 2 ® velocity changes its direction 1
3 1 y2 – y1 = 240 – 40t – gt2
2 ® 3 : V decreases upwards 2
40. (c) Speed on reaching ground
u
collision 2
takes 2 v= u + 2 gh
place H
Now, v = u + at
Initially velocity is downwards (–ve) and then after
collision it reverses its direction with lesser magnitude, i.e. Þ u 2 + 2 gh = -u + gt
velocity is upwards (+ve). u
Note that time t = 0 corresponds to the point on the graph Time taken to reach highest point is t = ,
g
where h = d.
Next time collision takes place at 3. u + u 2 + 2 gH nu
Þt = =
37. (08.00) Let the ball takes time t to reach the ground g g
(from question)
1 2
Using, S = ut + gt Þ 2gH = n(n –2)u2
2
1 2 41. (b) For downward motion v = –gt
Þ S = 0´t + gt The velocity of the rubber ball increases in downward
2
Þ 200 = gt2 [Q 2S = 100m] direction and we get a straight line between v and t with a
negative slope.
200 1 2
Þt= …(i) Also applying y - y0 = ut + at
g 2
1 2 1 2
1 æ 1ö We get y - h = - gt Þ y = h - gt
In last s, body travels a distance of 19 m, so in çt – ÷ 2 2
2 è 2ø The graph between y and t is a parabola with y = h at t = 0.
distance travelled = 81 As time increases y decreases.
2 For upward motion.
1 æ 1ö The ball suffer elastic collision with the horizontal elastic
Now, g ç t – ÷ = 81
2 è 2ø plate therefore the direction of velocity is reversed and the
2 magnitude remains the same.
æ 1ö
\ g ç t – ÷ = 81´ 2 Here v = u – gt where u is the velocity just after collision.
è 2ø As t increases, v decreases. We get a straight line between v
æ 1ö 81´ 2 and t with negative slope.
Þ çt – ÷ =
è 2 ø g 1 2
Also y = ut - gt
1 1 2
\ = ( 200 – 81 ´ 2) using (i) All these characteristics are represented by graph (b).
2 g
42. (d) Initial velocity of parachute
Þ g = 2(10 2 – 9 2) after bailing out,
Þ g =2 2 u= 2gh
\ g = 8 m/s2 u = 2 ´ 9.8 ´ 50 = 14 5
38. (a) For a body thrown vertically upwards acceleration
The velocity at ground,
remains constant (a = – g) and velocity at anytime t is 50 m
given by V = u – gt v = 3m/s
v
During rise velocity decreases linearly and during fall v2 - u2 32 - 980
S= = » 243 m a = - 2 m / s2
velocity increases linearly and direction is opposite to
2´2 4
each other. Initially he has fallen 50 m.
Hence graph (a) correctly depicts velocity versus time.
\ Total height from where 3m / s
he bailed out = 243 + 50 = 293 m
Motion in a Straight Line P-25

1 2 44. (b) Ball A is thrown upwards with

43. (a) We have s = ut + gt ,
2 velocity u
1 u
Þ h = 0 × T + gT2 from the building. During its A u
2 downward journey when it comes
1 2 back to the point of throw, its
Þ h = gT h
2 speed is equal to the speed of
T throw
Vertical distance moved in time is B
3 (u). So, for the journey of both
2
1 æTö 1 gT 2 h the balls from point A to B.
h' = g ç ÷ Þ h' = ´ =
2 è 3ø 2 9 9 We can apply v2 – u2 = 2gh.
h As u, g, h are same for both the
8h
\ Position of ball from ground = h - = balls, vA = vB
9 9