1.

A steady-state in which the cell keeps constant or nearly constant intracellular environment is
called;
A. Hemostasis
B. Cholestasis
C. Homeostasis
D. Both A&C
2. The mediator that causes vasodilation in inflammation is______
A. Histamine
B. Serotonin
C. Prostaglandin
D. Both A&C
3. Replacement of one adult cell by another under the applied stimulus is called___
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hypertrophy
4. The accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissue is called;
A. Edema
B. Hemorrhage
C. Thrombosis
D. Tumor
5. Which of the following helps in blood clot formation?
A. WBCs
B. RBCs
C. Platelets
D. Plasma
6. Which of the following are the causes of cell injury?
A. Oxygen deprivation
B. Infectious agent
C. Genetic factors
D. All of the above
7. The most common benign tumor of the liver is:
A. Papilloma
B. Hepatic adenoma
C. Ameboma
D. Hemangioma

8. The term neoplasia means:

A. Old-growth
B. New growth
C. Fast growth
D. Slow growth
9. Programmed cell death is called as;
A. Necrosis
 B. Apoptosis
C. Fibrosis
D. None of the above
10. Which of the following has the ability to spread to distant sites?
A. Benign tumor
B. Malignant tumor
C. Both A&B
D. None
11. The term “hemorrhage” refers to;
A. Blockage in blood vessels
B. Extravasation of blood from vessels
C. Intravasation of blood from vessels
D. Shrinkage of the blood vessels
12. The macroscopically visible projection above a mucosal surface is called as;
A. Tumor
B. Polyp
C. Cyst
D. None
13. The majority of teratomas occur in;
A. Ovaries
B. Gonads
C. Both A&B
D. None
14. The inflammation characterized by rapid and short duration is
A. Chronic inflammation
B. Acute inflammation
C. Both A&B
D. Necrosis
15. The formation of clotted mass of blood within a vessel or the heart during life is called___
A. Thrombosis
B. Blood clot
C. Vascular endothelial injury
D. Cyanosis
16. Shock is the term used to describe______
A. Chronic circulatory failure
B. Acute circular failure
C. Both A&B
D. None
17. Edema resulted from increased vascular permeability due to inflammation is termed as;
A. Vascular edema
B. Ascites
C. Inflammatory edema
D. None of the above
18. Inflammation of the vessel walls is called_____
 A. Thrombosis
B. Cyanosis
C. Vasculitis
D. None of the above
19. Hypoxia means;
A. Lack of hydrogen
B. Lack of oxygen
C. Lack of CO2
D. None of the above
20. The autocatalytic induced cell injury is mediated by;
A. Free radicals
B. Heavy metals
C. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis
21. Cell can be damaged by;
A. Alcohol
B. Drugs
C. Heavy metals
D. All of the above
22. The accumulation of coloring material in different parts of the body is called______
A. Inhalation
B. Pigmentation
C. Digestion
D. None
23. Albinism refers to;
A. Hypopigmentation
B. Generalized hypopigmentation
C. Focal hypopigmentation
D. None of the above
24. Mechanistically necrosis can be defined as___
A. Enzymatic degradation of cell
B. Denaturation of protein
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
25. Diabetic foot is a type of____
A. Dry gangrene
B. Wet gangrene
C. Necrosis
D. All of the above
26. The harmful outcome of acute inflammation appears in the shape of_______
A. Hypoxia
B. Encephalitis
C. Both A&B
D. Cell injury
27. In acute inflammation the immediate marked increase in the permeability of capillaries is due
to___________
A. Myosin filament
B. Actin filaments
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
28. The immediate-transient response occurs in;
A. Mild injury
B. Moderate injury
C. Severe injury
D. None of the above
29. During inflammation, fluid exudation occurs due to_____
A. Increased osmotic pressure
B. Increased vascular permeability
C. Both A&B
D. Decreased vascular permeability
30. Inflammatory exudate is rich in_____
A. Carbohydrates
B. Vitamins
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
31. Inflammatory transudate having a low content of:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Vitamins
D. Lipids
32. Eosinophils are prominent in______
A. Viral infection
B. Bacterial infection
C. Allergic reactions
D. All of the above
33. The process by which leukocytes are attracted during inflammation is called as____
A. Margination
B. Migration
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagocytosis
34. The localization of WBCs to the outer margin of the blood flow is termed as_____
A. Margination
B. Migration
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagocytosis
35. Cytokines are mostly secreted by____
A. Activated lymphocytes
B. Macrophages
 C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
36. Which of the following is the example of non-dividing cells;
A. Epithelial cells
B. Nerve cells
C. Liver cells
D. None of the above
37. Which of the following is the major fibrillary protein of the connective tissue___?
A. Actin
B. Myosin
C. Collagen
D. None
38. The biochemical factor which stimulates growth called as____
A. Inhibitory factor
B. Growth factor
C. Stimulatory factor
D. None
39. The accumulation of an excessive amount of collagen is termed as_____
A. Proud flesh
B. Infection
C. Keloid
D. Dehiscence
40. Which of the following vitamins is essential for the synthesis of collagen fiber?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin A
41. Upon gross examination, a mature scar looks________
A. Red
B. Pink
C. White
D. Yellow
42. Which of the following plays a key role in the formation of granulation tissue?
A. Fibroblast
B. Fibronectin
C. Collagen
D. Actin
43. Weak scar formation is the result of______
A. Vitamin C deficiency
B. Methionine deficiency
C. Glucose deficiency
D. None of the above
44. Which of the following delay wound healing?
A. Adrenal corticosteroids
 B. Diet
C. Protein deficiency
D. Vitamin C
45. The collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called as______
A. Hydrothorax
B. Hydropericardium
C. Hydroperitoneum
D. None of the above
46. An increase in hydrostatic pressure causes;
A. Edema formation
B. Vasodilation
C. Vasoconstriction
D. None
47. Generalized edema refers to________
A. Water retention
B. Sodium retention
C. Both A&B
D. None
48. Allergic edema is caused due to_____
A. Histamine release
B. Inflammation
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Hormones
49. Hyperaldosteronism also called as________
A. Conn’s syndrome
B. Down syndrome
C. Generalized edema
D. None of the above
50. The loss of protein in urine is called as_____
A. Proteinuria
B. Polyurea
C. Oliguria
D. None
51. Hypovolemic shock results from decreased blood volume due to_____
A. Hemorrhage
B. Excessive fluid loss
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
52. Which of the following shocks occur due to systemic microbial infection?
A. Hypovolemic shock
B. Septic shock
C. Cardiogenic shock
D. Anaphylactic shock
53. Any alteration of the coagulation pathway that predisposes to thrombosis is called as____
 A. Hypercoagulability
B. Thrombosis
C. Metastasis
D. None
54. Which of the following thrombi develop in the venous circulation_______?
A. Pale thrombi
B. Red thrombi
C. White thrombi
D. All of the above
55. The type of thrombi which is restricted to the vessels wall is called as________
A. Venous thrombi
B. Pale thrombi
C. Mural thrombi
D. Red thrombi
56. Thrombosis in superficial veins usually occurs_______
A. Legs
B. Heart
C. Hands
D. None
57. The thrombus formed during myocardial infarction can be dissolved with______
A. Heparin
B. Streptokinase
C. Both A&B
D. None
58. Occlusion in part of the CVS through the trapped clot is called_____
A. Thrombosis
B. Stenosis
C. Fibrosis
D. Embolism
59. Majority of the emboli are of the following type.
A. Thromboemboli
B. Venous emboli
C. Gaseous emboli
D. All of the above
60. The type of emboli that lodge in the outflow tract of the right ventricle is termed as;
A. Saddle emboli
B. Thromboemboli
C. Venous emboli
D. None of the above
61. The sudden death can occur as a result of____
A. Thromboemboli
B. Saddle emboli
C. Venous emboli
D. Gaseous emboli
62. The obstruction of the circulation due to the deposition of fat globule is called as;
A. Thromboemboli
B. Fat emboli
C. Systemic emboli
D. None of the above
63. Amniotic fluid embolism is characterized by________
A. Dyspnea
B. Cyanosis
C. Hemorrhage
D. All of the above
64. One of the causes of gas embolism is_________
A. Pneumothorax
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Meningitis
D. None of the above
65. An infarction may be caused due to the occlusion in_______
A. Arterial supply
B. Venous supply
C. Both A&B
D. None
66. Gangrene is the type of necrosis in_________
A. Vital organs
B. Extremities
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
67. Septic infarction occurs as a result of________
A. Viral infection
B. Bacterial infection
C. Fungal
D. None of the above
68. Which of the following organs is resistant to infarction_____?
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
69. Which of the following is more susceptible to infarction_____?
A. Venous circulation
B. Arterial circulation
C. Renal circulation
D. All of the above
70. The common site for carcinoma in situ is_______
A. Uterine cervix
B. Skin
C. Breast
 D. All of the above
71. Paget’s disease is the example of_______
A. Lung carcinoma
B. Carcinoma in situ
C. Papilloma
D. None of the above
72. Variation in the size of the cell is termed as;
A. Neoplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Anaplasia
D. All of the above
73. Which of the following carries high chances of conversion into malignant neoplasm?
A. Dysplasia
B. Neoplasia
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
74. The abnormal mass of tissue is called as_____
A. Neoplasm
B. Tumor
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
75. The irreversible loss of differentiation is called as_____
A. Dysplasia
B. Anaplasia
C. Neoplasia
D. None of the above
76. The type of benign tumor arising from fibroblastic cells is termed as;
A. Meningioma
B. Fibroma
C. Lymphoma
D. Cystoma
77. Benign tumor arising from meninges is called as________
A. Meningioma
B. Lymphoma
C. Cystoma
D. Fibroma
78. The excess of stromal component in the tumor is called as____
A. Desmoplasia
B. Neoplasia
C. Stroma
D. Fibroma
79. The tumor of the muscle is called as_____
A. Lipoma
B. Osteoma
 C. Myoma
D. None of the above
80. The tumor of the smooth muscle is called as______
A. Leiomyoma
B. Rhabdomyoma
C. Osteoma
D. Myoma

81. The process in which the starved cell eats its components is called;
A. Self-eating process
B. Host-cell eating process
C. Autophagy
D. All of the above
82. A complete host response to eliminate the foreign invaders is called;
A. Sterilization
B. Disinfection
C. Inflammation
D. Liquification
83. The inflammation characterized by rapid and short duration is
E. Chronic inflammation
F. Acute inflammation
G. Both A&B
H. Necrosis
84. The formation of clotted mass of blood within a vessel or the heart during life is called___
E. Thrombosis
F. Blood clot
G. Vascular endothelial injury
H. Cyanosis’
85. Shock is the term used to describe___
E. Chronic circulatory failure
F. Acute circular failure
G. Both A&B
H. None
86. Edema resulted from increased vascular permeability due to inflammation is termed as;
E. Vascular edema
F. Ascites
G. Inflammatory edema
H. None of the above
87. Squamous epithelium of the skin refers to
A. Labile cells
B. Permanent cells
C. Stable cells
D. None of the above
88. The biochemical factors which stimulate growth is called as;
A. Inhibitory factors
 B. Growth factors
C. Stimulatory factors
D. Hormones
89. Which of the following vitamin is essential for the synthesis of collagen fiber?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin E
90. Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of______-
A. Hemoglobin
B. Blood
C. Platelets
D. Plasma
91. Which of the following substances are commonly inhaled?
A. Heavy metals
B. Corban
C. Silica
D. Both B&C
92. Oxidative stress refers to;
A. Accumulation of enzymes
B. Accumulation of free radicals
C. Accumulation of metals
D. None of the above
93. Inflammation of the vessel walls is called_____
E. Thrombosis
F. Cyanosis’
G. Vasculitis
H. None of the above
94. Mantoux test is used to diagnose_____
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Typhoid
D. Hepatitis
95. Amyloidosis refers to_____
A. Abnormal accumulation of amyloid proteins
B. Abnormal accumulation of hormones
C. Abnormal accumulation of steroids
D. Abnormal accumulation of lipids
96. The common cause of bronchopneumonia is ____
A. Staphylococcus
B. H. influenza
C. Both A&B
D. None of the above
97. The pneumonia that involves large portion or complete lobe of lung is called_____
 A. Pulmonary pneumonia
B. Bronchopneumonia
C. Lobar pneumonia
D. Atypical pneumonia
98. Meningitis mostly occurs due to__
A. Inflammation
B. Infection
C. Blood loss
D. Thrombosis
99. he majority of teratomas occur in;
E. Ovaries
F. Gonads
G. Both A&B
H. None
100. Which one of the following is important in for blood clotting?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Copper
D. Calcium

Subjective Questions:

1. Define inflammation.
2. Differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation.
3. Explain the common etiological factors responsible for neoplasia.
4. Define and explain shock.
5. Describe the compensatory mechanism of shock.
6. Describe the possible consequences of thrombosis.
7. Define and explain cell injury.
8. Explain the underlying causes of cell injury.
9. Define and explain edema.
10. Briefly describe the pathogenesis of edema.
11. Define and explain dysplasia
12. Define and explain neoplasia.
13. Differentiate between benign & malignant neoplasia.
14. Explain healing.
15. What are the factors affecting the process of healing?
16. Differentiate between embolism and infarction.
17. Differentiate between arterial and venous emboli.
18. Explain in detail chronic inflammation
19. What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? Explain in detail.
20. Define hemorrhage.
21. Write the etiology and clinical manifestations of hemorrhage.
22. Explain in detail various types of shock.
23. Briefly explain Hyperemia
24. Briefly explain Metastasis