PROJECT REPORT
ESSAY WRITING
SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY:
DR.VANDANA GARG ABHISHEK SINGLA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SECTION- D
UILS, PU ROLL NO.183/20
CHANDIGARH B.COM.LL.B.(HONS.)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the present world of competition, there is a race of existence
in which those having the will to come forward succeed.
It is my genuine pleasure to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my English teacher, Dr. Vandana Garg, who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this project on the topic
ESSAY WRITING.
Her dedication and keen interest above all her overwhelming
attitude to help her students helped me complete the project.
Any attempt at any level cannot be satisfactorily complete
without the support and guidance of my parents and friends. I
would like to thank everyone who helped me a lot in gathering
different information, collecting data and guiding me from time
to time in making this project, despite of their busy schedules,
they gave me different ideas in making this project unique.
Regards
Abhishek Singla
B.COM.LLB(Hons)
Semester: 2
Section: D
Roll no: 183/20
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CONTENTS
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1. Introduction 4
2. Qualities of a good 5
essay
3. Types of essay 6
4. Why a student of 8
law study an essay?
5. Essay 1: Road 9
Accident
6. Essay 2: 11
Unemployment in
India
7. Essay 3: Banking 14
crisis in India
8. Conclusion 15
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INTRODUCTION
An essay is generally a piece of writing; usually short and in
prose, on angry one subject; outlining the writer’s perspective or
story.
Literally an essay means “an attempt”. Essays can be formal as
well as informal. Formal essays are typically academic in nature
and address serious issues. Informal essays are more personal
and frequently humorous. It is a work of art and like any other
piece of art it is the result of the earnest effort of the writer to
make it as attractive as possible.
An essay can focus on a personal experience or purely academic
exploration of a topic. The essay genre includes a diverse array
of academic writings ranging from literary criticism to
mediation on the normal world.
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QUALITIES OF A GOOD
ESSAY
1. UNITY: An essay should deal with one subject only and
relevant and irrelevant matter should not be mixed up.
2. COHERENCE: The essay should follow a clear order and
move steadily towards a goal. Ides are arranged in a definite
pattern so that the important ones stand out prominently, and the
relation between ideas is clearly seen.
3. BALANCE: The various ideas should receive proper
emphasis. Every idea should be explained definitely enough
without at the same time, exaggeration or overstatement.
4. CLEARNESS: The ideas in an essay should be clear both in
expression and language. Ideas should not be confused or mixed
up. The language used should be simple and precise.
5. STYLE: The style of an essay must be dignified and literary.
Slang, colloquial terms and free and easy instructions are not
proper in an essay.
6. BREVITY: The length of the essay depends on the writer’s
purpose in writing. If it is intended for a particular set of readers,
its length will be influenced by the readers’ backgrounds and
needs. But in any case, the essay should not be very long or
loose or rambling.
7. THE PERSONAL TOUCH: An essay should reveal the
personal feelings and opinions of the writer on a particular topic.
8. EMPHASIS: Emphasis must be given to a point by giving it
a position in which it will stand out. Emphasis can be given to
an idea by devoting more space to it. So, the main points should
be focused on.
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TYPES OF AN ESSAY
1. NARRATIVE: This type of essay is aimed at telling a story
about a certain event in a person's life. It may be a funny festival
or a watching a good movie in the cinema, everyday activity or
visiting another country. In such essay, you are free to express
your personal attitude towards things that affected you, places
that you liked or people you were with. It is usually written in
the 1st person with a frequent usage of "I."
2. DESCRIPTIVE: Here the writer will describe a place, an
object, an event or maybe even a memory. But it is not just
plainly describing things. The writer
must paint a picture through his words. One clever way to do
that is to evoke the senses of the reader. Do not only rely on
sight but also involve the other
senses of smell, touch, sound etc. A descriptive essay when done
well will make the reader feel the emotions the writer was
feeling at the moment.
3. ARGUMENTATIVE: The ultimate goal of this essay is to
persuade the reader to take the author's viewpoint. It is not an
easy thing to do as this paper is aimed at manipulating the other
people's thoughts to change their attitude
towards something. For this writing, you are to use firm
language, proved facts and accurate and vivid illustrations as an
evidence of your argument should be flawless.
4. REFLECTIVE: This is an unusual type of essays in
academics. Because the focus of reflective essays is on the
writer itself. To write a reflective essay, a writer should choose
experience or event formhis/her own life that he/she wants to
share with the readers. While writing such essays, the writer
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should explain the event in detail and then also explain what
he/she felt before and after the event took place. In conclusion,
the writer should mention what they have learned from that
particular event.
5. BIOGRAPHICAL: A biography essay is an essay where you
tell the story of a person's life. It's a chance for you to do
research and learn interesting facts and opinions about someone.
That person could be a historical figure, a famous actor,
politician, artist, writer or inventor. The point of the
biographical essay is to reveal who that person was and what
contribution they have made to the world. In order to write a
great biography essay, you'll need to develop a thesis statement
about them and write supporting paragraphs with information
about their life and work. Finally, a conclusion will help show
the lasting impact they've had.
6. EXPOSITORY: In such an essay a writer presents a
balanced study of a topic. To write such an essay, the writer
must have real and extensive knowledge about the subject.
There is no scope for the writer’s feelings or emotions in an
expository essay. It is completely based on facts, statistics,
examples etc. There are subtypes here like contrast essays, cause
and effect essays etc.
7. IMAGINATIVE: An Imaginative Essay is an essay which
tends to discuss anything from space travel to fantasy land. It is
basically an essay based on fiction, where you are required to
put your imaginary skills/thoughts in a logical order. Your
imagination will decide the depth of your essay. It is
completely dependent on your creative ability and knack of
bringing it in writing.
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WHY SHOULD A STUDENT
OF LAW STUDY AN ESSAY?
Essay writing is an important task in the Judicial and Civil
Services examination of our country. This is because as a genre,
essay writing is an apt medium of examining the ability of the
writer to evaluate, weigh, consider and write comprehensively
on a given topic of importance. Practicing the skill of essay
writing is a first step in learning the art of expansive writing
which enables a future judicial officer to pen down well-
reasoned, aptly worded, and lucid judgements. In this direction,
a student of law should be familiarized the essentials of good
essay. The acid test of a good essay is; originality of thought and
expression, brevity, specificity, focus and appropriacy of content.
A good essay avoids boredom for the reader and vagueness in
expression. There is no formulaic prescription of writing a good
essay. One just needs to understand that though a nonfictional
genre, in the hands of a good essayist, an essay may even
acquire the tone and style of a narrative fiction, autobiography
or even a rhetoric discourse. A student of law has no option but
to consciously learn and practice this art of expansive
writing so that his clarity of thought can be routed through his
clarity of expression and that too in an interesting and ingenious
manner.
ESSAY 1 :
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ROAD ACCIDENTS
Road accidents have become very common nowadays. As more
and people are buying automobiles, the incidences of road
accidents are just increasing day by day. Furthermore, people
have also become more careless now. Not many people follow
the traffic rules. Especially in big cities, there are various modes
of transports. Moreover, the roads are becoming narrower and the
cities have become more populated.
Thus, road accidents are bound to happen. You pick up a
newspaper and you will find at least one or two news about road
accidents daily. They cause loss of life as well as material. People
need to be more careful when on the road, no matter which mode
of transport you are from. Even the ones on foot are not safe
because of the rise in these incidences. Every day people witness
accidents in the news, from relatives and even with their own eye.
Once I was on my way back home from festive shopping when I
witnessed a road accident. I was with my sister and it was around
6 o’ clock in the evening. In the middle of the road, we saw a
crowd surrounding something. We weren’t quite sure what was
happening as the first thought that came to our mind was that it
was probably a quarrel between two men. However, when we
reached the spot, we found out an accident had taken place.After
that, we got to know the whole story. A man was crossing the
road when a truck hit him leaving him severely injured. The man
was lying on the ground bleeding profusely and people were
calling for an ambulance. We instantly called up the ambulance
but time was running out. Therefore, an auto driver took the man
in his auto and rushed to the hospital.Subsequently, the police
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arrived as the people had caught the driver and were beating him
up. After the police came, they caught hold of the driver and
asked about the incident. Later, we came to know that the driver
was drunk. The police detained him and went to the hospital for a
statement. Fortunately, the driver was declared out of danger. The
doctors dressed his wounds and informed that he was still in
shock.That incident made me realize how precious our lives are.
In addition, as to how we take it for granted. We must all be very
careful when on road, on foot or by a car that does not matter. We
can adopt measures that will prevent road accidents.
We need to prevent road accidents to decrease the death rate.
Every year thousands of people lose their lives to road accidents.
Children must be taught from an early age about traffic rules.
They must be taught the value of life and how they can safeguard
it. Moreover, the government must pass more stringent laws for
people who disobey traffic rules. They must fine people heavily
or take strict action when found guilty of breaking these laws
irrespective of gender. Similarly, parents must set an example for
the younger ones by not using phones while driving. Also, they
must always wear their helmets and seatbelts to avoid the chances
of an accident.
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ESSAY 2:
UNEMPLOYMENT IN
INDIA
Unemployment is a very serious issue not only in India but in the
whole world. There are hundreds and thousands of people out
there who do not have employment. Besides, the problems of
unemployment are very severe in India because of the growing
population and demand for jobs. Moreover, if we neglect this
problem then it will be going to become the reason for the doom
of the nation.
Unemployment refers to a situation in which a skilled and
talented people wanted to do a job. But cannot find a proper job
due to several reasons. The various types of unemployment
include disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, open
unemployment, technological unemployment, structural
unemployment. Besides, some other unemployment is cyclic
unemployment, educated unemployment, underemployment,
frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual
unemployment. Above all, seasonal unemployment, under
unemployment, and disguised unemployment are the most
common unemployment that is found in India. In a country like
India, there is much reason for a large section of the population
for being unemployed. Some of these factors are population
growth, slow economic growth, seasonal occupation, slow growth
of the economic sector, and fall in the cottage industry. Moreover,
these are the major reason for unemployment in India. Also, the
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situation has become so drastic that highly educated people are
ready to do the job of a sweeper. Besides, the government is not
doing his work seriously. Apart from all these, a large portion of
the population is engaged in the agricultural sector and the sector
only provides employment in harvest or plantation time. In
addition, the biggest reason of unemployment in India is its vast
population which demands a large number of jobs every year
which the government and authorities are unable to provide. If
things will go on like the current scenario then unemployment
will become a major issue. Apart from this, the following things
happen in an economy which is an increase in poverty, an
increase in crime rate, exploitation of labor, political instability,
mental health, and loss of skills. As a result, all this will
eventually lead to the demise of the nation. The government has
taken measures to slowly reduce unemployment. Some of these
schemes includes IRDP (Integrated Rural Development
Programme), DPAP (Drought Prone Area Programme), Jawahar
Rozgar Yojana, Employment Assurance Scheme, NRY (Nehru
Rozgar Yojana), Training for self-Employment, PMIUPEP
(Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program),
employment exchange, Employment Guarantee Scheme,
development of organized sector, small and cottage industries,
employment in forging countries, and Jawahar Gram Samridhi
Yojana etc. Besides, these schemes the government also make
some rules flexible, so that employment can be created in the
private sector also.
To conclude, we can say that the problem of unemployment in
India has reached a critical stage. But, now the government and
local authorities have taken the problem seriously and working on
it to reduce unemployment.
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ESSAY 3:
BANKING CRISIS IN INDIA
Banking is a life line of economy. It's function of collecting and
lending money looks more simple but banking functions are
more beyond it. Banking provides credit to all sectors which acts
as a catalyst for spurring the growth and economic activity. All
in all it's cascading impact is huge on many prominent sectors,
after all everything needs money. In the history also Banking
Sector has played a crucial role in building the developed
economies and also failure of banking sector also caused the
people to que up at banks to with draw the money as they
presume bankruptcy of banks. Bank Frauds or Bank crisis have
been an integral part of Indian financial history. In 1913 John
Maynard Keynes mentioned after surveying the state of the
banking in the country wrote in Indian currency and finance "In
a country so dangerous for banking as India, It should be
conducted on the safest possible principles". His warnings have
proven prophetic by looking at the recent bank frauds of Punjab
National Bank, ICICI loan to Videocon and evasion of bank
loans by fugitive economic offenders and followed by collapse
of many banks in the past. These events questioned the
credentials of banking sector. There has been the usual blame
game. World Bank / IMF, Financial Sector assessment
programme of India has laments at several points that Reserve
Bank's Of India regulatory powers over banks are not neutral to
it' s ownership .It is so true in the case of public sector banks as
it's control lies in the hands of central government. All in all
there is a operational failure on part of the banks , limited power
of regulatory authority , autonomous power of central
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government and dual structure of regulation in case of public
sector banks and state government' s in case of co operative
credit institutions. At present banking sector in crisis due to
many challenges. Non performing assets issue looming and
wilful evasion of loans on failure of business, conflict of interest
while sanctioning of the loans. Major reasons are because of
lack of accountability by employees and management, political
interference is the major reason for crisis in the banking sector,
auditor's oversight of looking at the fraud transactions, bank's
reluctance to follow the guidelines for safe banking business.
Temptation to engage in fraud at the level of employee or
employees is always present, in banks / in corporations, be it in
public sector or private sector. The three such powerful
mechanisms- Legal Deterrence, Market Discipline, Regulatory
Discipline To not to repeat the same situation in the future, it is
fully transparent what needs to be done. Central government
shall implement the four R's - Recognition, Recapitalization ,
Reforms , Resolution to resolve the twin balance sheet problem
and to revive the credit to all sectors of the economy and from
RBI's point of view , legislative changes to the Banking
Regulation act that make banking regulatory powers fully
ownership neutral , not piecemeal but fully is a minimum
requirement.
To conclude, future belongs to credit availability. If banking
sector in crisis - credit demand from major sectors cannot be
fulfilled which elevates inflation and lowers growth momentum.
So both government and central bank must implement all the
necessary steps to regain creditability of banking and restore
unflinching faith.
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CONCLUSION
An essay is defined as a "short formal piece of writing on a
single subject." It is typically written to persuade the reader
using carefully chosen research evidence. In general, an
academic essay is divided into three sections:
1. An introductory paragraph that informs the reader about what
they are about to learn and presents an argument in the form of a
thesis statement.
2. A body, or middle section, that contains evidence used to
prove and persuade the reader to accept the writer's specific
point of view.
3. A conclusion that summarizes the essay's content and findings.
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