Scribd
Upload
88 views28 pages

Biological Molecules: Grade 9 Biology

Biological molecules are complex chemicals that are essential for living organisms. There are three main types: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy and structure. Proteins are made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, and their shapes depend on the amino acid sequence. Lipids contain fatty acids and glycerol, and are used for energy storage and insulation. These molecules are vital for metabolism and chemical reactions in cells.

Uploaded by

Heyitsyasi xox
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views28 pages

Biological Molecules: Grade 9 Biology

Biological molecules are complex chemicals that are essential for living organisms. There are three main types: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide energy and structure. Proteins are made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, and their shapes depend on the amino acid sequence. Lipids contain fatty acids and glycerol, and are used for energy storage and insulation. These molecules are vital for metabolism and chemical reactions in cells.

Uploaded by

Heyitsyasi xox
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Biological molecules

Grade 9 Biology
Lesson 1 - What is
Biological molecules
Grade 9 Biology
List the elements present in
carbohydrates, fats and proteins

Describe the synthesis of large


molecules from smaller molecules

Lesson objectives Describe how amino acid


sequences give different protein
Biological molecules shapes

Relate the shape and structure of


protein molecules to their function
Quick question !

60%-75%
Do you know what
percentage of the
human body consists
of water?
Introduction
Biological molecules are complex chemicals. There are
three biological chemicals that we will be studying (The
fourth one will be covered much later).
Introduction
Liver and muscle tissues

Almost everywhere!
Cell membranes, enzymes,
hormones, antibodies,
muscles, blood

cell membranes,
cholesterol, blood cells, and
in the brain
Why are these biological molecules so important?
They are useful chemicals that are
needed by living organisms for

metabolism. By metabolism we
mean all the chemical reactions
taking place in the cells of the
body. These reactions include the
release of energy through
respiration, protein synthesis,
and the growth and repair of
cells.
Why are these biological molecules so important?

Green plants make the complex


chemical compounds that they
need from simple raw
materials. Carbon dioxide and
water are the raw materials for
photosynthesis.
Watch this video
Biological molecules video link
Let’s look at
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Elements present in Carbohydrates:

Carbon (C)

Hydrogen (H)

Oxygen (O)
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates include:

Sugars Starches
Carbohydrates
There are 3 main types of
carbohydrates
Simple sugars Double sugars Complex sugars
Carbohydrates
There are 3 main types of
carbohydrates
These are
Simple sugars Double sugars three veryComplex sugars
important
sugars

Glucose is a simple Sucrose is a double Complex carbohydrates are


sugar which is made in sugar molecule made made by joining many simple
photosynthesis, used in up of two molecules of sugar molecules together by
respiration and simple sugars joined by chemical bonds. Glycogen,
transported in blood. chemical bonds. starch and cellulose are
examples of these complex
sugars.
Carbohydrates
These are three very important
complex carbohydrates

1. Cellulose

Cellulose can be found in


cell wall of a plant cell.
Because of its strength, it is
used to maintain the shape
of a plant and tolerate
turgor pressure.
Carbohydrates
These are three very important
complex carbohydrates

2. Starch

Plant cells can change


glucose into starch.
Plants store starch as an
energy store.
Carbohydrates
These are three very important
complex carbohydrates

3. Glycogen

Glycogen (sometimes called


animal starch) is another
complex carbohydrate
made from glucose by
animals as a store of energy
in the liver and muscles.
Now let’s look
at proteins
Proteins Elements present in Protein:

Carbon (C)

Hydrogen (H)

Oxygen (O)

Nitrogen (N)

Sulfur (S)
Proteins The building blocks of protein
Building blocks of proteins = amino acids

Think of this wall as the protein. Each


and every brick represents an amino amino acid
acid and together it builds the protein.
Proteins The building blocks of protein
After the formation of amino
acids they are either folded into
different shapes or become
arranged into long fibres.

There are 20 different types of


amino acids.

Each individual amino acid


joins the chain by means of a
chemical bond called a peptide
bond.
Lastly we will
look at lipids.
Lipids/fats Elements present in Lipids/Fats:

Carbon (C)

Hydrogen (H)

Oxygen (O)
Lipids/fats
Each fat
molecule is
made up of
one molecule
of glycerol
and attached
to this are
three fatty
acids.
Lipids/fats

Fats are used


for energy
storage and
thermal
insulation in
the body It’s no exaggeration to say that polar bears are
built to survive – and enjoy – the cold. From
their heavily furred paws to their thick layer of
body fat, they are build for negative degree
weather.
The three biological molecules
Doddle Slides
Let’s test your knowledge

Use this Google slide


presentation to
complete the worksheet
on Schoology

You might also like