MATERIALS ENGINEERING

Course Code: ECE214

 MATERIALS ENGINEERING
Course Code:

Grading System: Grading Period:

Quizzes – 30% Midterm - 40%

Major Exams – 50% Finals – 60%
SW/HW – 10% -------------------------
Attendance – 10% Total – 100%
--------------------------------
Total – 100%
 MATERIALS
ENGINEERING
Google classroom code: 2wopffg
What will you learn in this chapter?

❖ Where does Materials Science lie in the broad scheme of things?

❖ What are the common types of materials?
❖ What are the Scientific and Engineering parts of Materials Science &
Engineering?
❖ What is the important goal of Materials Science?
❖ What determines the properties of Materials?
 INTRODUCTION

❖ Materials are probably more deep-seated in our

culture than most of us realize. Transportation,
housing, clothing, communication, recreation,
and food production etc.

❖ The earliest humans had access to only a very

limited number of materials, those that occur
naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on.
With time they discovered techniques for
producing materials that had properties superior
to those of the natural ones.
Insert pictures here
 Difference between Material Science and Material
Engineering?

❖ Materials science involves investigating the relationships

that exist between the structures and properties of materials.

❖ Materials engineering is, on the basis of these

structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the
structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of
properties.
❖ The structure of a material usually relates to the
arrangement of its internal components. Subatomic
structure involves electrons within the individual
atoms and interactions with their nuclei.

❖ The most convenient way to study the properties

and uses of engineering materials is to classify
them into ‘families’ as shown in figure below:
 Classification of Materials
METALS
Combinations of metallic elements
Non bound electrons – thermal/electrical conductivity.

• Good conductor of
electricity and heat

• metals are quite strong,

yet deformable, which
accounts for their
extensive use in structural
applications
Steel gear produced using Powder
Metallurgy
resistance
 Classification of Materials
CERAMICS
Compounds between metals and non-metals
Properties
• Range of materials that falls
within this classification
includes ceramics that are
composed of clay minerals,
cement, and glass.

• These materials are typically

insulative to the passage of
electricity and heat, and
resistant to high temperatures
ceramics are hard but very and harsh environments than
brittle. metals and polymers.
 Classification of Materials
POLYMERS
Organic compounds –
mainly based on Hydrogen, Carbon, and non-metallic element
• Organic compounds that
are chemically based on
carbon, hydrogen, and
other nonmetallic elements

• They have very large

molecular structures. These
materials typically have low
densities and may be
extremely flexible.
Fighter plane fully covered
with a paint replacement
adhesive
 Classification of Materials
COMPOSITES
Materials that have been engineered to consist of more than
one material type.
• Fiberglass is a familiar
example, in which glass
fibers are embedded within a
polymeric material.

• A composite is designed to
SiC Alumina
display a combination of the
10 μm best characteristics of each
of the component materials.
* Polymer composites - fiberglass
 Classification of Materials
SEMICONDUCTORS
Semiconductors have electrical properties that are
intermediate between the electrical conductors and insulators.

• The semiconductors have

made possible the advent of
integrated circuitry that has
totally revolutionized the
electronics and computer
industries (not to mention
our lives) over the past two
decades.
 Classification of Materials
BIOMATERIALS
Employed in components implanted into the human body for
replacement of diseased or damaged body parts.
• These materials must not produce
toxic substances and must be
compatible with body tissues (i.e.,
must not cause adverse biological
reactions)

• All of the above materials

-metals, ceramics, polymers,
composites, and
semiconductors—may be used
as biomaterials.
 Classification of Materials
ADVANCE
MATERIALS
Materials that are utilized in high-technology (or high-tech)
applications are sometimes termed advanced materials.
• Examples include electronic
equipment (VCRs, CD players, etc.),
computers, fiber optic systems,
spacecraft, aircraft, and military
rocketry.

• Other examples are used for lasers,

integrated circuits, magnetic
information storage, liquid crystal
displays (LCDs), fiber optics, and the
thermal protection system for the
Space Shuttle Orbiter.
ULTRALIGHT MATERIALS – METALLIC FOAMS
 Nanomateria
Insert pictures here ls
JOM, Jan 2004
Figure 1.1. The four components of the discipline of Materials
Science and Engineering and their linear interrelationship

Processing Structure Properties Performance

Subatomic Mechanical
atomic Electrical
microscopic Magnetic
macroscopic Thermal
optical
 Processing

Mechanical
properties

Microstructure Properties
 WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING?

❖ Many an applied scientist or engineer, whether mechanical,

civil, chemical, or electrical, and computer engineer will at
one time or another be exposed to a design problem
involving materials.

❖ Finally, probably the overriding consideration is that of

economics; A material may be found that has the ideal set
of properties but is prohibitively expensive.

❖ The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various

characteristics and structure–property relationships, as well
as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient
and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials
choices based on these criteria.
 REFERENCES

❑ Materials Science and Engineering: An

Introduction, William D. Callister
John Wiley & Sons, 2010.