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Python Programming-Grade 9

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Python Programming-Grade 9

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Nabila Shajir
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Understanding the Programming Basics Structure In this chapter, we will discuss the following topics: . Learn basic programming skills through gamified platforms + Explore online portals like Code Combat to understand coding basics Questions and Answers i Objectives | | At the end of this chapter, you should |, |) be able to: 1 { | + Play online games that encourage i | trial-and-error, critical thinking, | i and creativity. t i Apply the coding skills learned by |, developing their in project-based | | solutions i henever we want to use a computer for a specifictask, a chronological order of instructions have to be given to thecomputer which can be easily understood and interpreted. These set of logical instructions ritten in a high-level language forms a program. Software development corporates various intermediate tasks that follow anorganized plan and a ries of sub tasks for application development. rogram development stages * Analyzing a problem requires a clear definition of the problem statement, inputs, processing and desired outputs, and user interfaces. Designing the program involves a clear logical plan explaining the algorithm and flowchart of the program activities. i Coding involves translating the design into an application using a programming language. Scanned with CamScanner i vy ires making ! = io atin an information manual for the | &y jerstand it better. Co, Its accurately in Nese | he program error free + Testing and Debuggin n involves Pre * Documentatio user. cept i n Let us delve a little dee 10 the co! to und the resv’ " t ous tasks tO get + . are used to perform vt Iways need to follow steps 17 @ particular ms | To perform any task, we OWT should be given to solve any py, Orde, ites ‘oblem is defined, yo Therefore, step-by-step ins Thus, solving a problem depen problem is designed and then implemente To represent the steps for problem solving, A-B-C-D Rule ls on how the pr it he d using a programming lan, " the you need to follow the giver oe ‘, he given problem. wefully to understand the basic functionalities, he inputs required and wat all calculations need to be get the desired output. Try tounderstand th Read the problem ii. diagrammatic representation © ili, online tool to draw flowchart d, Flowchart iv. Step-by-step procedure e. Algorithm v. Decision {, Din A-B-C-D stands for ea 7 vi, Proces h. Cin A-B-C-D stands for viii. Debug and Test | 3, Write the full form for the following organizations: a. HLL ] b. A-B-C-D c. RPG 4, Define the following terms: @. Flowchart b. Algorithm c. Program 5. Write any one important feature of the following application a. Code Combat b. Draw.io ; 6. Write the functions ofthe following: a. Translator [ None tna tees applications of gamification which are used for learning programming skills. Understanding the Programming Basics 1 12) Scanned with CamScanner 1, 12. 13. . Write an algorithm ani bers and display the sum, gi Bre, two num se two numbers. Draw a flowchart to read multiplication, and division of the: int the bill depending on the price ang Write an algorithm to pr eee 9 he GST, which is calculated as 18% oh of an item. Also, print t bill. a, d draw a flowchart to print five Multiples Gee number. Write the stages involved in program development. Define A, B, C and D in A-B-C-D rule for problem solving, Write the steps required in analyzing the problem. Scanned with CamScanner ruclure pis chapter, we will discuss the oe ing topics: ee peattreS of Python, Python |* Gharacter Sel, Token “and jaentifiers, Keywords | jptroduetion to Python programming: process of writing program, running it, and print statements | pemonstrate the knowledge of gmple data-types: integer, float, string . piscuss the purpose of Single line and Multi Line Comments . Understand the purpose of a |) variable and how to manipulate it + Ilustrate accepting —input, assignment statements — and writing expressions + Understand different types of operators: Arithmetic, Relational, and Logical * Introduce Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else * Writing simple programs * Notion of iterative computation and control flow: for, range () Questions and Answers Objectives | At the end of this 1 is ch | (eae hapter, you should \ Appreciate the use of Graphical | User interface and Integrated | Development Environment. \ \ (+ Understand the design for the Programming environment _ for | creating Python scripts and | programs. | + Understand the concept and | usage of different data types and | operators in Python. \ Create Python scripts using basic | control flow statements } Scanned with CamScanner ython is a modern computer pre the development of many applica’ to WWW browsers fo games: The si program code helps the programmer focu' language itself. It is an Open Sour’ copies of the software, read a community. The Python program can be run directly fro converts the code into bytecodes which Is | language to run if about the compiling the code. Hence, ™ since it is porta on every computer | scientific and non-sc! Figure 9.1: Python logo embedded with © Python was created by Guido Van Rossum when he was working at Notion. Research Institute for Mathematics ‘and Computer Science in Netherlorg | on the solution rather ai ce Software; the user can freely dist 4 nd make changes i ble by nature and work indepe; ther customizable applications, gramming language. If ., ications ranging from text pro Pay | inplicity of writing on Eng a bet and redistribute again 4, Of. m the source code. The inje, } translated into the computer's vel it, The programmer need not," ‘and linking of librories 12%) aking Python a favorable ott beg | Aden | It can be can be used for be ‘entific programming and can, b ' | The first version of Python was released in 1991. Python can be used tofala,_ both Procedural approach and Object Oriented approach of Programmig | It is free to use. Some of the most popular features are as follows: | + Python is case sensitive language. * Itisavery simple high-level language wi gives immediate results. t ' * It is excellent for beginners as the language is interpretedand here, | ; | * The programs are easily readable and * Itis easy to learn and use. To write and run Python program, we need to have the Python interp® installed in our computer. IDLE (GUI integrated) is the standord development environment. IDLE is an acronym of Integrated Develop” th vast library of add-on modus. understandable. ; t | Environment and can be downloaded from www.python.org. The progatt can edit, run, browse and debug Python Pro the latest version, 3.7. grams from a single interface | There are two ways to use the Python interpreter: * Interactive mode * Script mode. 124 @_ Artificial Intelligence Scanned with CamScanner erote ae allows in neous whereas the seri ott 3" files: XeCution of ; Pt mode Si individual Bi see ging an interactis i ed to create and edit Pre 2 ill Be ti ive online Pp, edit Python " 00 ing Our programs, quen editor https:/ z RAM graphi: - Google WHps://colab. 12,6 RANT Graphics processing un hee Ee 1 oe Pron are the ronare Support. The program ‘Cogle Docs. The Notebooks with other j nt() in-built function Foon print() function is used to print infor 4 mation on th gyntaX? S le screen. vit (message) or print (variable value) co & Python Basics ot oe ie eh a ee e + Code + Text raw ve es 7 A Editing] © print (“Good torningt”) [> Good Morning! Figure 9.2: Image Screenshot of Colab Notebook (interactive mode) Comments Comments are the statements added with the code which are not executed bythe interpreter. They help the developer understand the code better while “ring to it later. ‘comment starts with # (hash sign). Statement following after # ‘ill the end of line is treated as a comment ‘and the interpreter ignores it while executing "eslatement. The sole purpose is tO add readability to the code Ner we two types of comments: | * Single line comment using # Language @_125 python Program Scanned with CamScanner + Multiline comments use TPT Le python interpreter ee SPY Staten’ the end will also be ignore nN ments. within them will be treated as COM ithin them will be trea’ feine¢-eood Horning!) [Good Morning! *+oOes, © emis is pesnec) funetten OA ganb ALA eY land understanding casa ee Srinec"Good Noxning!”) C+ cood Morning! Figure 9.3: Python comments Variables A variable is a named memory location which stores values that can be ro later, A variable is a name hig @ «-2 refers to a value and an assignn., statement is used to create _, pi = 3.14156 variables. There is no command}, name = "Jack" declaring a variable in Python. print (x) A variable is created when a va; petotiet) is assigned with the help of ea aad assignment operator (=). The pit D 12 statement is used to display the vole 3.14156 of variables. Jack Figure 9.4: Variables The rules for naming a variable in Python are as follows: The nome should begin with an uppercase or a lowercase alphabé® on underscore sign 0. This may be followed by any combindlcr! ers a-z, A~Z, 0- zl i digit. or underscore (_). A variable cannot start vit : cen te of any length. It is preferred to keep it short and meaning! t should not be a keyword or reserved word Special i ; pecial symbols like !, @, #, $,%, and so on cannot be used in vor 126_@_ Artificial Intelligence te Scanned with CamScanner a 2 followi DATA Typ following types of data Numbers Ni lone Sequences gt, Moppings Integers Floating Co : Point rmplex Strings Tuple List oT Boolean ictionary yegers? These are the whole 1 iMmal digits like 100, -35, GUMBErS consisting of + oF ~ sign with | geveloper need not to worry about the size of Pee tears te | ore is automatically handled by eee eee eae \ ioe (): This function is : Pt Number used to check data type of variable or value. \ » Floating ers with fractions or decimal point nt . \ int numbers. A floating point number will consist of sign (2 ae \ pPfecimals digits and a dot such as 0.0, -215.967, 0 soles | » Sang: A string is a sequence of characters which are enclosed in single ! quotes (‘’) or double (” ”) informing the operating system where the string constant begins and ends. They can have any character or sign, including space. Square brackets can be used to access elements of the string. @ «-: eer average = 98.56 qeacher_Name = “Jack” status = ‘Y" x ig an intes y is an intes: average is a floating point number Teacher Name is a string Status is a single character wear print("Character= ",Teacher_Namet?) ) print (cype()) print (type(y)) print (type (average) ) print (type(Teacher_Name)) print (type (Status) ) G characters k Figure 9.5: Dato types Scanned with CamScanner yr Python Keywords in the program fo: Keywords are reserved words that can be used in p TO pre, of ing for the interpreter, th Shin | purpose. As these words have specific meaning ey cat be used for eu other purpose oe ere an raise t for from |—erurn | if ee ea Ise while —_ * om nal e acco» 2 Printivo) manorrror: nano ‘print’ se not cosine’ \ | oes: Bese | | | | | Figure 9.6: Error message encountered for invalid keyword usage | Operators and Operands | Operators are special symbols which represents computation which al applied on operands), which can be values or variables. An expressions| created when operators are applied on operands. Same operator can bebo: differently when applied on different data types. Operands are values or variables when used with operators. Operators are categorized as Arithme’: Relational, Logical and Assignment. Arithmetic Operators: Operator Name Example + Addition en. Subtraction fe 100 . Multiplication 111] ‘cood"+*Bvenins" Ce ‘Goodzvening’ 112) 76-45 com { (13) sees C1906 Figure 9.7: Arithmetic oper" Intelligence Scanned with CamScanner % a “/ Division Modulus 0) aay Exponentiation © ine 209901951 35927045 Figure 9.8: Arithmetic operators Floor Division (21) 9.0772 G 4.0 © v2 G 4 Figure 9.9: Arithmetic operators telational Operators: Operator > Name | Example Greater than _ © reine) Less than prine(100<190) Equal to (3901=102) eine (120>"102) ee prinetiozen209) Greater than or equal to Ch tree eve rue False true ralae true Figure 9.10: Relational Operators Scanned with CamScanner Logical Operators: These operators are usedto combine conditional stay, v Exar any, | Operator Description mple | i xel2 | Returns True if both ° ; } and print (2750 and xeigo, the statements are true Print 0250 OF aciony Returns True if any one print (ROLGESO ang ye, cal nt is true ony) of the stateme! co raise not Reverse the result, eve returns False if the _ ee Figure 9.11: Logical operaton, ' | Expression and Statements : | An expression is a combination of values, variable and operators wi | generates a single value. | Example: s = 18 a = 9.0/5 + (26 - 13-0) + 2*83 t= 25 print("result 1 a) _ [> result = 12.8 print("value = ", U) Figure 9.13: Expression } value = 43 Figure 9.12: Expression Precedence of operator: Higher precedence operator is worked on belo: lower precedence operator which determines the order of evaluation © operands or values. When the operators are of the same precedence, & are not grouped by parenthesis, the order of execution is based on pert associativity. An operator may be Left-associative or Right —associative. IF associative, the operator falling on left side will be evaluated first, right associative operator falling on right will be evaluated first.In Python” and '**’ are right associative. The precedence is listed below in the ode high precedence to low precedence. Operator Description ** ° Exponentiation (raise to the power) 7: unary plus and minus Scanned with CamScanner Malki aiviee Addition a Compariso Equality o, Assignmer Logical oj NY. divi y divide, Modulo and floor ind Subtraction N Operators Perators ‘Nt operators Perators function if ui() functionis used to accept data fi x of inputl) is: Tom the user of the program. = foromel) pt is present, it is displayed yed on the screen after which the user can she pro! de the dato. from keyboard. The functi ea te eecigns it fo the variable. ction takes the data and converts it [i] name = input("Enter your name + *) english = input("Enter your marks in english maths = input("Enter your marks in ens science = input("Enter your marks in science : *) total = english + maths + science print (name, " has scored ",total, " marks.") [> Enter your name : JACK Enter your marks in english : 78 Enter your marks in maths : 89 Enter your marks in science : 87 JACK has scored 788987 marks- Figure 9.14: input() statement s very different from the the default setting of string datatype function. In the final answer, the assuming them to simple + variable values into a tu would have observed that the final output i ‘seed output. This happens due to *ony variable accepted with the input() “preter has merely concatenated all the numbers “secters, Therefore, we have to convert a ee "tie datatype type for any further manipulation he to anotl ing conversion method from one Sey oe float) fun :*8sting. We will be making US¢ of int ( fe BAe sired results in this example- a mw . Pythow Programm Scanned with CamScanner her is called as tions to achieve ay name = dmpue (Enter YOUE MANSY % 0 nae TO Tescdmee EMME TOME in mache #2? sos (sn UnEnter YORE Eee eT ogence # feathe = ine Cnpeeecceneer YOUr ne tanpee “EME ngiiah + athe Tg acored “1 prine (namoy * 4 fence otek + pares") De mncar your mane + 30K 70 Emer your marks . Enter Your marua in acsence, + &7 Shen’ Risvecored 254 ma" input statement Figure 9.15: using int() function along with input statemer oe nae marke in english +7) nee oe marke in maths + in science seltnee Sisecanpee "Ereee your maze SEEDS Caoaten + mache ¢ aetence SEIN [aane, has seored “stotal © rane = inpurcvenver ye english = f2oat(inputl athe = float (input ("Ent + marks") ater your nane 1 IAEK © leer jour mnexa in engiiah Encer your marke in maths ¢ 99 Enter Jour marke in science + 67 Shoe, how scored 244.5. MACKS. 178.5 Figure 9.16: using float() function along with input statement Control statements in Python There are three types of control statements in Python: * Selection/Conditional: Python uses selection statements for decision and branching of flow of control; that is, choosing between two or me’ alternative paths. * Repetition/Iteration: Repetition is used for repeating a set of Python cot multiple times in a row. * Sequential: The Python statements execute from top to bottom in! sequential order. LS Figure 9.19: Sequential Figure 9.17: Selection Figure 9.19, g, ; -18: Selection 132__Arlificial Intelligence rr 5 Scanned with CamScanner ction Strement ~if Statement nm i . 1 te eke wlio? sometimes requires decigi ns HOVE fo be taken as per the conditions Scision-making, Specific lent selecti ccurri : oP PALSE con, ctatem Cvalvaies mulinig ine the execution TRUE or FALSE as the Output. The course 4 Iple expressions, which :“pejotements 10 execute if the output is TRUE Or FALSE determined by erwisi Af (conditi s = on): » 2 You have statement | i¢ (x ss 2): two books [statements] print( ‘You outside of if have *) print (‘two books’) print( ‘outside of if’) Faure 9.20: if-else Syntax Example Output | © | Atlock of Python code is indicated by indenting each line of the block by the sme amount. In above example both theprint statements are part of the if e andiion because of both are at same level indented but not the third print sotement. iLelse statement: cs : his statement executes some code if the test expression is true (non-zero) an ‘me other code if the test expression is false. ample ¥ (condition): 1x=100 pn and x<=10@): statement /if(a < 1000): i print(‘Grade A?) [statements] print(‘value of x is ies less than 1000’) [statements] elses print(‘value of x is|8’) more than 1000”) else: rint (‘Grade is Setement P Python Programming Language 133 Scanned with CamScanner multiple test conditions ang Taro conditions: = 0: if num lo check for ; more than a number? =)? arr Enter a number: -34 eee Negative number else: print(“Positive number”) else: print (“Negative number”) ' if..elif..else: This statement allows you to check #! and execute a block of code as so TRUE. The elif statement is optional. he validity of multiple conditions for Try on as one of the conditions evaluaies Syntax: Example: if expression1: amount = int(input(“Enter amount: “)) statement(s) if amount<5000: elif expression2: discount = amount*®.@3 statement(s) print (“Discount given = “,discount) elif expression3: elif amount<50@0: statement(s) discount = amount*@.@5 else: print (“Discount given = “,discount) statement (s) else: discount = amount*®.10 print (“Discount given = “,discount) 134 Artificial Intelligence Scanned with CamScanner Net = amount Print ( “discount Net payable amount”, Net) Outpu Enter amount: 5700 Discount given = 171 Net payable amount: 5871 pation - for statement yer f : a Joop 5 used for repeating or iterating over a sequence. There are multip|. 5 ‘e multiple for i: ah icti atatypes such as list, tuple, di i en torrie Casa a ne ow Pa datatype object. for each element in a list and oo = [ @ sr x in “apple © ‘rine cach stationary ites in a stationary 1 print (x) stationary = "pen", “pencil", “eraser") for a in stationary: ba prine(a) P P CG pen 1 pencil 7 eraser a Figure 9.21: for loop Figure 9.22: for loop Tebreak statement is used to stop the loop when an exit condition is met. # Print each stationary item in the stationary list # Exit the loop when a is "eraser": stationary = {"pen", “pencil”, “eraser"] for a in stationary: print (a) ifa “pencil”: break Figure 9.23: For statement with break command Python Programming Language @ 138 Scanned with CamScanner range() function The range() function is used to rep! number of times. It returns a sequence © nS and increments by 1 till it ends at the sp tements for a set of statem c ‘ oe umbers, starting from Q bya | cified number. The uppe, Tees Mie excluded. ange(2, 8); 6) for @ in range(10)+ g) for a in + 8): fer Sep eintca) : print(a) Ge | 2 > 2 3 - 5 4 é 5 3 6 3 7 | LCL Figure 9.25: range() function | © for a sn range(se, 25, 294 peine(ad } C30 2 Me | 16 18 20 22 Figure 9.26: range() function Sequential flow The Python interpreter follows the sequential order of statements to give te final desired output for the problem statement. 12) F bython program ta fied tho mquare root # Toke the input ter the vece nun © float Inpue("Enter & eusbers *)) 100" oxponent operator is used to find tho square root squrcot «nan #8 5 £4) function Is used te convert « nust As used in the print staterent to o tie data type into string date type 14d U9 OF Fore strings Cor display Prine(rthe equate root of * + ste(naa) + * 48 str(aq.root)) Ce Enter a numbers 16 The square rest of 16.9 45 4.0 meme Figure 9.27: use of ste() function 136 Artificial Intelligence ne Scanned with CamScanner Figure 9.28: Python program (1 # Python Progzam to cor 4 conversion factor; 1 2 Taking Kiloncters. in das = Coat (inpue( e+ 0.621971 4 calculate nites niles = ins +e Prine (ens, VEE KL Lene ile = xilonee, Put from the vaer "Enter value in kilonoteras “Kilonoters ts equal to - [+ Enter value in kilometers: 27.5 27.5 Kiloneters is equal to 17-0877025 niles, Figure 9.29: Python program = float (input ("Enter tempe: # calculate fahrenheit f= (ce * 1.8) +32 print(f," degree Celsius is equal to “#str(t)+ ( Enter temperature in Celsius: 41.8 107.24 degree Celsius is equal to 107.24 degree Fahrenheit. Lees into niles ers * 00621971 + ste(mtiesy += 19] # Python Progran to convert temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit # Conversion Formula, celsius + 1.8 » fahrenheit ~ 32 ture in Celsius: “)) » miies.*) * degree Fahrenheit.") Figure 9.30: Python program [12] # Python program to check if the input number is odd or even.| ‘RD number is even if division by 2 gives a remainder of 0. If the remainder is 1, it is an odd number. ) number = int(input("Enter a nunbe! if (number $ 2) == 0: . print(number, " is an even number.") else: print (number, * is an odd number.") G Enter a number: 456 456 is an even number Figure 9.31: Python program thon Programining Language @_137 Scanned with CamScanner Figure 9.32: Python program eine sum of © © ryenon program £0 PF for a in range(ts 18, 29! peinetad eee reanot Ga numbers between 1 and 35 40” + ste(aun)) arti {15} # Python program to print even numbers betwoen 0 and 15- for & in range(0, 15, 2)+ print(a) G Figure 9.34: Python program 138 © Artificial Intelligence Scanned with CamScanner oe ose mangedts (Crate ae Figure 9.35: Python prog pedugging am hon progr may not execute or may gene: ammer enters @ wrong input or th rate wrong output when 7 prog! Fi a ‘ ‘ ere is an wpe source oe ine oe of identifying and a in the syntax of fom a progr called debugging. Errors occurring i ig errors and bugs \ egorized as: ig in programs can be + Syntax errors \ + Logical errors + Runtime errors syntax Errors: fyhon has its own rules of the programming language that determine its gntox. The Python interpreter interprets and executes the statements only if itis sntactically correct. In case of an error, the interpreter shows error message(s) and stops the execution there. for example, parentheses must be in pairs, so the expression (90 + 21) is smtactically correct, whereas (7 + 11isnot due to absence of right parenthesis. [20y rse5e89/3008 109 logical Errors Algical error results in an undesired output without cbuptly terminating the execution of the Python Sregram. Since the program interprets successfully, it sometimes difficult to identify these errors: They are ne referred as semantic errors aS they occur when "emeaning/semantics of the program is not correct. Ce 167. 6os6sscosssees © cseeeenrpe 34.33339333333333 Figure 9.36: Logical Error yon Programming Lmsinse e139 Scanned with CamScanner Runtime Error re 1n of program while it is ¢ runii - mal terminatio . Key Aruntime error causes abnor! wn starts running. tng é It does not appear until after the progro' ae i e division 9) i, For example, we have a statement having th Peration + inator entered is zero, then it wa 8] eT program. By mistake, if the denom runtime error like “division by zero" Food for thought : lowing. Test the codes for corre (Activity 9.1: Write Python scripts for the fol ) outputs. oe 4 1. Write a program to calculate the electricity bill. Accept the last me, reading and current meter reading and the rate per unit from the y 's and total bill consumption for the user, Calculate the number of unit: Write a program to enter the name and height of the user. Convert th, height in inches (1 Feet = 12 inches). Write a program to swap two variable values. Write a program to find simple interest. Write a program to check for the correct Write a program to display maximum and minimum of two numbers, Write a program to find the largest of three numbers. A company decided to give bonus of 5% to employee if his/her year of service is more than 5 years. Write a program to ask the user for ther salary and year of service and print the net bonus amount. 9. A school has the following rules for the grading system. Write a prograt to ask the user to enter marks and print the corresponding grade as per the following table. + Below 25 - F 25 to 45-E 45 to 50-D 50 to 60-C 60 to 80 -B Above 80 - A nN 5 > 5 § 5 ‘ 5 password. oe 140. Artificial Intelligence Scanned with CamScanner rite a Program to pring wi 1 the disee : 10. giscount is based on the Following Scount in Rupe = . Seti, A olen, 25 Sales a «ps. 5000 Discount ps, 5000 to Rs. 10000 5% Sour 8% ve Rs. 10000 a Abo 10% i int= Sales * Di y [Discou Discount, ) 1100}, TotalAmount = 1 = Sales - Discount} joints Remember » python is a platform independent programm, both scientific and non-scientific purposes » Python is case-sensitive langua source programming language. . Leelee “ ‘wo a Interactive mode or script mode. + The in Python allows the i oH datements and display the output interpreter to execute individual + The script mode is used to create and edit Python programs. Program i of instructions to perform any task. q pe a ce + Keywords are the reserved words and have special meaning for interpreter. Therefore, these cannot be used for any other purpose. An identifier is a name given to a variable, object, class, function, and so on, to differentiate it from one another. * Comments are the remarks that are added for the programmer to understand the code later and are not executed by the interpreter. * Single line comment and multiple line comments are the two types of comments that can be used in Python. a * Acomment starts with ‘#’ outside a quoted string and ends at the end of a line. Comments are not part of statement. They may occur on the line by themselves or at the end of the statement. They are not ‘executed by interpreter. : hich identifies the type of value an object can * Datatype declares type of an object w! i hold and the kind of operations to be performed on thet oe * Numbers in Python can be stored in vane. ae os Point (decimal numbers) and Complex numbers. re different types of data * Numbers, None, Sequence (String, List, and Tuple) a YYpes in Python. 19 language which can be used for ‘ge with very vast library. It is free and an open r, Boolean, floating python Programming Language P ae oe Scanned with CamScanner |. Multiple Choice Questions: gome action ON OPEFANES, Operar, i ich performs pols which perton ‘on it. + Operators are special sym hold the value and operators perform + Arithmetic operators. Relations! Ol categories of operators. = Expression is a Python state operands. a + Each and every Pro’ uires three stag + The input is taken ff program. + Processing stat «The output is the result whic! statement. - « Anerror in a program is called 2 DUS . ae error, fogteal werror and runtime errors OTe the different categories of errors atement(s) in a cOMPOUNA stateme . i sed to re} resent the Python st Nt i; Incentaton ie weed pound statement must PS iiglented by @ Set number od Logical OPCFALOTS ein, nt nt which iS 2 combination of OPerators ang mer put ~ Process ~ Output fatement oF declared Within the a ctions used after the input given, s and fun jements are the formulas BT ocessing statements Using prin) nis displayed 4g removing this error is called debugging spaces (usually four) 7 R _SSHSE 0 ning of ine 6 pat of ndemuaon, SEWN NS significant. eto syntax eros. = Wrong indentation can give ris 1. One of the following is not true for a variable name a. Spaces are allowed. b. It begins with a lowercase alphabet. c. Letters, numbers and (_) underscore characters are allowed. d. Special characters like @, *, % are allowed. 2. The file extension for a Python program is a. py b. .pyt c ph d. .python 3. The function used to convert a string of digits into an integer. a. convert() b. int) c. string() d.str() Artificial Intelligence Scanned with CamScanner e p. Double Quotes (” ¥) qe Tiple quotes ("*« «4 g, Any of them . all control flow statements in Semicolon (; ) b. Hash sign ( #) ¢. Colon (:) g, Full Stop (.) his statement checks if a i: é * Paes = ‘hon equal to b, b. ifa<=b: c ifa< ==b: d. ifa>= 7, Number of white-spaces used for indentation: a 4 b. 5 « 3 d. 6 8. A process where a set of instructions are repeated in a sequence for a number of times until a condition is met. Python end with: a. Looping b. Iteration ¢. Sequential d. Selection 9. The function range(4) will return a sequence:. o. 1,2,3,4 b. 1,2,3 « 0,1,2,3 d. 0,1, 2,3,4 10. The function range(10, 0, -5) will return a eu b.-5 «10 “5 "0 d.0510 Pytlion Programming Language 8 Scanned with CamScanner 143 RWNH ONAD ve oxomPie riable i ava in a Python What is a variable? Gi Mention the important pol What is input() functio Which of the following are Sum_total, $Name, What is the difference betw How is if..else statement ex’ Why is indentation importa What will be the output o n2 Give Sy! invali f the foll ile creating nd an example. 12rupees float, and == operators? een = ecuted? nt while using if statements. lowing statements? Scanned with CamScanner Prog, a inis chapter, we will discuss the Fatowing tOPICS ee nition and purpose of a list ntroduction to Python wogramming: process of writing Program, running it, and print statements . simple problem statements: finding the maximum, minimum, mean, linear search on list of numbers, gndcounting the frequency of elements ina list + Questions and Answers At the ena be able to: Objectives of this chapter, you should | | Create simple programs using | lists, Recognize the use of a data |! structure list t i 0 store piec \ information. oe ‘Traverse a list and perform various |, list operations. | Differentiate between various list | methods and built-in functions. efore declaring a variable/identifier in our program, we should | understand the use of it. In the previous chapter, we saw how the data type plays a very important role in creating the program. Different data jgesare used in the program as per the requirement of the code. Now, in this copier, we will understand theconcept of one of fl jneknown as a list in Python. htroduction to a List in Python ‘lstin Python is an ordered collection of one or “a fypes, “We have already studied about the different 1 String, tuple, or another list. he collections of the data more elements of different data types in python as integer, ee Scanned with CamScanner The various Pro} erties of Lists cr that is,onY element IP « Lists are mutable, Jements together. creation. capes « Lists are useful to store multiple YP © sare brackets. «Elements in the list are enc! * Each element in a list * Each element in the location. + The location of the very first element by 1, and so on- * The last element in * To get the first element, 7 arated by 4 oe is sep referenced with the help of its ing Sy list can be in the list starts from 0, Second oy, Tait Ts the list oF 5 integer elements tact tact? Ge t20, 12, 25, 29 201 List2 is the list of 4 ety names (which Is of type string) tyyderabad', ‘cateutea"l to) tase = [rpetns, "Bombay's bast? syyderabad’, ‘Caheutta'l Ge Utena, "Beaker! List3 is the list of 3 floating point numbers ft) base = eg tase3 Ge 120.53, 12,538, 198-41 ists Listé is the list of 4 elements of mixed datatypes - integer, floating point number, string 2 od ati 12, $27, Mew DeInA HT Ly mista = (59, *todia! tasté {10, tindiat, 239.22, 12, 4.7, & tNew Dethit}) Figure10.1: Scree .1: Screenshot of diff i oe 146 Artificial Intelligence ot Scanned with CamScanner Fig 10.2: Se : Screenshot of acce: lists created in colob research ocolecone -google.com fe slicing operation can also be used to ext ed to access a num xtract el i mepecified location ae elements together Renae ies Te list Ween eal index location sateen) atte len Wee i 1 s from where to een the index locations ond ihen,the next index location means eee followed by a colon, an that. 7 1g elements from lists accessin google.com Figure 10.3: Screenshot of colab.researc! using the slice operation created in Python List @_147 Scanned with CamScanner i " from the beginn i i P we ments TT ginnin Traversing a List in ada all the clemocation number as Bo Traversing list means 0, She nde Monge, the fs! MUmEe sechg 1S, . the last element. To do a SP Rtg, speci + specifies that the list wit, the previous example. When you SP! umber SP i is not specif i bees hird number is not spe the starting index location ah Eee pen if the ti do spat fetched one less than the sec faut i token 8 1. Ot, ne FF mbar sce’ Teh ext element will tet th i ifie ithe n ! the third number is specified of and then fetching the list from a location using the step statemen while loop. The concept ofthe joc list using a for loop or ve euse the for loop ieee You can ee a fe using evious Phapter. loop is already tava! in Figure 10. elements from the list as shown in Figure 10-4) Figure10.4: Screenshot of accessing elements from lists Using the for loop using colab.research.google.com Figure 10.5: Use of while loop 148 Artificial Intelligence Scanned with CamScanner : elements f; ; pile ii Tom the list ag shown gut? built-in functions that can be use, rm vad a Moython built-in functions are those which, are alread oes OPerations sta specific Purpose and syntax, Teady defined with the et i) number of elements in the list. P< "@4 list, that is, the i len(list_name) Example: F of elenents in List fen (taseay) arker of elenents in List: ¢ Figure 10.6: len() function It creates an empty list if no argument is passed and creates a list if a sequence is Passed as an argument. Syntax: list) Example: Eisea=lise() #creates an expey lise using sequence Figure 10.7: list () function ist @ 149 Python Scanned with CamScanner append() insert() 150 RB Artic Inetigence ne end of the list. The ele t! 7 san clement nt with the function. nar Ment ig rt add passed as @ Syntax: (item) List_name.append Example: Figure 10.8: append() function It is used to add an element at a particular index in the list. It uses two arguments. The first one is the index location where the element has to be added and the second argument is the number which is to be added, Syntax: List_name.insert(index, element) Example: 22, 87] 10, 22, 87) Figure 10.9: insert() function Scanned with CamScanner

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