UNIT 4 – ELECTROMAGENTIC motional emf induced in the imaginary

INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING conductor PR.

CURRENT 𝜀𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝜀𝑃𝑅 = 𝐵𝑣𝑙 = 𝐵𝑣(2𝑟)
Text Book One Marks Solved Therefore, potential difference developed
1.An electron moves on a straight line path across the ring is 2rBv with R is at higher
XY as shown in the potential.
figure. The coil (d) 2rBvand R is at higher potential
abcd is adjacent to 3. The flux linked with a coil at any instant
the path of the t is given by ∅𝐵 = 10𝑡 2 − 50𝑡 + 250
electron. What will be the direction of The induced emf at t = 3s is
current, if any, induced in the coil? (a) −190 V (b) −10 V
(a) The current will reverse its direction as (c) 10 V (d) 190 V
the electron goes past the coil Hint :
𝑑 𝑑
(b) No current will be induced 𝜀=−
𝑑𝑡
(𝑑𝜙𝐵 ) =
𝑑𝑡
(10𝑡 2 − 50𝑡 + 250) = −(20𝑡 − 50)
(c) abcd Sub 𝑡 = 3 in above equation
(d) adcb (b) −10 V
Hint : When the electron moves from X to 4. When the current changes from +2A to
Y. the flux linked with the coil abcd −2A in 0.05 s, an emf of 8 V is induced in
(which is into the page) will first increase a coil. The co-efficient of self-induction of
and then decrease as the electron passes the coil is
by. So the induced current in the coil will (a) 0.2 H (b) 0.4 H (c) 0.8 H (d) 0.1 H
be first anticlockwise and will reverse its 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑖
Hint : 𝜀 = −𝐿 ;L =−
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
direction (i.e. will become clockwise) as 𝑑𝑖 −4 8
the electron goes past the coil. = 𝑙= − −4 = 0.1 𝐻
𝑑𝑡 𝟎.𝟎𝟓
𝟎.𝟎𝟓
(a) The current will reverse its direction (d) 0.1 H
as the electron goes past the coil 5. The current i flowing in a coil varies
2. A thin semi-circular conducting ring with time as shown in the figure. The
(PQR) of radius r is variation of induced emf with time would
falling with its plane be
vertical in a horizontal
magnetic field B, as
shown in the figure. The potential
difference developed across the ring when
its speed v, is
(a) Zero
𝐵𝑣𝜋𝑟 2
(b) and P is at higher potential
2
(c) πrBv and R is at higher potential
(d) 2rBvand R is at higher potential
Hint : Motional emf induced in the semi
circular ring PQR is equivalent to the
12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 1
Hint : In (a) ; 0 to T/4 - Flux changes ( (a) 1/2 (b) 1/ √2 (c) 1 (d) √3 /2
negative ) , T/4 to T/2 – no changes in flux Hint : 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶
T/2 to 3T/4 flux changes ( positive) 𝑅
Power factor 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅ = = 1 where R = Z
𝑍
(c) 1
10. In a series RL circuit, the resistance
(a)
and inductive reactance are the same.
6. A circular coil with a cross-sectional
Then the phase difference between the
area of 4 cm2 has 10 turns. It is placed at
voltage and current in the circuit is
the centre of a long solenoid that has 15
(a) π/4 (b) π/2 (c)π/6 (d) zero
turns/cm and a cross-sectional area of 10 𝑋𝐿
cm2. The axis of the coil coincides with the Hint : 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑅 => tan ∅ = =1
𝑅
axis of the solenoid. What is their mutual (a) π/4
inductance? 11. In a series resonant RLC circuit, the
(a) 7.54 μH (b) 8.54 μH voltage across 100 Ω resistor is 40 V. The
(c) 9.54 μH (d) 10.54 μH resonant frequency ω is 250 rad/s. If the
Hint : value of C is 4 μF, then the voltage across
M = 𝜇0 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝐴2 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 15 × 10−2 × 10 × 4 × 10−4 L is
(a) 7.54 μH (a) 600 V (b) 4000 V (c) 400V (d) 1 V
7. In a transformer, the number of turns in 1 1
Hint : 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 = 𝜔𝐶 = 250×4×10−6 = 103 Ω
the primary and the secondary are 410 and
𝑉 40
1230 respectively. If the current in primary 𝐼= = = 0.4 𝐴
𝑅 100
is 6A, then that in the secondary coil is
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑋𝐿 = 400𝑉
(a) 2 A (b) 18 A (c) 12 A (d) 1 A
𝑁𝑠 𝐼𝑝 𝑁𝑝 𝐼𝑝 410×6
(c) 400V
Hint : = → 𝐼𝑠 = = = 2𝐴 12. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 50 μF
𝑁𝑝 𝐼𝑠 𝑁𝑠 1230
(a) 2 A and a resistor 40 Ω are connected in series
8. A step-down transformer reduces the across a source of emf v = 10 sin 340 t.
supply voltage from 220 V to 11 V and The power loss in AC circuit is
increase the current from 6 A to 100 A. (a) 0.76 W (b) 0.89 W
Then its efficiency is (c) 0.46 W (d) 0.67 W
(a) 1.2 (b) 0.83 (c) 0.12 (d) 0.9 Hint : 𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 cos Φ =
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 11×100 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑅
Hint : 𝜂 = = = 0.83 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 ( )𝑍
𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 220×6 𝑍
𝑉𝑜
(b) 0.83 𝑍 = √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 , 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = = 7.07
√2
9. In an electrical circuit, R, L, C and AC 1
𝑋𝐿 = 𝐿𝜔 = 6.8 , 𝑋𝐶 = = 58.8
voltage source are all connected in series. 𝜔𝐶

When L is removed from the circuit, the 𝑍 = √402 + (58.8 − 6.8)2 = 65.6
phase difference between the voltage and 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑅
𝑃𝑎𝑣 = ( ) = 0.46
current in the circuit is π /3 . Instead, if C is 𝑍 𝑍
removed from the circuit, the phase (c) 0.46 W
difference is again π /3 . The power factor
of the circuit is
12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 2
13. The instantaneous values of alternating Creative One Marks Solved
current and voltage in a circuit are 1. When the angle of orientation 𝜔𝑡 =
1 1 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑖 = sin(100𝜋𝑡)𝐴 & 𝑣 = sin(100𝜋𝑡 + 𝑜𝑟 the value of the induced emf is
√2 √2 2 2
𝜋
)𝑉.The average power in watts consumed a) 0 b) 𝐸0 c) 𝑁𝐴𝐵𝜔 d) −𝑬𝟎
3
in the circuit is 2. A power of 11 KW is in transmitted
(a) ¼ (b) √3 / 4 (c) ½ (d) 1/8 through 220 V. the current through line
Hint : 𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 𝑉𝑚2𝐼𝑚 cos Φ = 12 × √12 × √12 × cos 𝜋3 = 18 wire is
(d) 1/8 a) 5A b) 0.5 A c) 50 A d) 500 A
14.In an oscillating LC circuit, the Solution:
𝑃 11000
maximum charge on the capacitor is Q. 𝐼= = = 𝟓𝟎 𝐀
The charge on the capacitor when the 𝑉 220
3. The reactance offered by 300 mH
energy is stored equally between the
conductor to an AC supply of frequency 50
electric and magnetic fields is
𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 Hz is
(a) (b) (c) (d) Q a) 942 Ω b) 94.2 𝛀
2 √3 √2
𝑄2 c) 1046 Ω d) 104.6 Ω
Hint : 𝑈 =
2𝐶
Solution:
Energy stored equally therefore charge on
𝑋𝐿 = 𝐿𝜔 = 300 × 10−3 × 2 × 3.14 × 30 = 94.2 Ω
1 𝑄2 𝑄
the capacitor = × = 4. The frequency at which 2 H inductor
2 2𝐶 √2
𝑸 with reactance of 20 𝜋 Ω is an AC circuit
(c)
√𝟐 with inductor only is
20
15. inductor is connected to a capacitor a) 15 Hz b) 5 Hz c) 50 Hz d) 100 Hz
𝜋2
of capacitance C. The value of C in order Solution:
to impart maximum power at 50 Hz is 𝑋𝐿 = 20 𝜋
(a) 50 μF (b) 0.5 μF 𝐿 × 2𝜋𝛾 = 20𝜋
(c) 500 μF (d) 5 μF 2 × 2 × 3.14𝛾 = 20 × 3.14
Hint : 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 4𝛾 = 20
1 𝛾 = 𝟓 𝐇𝐳
𝐿𝜔 =
𝜔𝐶 5. The dimensional formula for induced
1
𝐶 = 2 = 5 × 10−6 𝐹 emf is
𝜔 𝐿
(d) 5 μf a) [𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −1 ] b) [𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −1 𝑄]
c) [𝑴𝑳𝟐 𝑻−𝟐 𝑸−𝟐 ] d) [𝑀𝐿−2 𝑇 −1 𝑄−1 ]
6. If a wire cuts across a flux of 2 ×
10−2 𝑊𝑏 in 0.1 s then the induced emf is
a) 0.1 V b) 2 V
c) 0.02 V d) 0.2 V
Solution:
𝑑𝜙 2 × 10−2
𝑒= = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝑽
𝑑𝑥 0.1

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 3

7. Mutual inductance of two coils is 12. A circuit has resistance
maximum when the coil are 30 Ω , inductive reactance 𝑋𝐿 = 20 Ω of
a) facing each other a frequency of 50 Hz. If an A.C. source of
b) inclined at an angle of 𝟔𝟎° 200V,100Hz is connected across the coil,
c) touching each other the current flowing through it
20
d) inclined at an angle of 45° a) 𝐴 b) 2A c) 4A d) 8A
√𝐿3
8. A transformer is used to light a 100 W
Solution:
and 110 V bulb from 220 V mains. If the
𝑓 ′ = 100 𝐻𝑧 ; 𝑓 ′ = 2𝑓 ; 𝑋𝐿1 = 2𝑋𝐿
main circuit is 0.5 A then the efficiency of
the transformer is 𝑍 = √900 + 1600 = 502
𝑉0 200
a) 80 % b) 90 % c) 60 % d) 45 % 𝐼= 1= = 𝟒𝐀
Solution: 2 50
13. Which of the following remains same
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝜂= × 100 ; 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 0.5 × 220 = 110 𝑊 in a practical transformer?
𝑃𝑖𝑛
100 a) power b) current
𝜂= × 100 ≅ 90.9% = 𝟗𝟎 % c) frequency d) voltage
110
9. The inductance L for which current is 14. A rectangular coil of 100 turns and size
maximum in a series LCR circuit where 0.1 𝑚 × 0.05 𝑚 is placed perpendicular to
10 𝜇 𝐹 capacitor and angular frequency of a magnetic field of 0.1 T. If the field drops
1000 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑠 −1 is to 0.05 T in o.o5 s, the magnitude of the
a) 10 mH b) 1 mH emf induced in the coil is
c) 100 mH d) 0.1 mH a) 0.5 V b) 0.75 V c) 1.0 V d) 1.5 V
Solution: Solution:
𝑁𝐴(𝐵𝑓 − 𝐵𝑖 )
Frequency 𝜀=−
1 1 𝑡
𝑓= ;𝜔= 100 × 0.1 × 0.05 × (0.05 − 0.1)
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 √𝐿𝐶 =− = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐕
1 1 0.05
𝐿= = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐇 15. A wire of length 1 m moves with a
𝜔 𝐶 (1000) × (10 × 10−6 )
2 2

10. The dimensions of impedance are speed of 10 𝑚𝑠 −1 , perpendicular to a

a) 𝑀−1 𝐿−3 𝑇 3 𝐼 2 b) 𝑴𝑳𝟐 𝑻−𝟑 𝑰−𝟐 magnetic field. If the emf induced in the
c) 𝑀𝐿3 𝑇 −3 𝐼 −2 d) 𝑀−1 𝐿−2 𝑇 −3 𝐼 2 wire is 1V, the magnitude of the field is
11. The potential; difference across a) 0.01 T b) 0.1 T c) 0.2 T d) 0.02 T
resistor, inductor and capacitance are 80V, Solution:
100V and 40 V respectively in an LCR 𝜀 1
𝜀 = 𝐵𝑙𝑣 = 𝐵 = = = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝐓
circuit. The power factor of the circuit is 𝑙𝑣 1 × 10
16. A coil of area 10 𝑐𝑚2 , 10 turns and
a) 0.4 b) 0.5 c) 0.8 d) 1.0
resistance 20 Ω is placed in a magnetic
Solution:
field directed perpendicular to the plane of
𝑉𝑅 = 80 𝑉 ; 𝑉𝑐 = 40 𝑉 ; 𝑉𝐿 = 100 𝑉
𝑅 𝑉𝑅 the coil and changing at the rate of
Power factors cos 𝜙 = =
𝑧 𝑉 108 𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑. The induced current
𝑉𝑅 80 80
cos 𝜙 = = =
100
in the coil will be
√𝑉𝑅2 + (𝑉𝐿 − 𝑉𝐶 )2 √6400 + 3600
= 𝟎. 𝟖 a) 5 A b) 0.5 A c) 0.005 A d) 50 A
12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 4
Solution: 21. A 40 Ω electric heater is connected to
𝑑 𝑑𝐵 200 V,50 Hz main supply. The peak value
𝜀 = (𝑁𝐴𝐵) = 𝑁𝐴 ;
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 of the electric current flowing in the circuit
𝜀 = 10 × 10 × 10−4 × 104 is approximately
𝜀 = 100 𝑉 a) 2.5 A b) 5A c) 7A d) 10 A
𝜀 100 Solution:
𝐼= = = 5𝐴
𝑅 20 𝑉0 200√2
17. A coil of cross – sectional area 400 𝐼0 = = = 5√2 ≈ 𝟕𝐀
𝑅 40
𝑐𝑚2 having 30 turns is making 1800 22. The impedance of a circuit consists of
rev/min in a magnetic field of it. The peak 3 Ω resistance and 4 Ω resistance. The
value of the induced emf is power factor of the circuit is
a) 113 V b) 226 V c) 339 V d) 452 V a) 0.4 b) 0.6 c) 0.8 d) 1.0
Solution: Solution:
𝜀𝑚 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴 𝜔 = 30 × 1 × 400 × 10−4 × 30 × 2𝜋 = 𝟐𝟐𝟔 𝐕 4 3
2 tan 𝜙 = 3 ; Power factor = cos 𝜙 = 5 = 𝟎. 𝟔
18. A coil of area 80 𝑐𝑚 and 50 turns is
rotating with 2000 revolutions per minute 23. The power in AC circuit is given by
about an axis perpendicular to a magnetic 𝑃 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 cos 𝜙. the value of the power
field of 0.05 T. The maximum value of the factor cos 𝜙 in series LCR circuit at
emf developed in it is resonance is
1 1
10𝜋 𝟒𝝅 2 a) Zero b) 1 c) d)
a) 2000 𝜋 V b) 𝑉 c) 𝑽 d) V 2 √2
3 𝟑 3
Solution: Solution:
𝜀 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴 𝜔 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
cos 𝜙 = = = =𝟏
2𝜋 × 2000 4𝜋 𝑍 √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝑐 ) 𝑅
= 50 × 0.05 × 80 × 10−4 × ( )= 𝑉
60 3
24. In a series LCR circuit 𝑅 = 10Ω and
19. The self – inductance of a coil is 5H. a
the impedance 𝑍 = 20 Ω . Then the phase
current of 1 A changes to 2 A within 5 s
difference between the current and the
through the coil. The value of induced emf
voltage is
will be
a) 𝟔𝟎° b) 30° c) 45° d) 90°
a) 10 V b) 0.1 V c) 1.0 V d) 100 V
Solution:
Solution:
𝑅 10 1
𝑑𝑖 2−1 cos 𝜙 = = = = 𝝓 = 𝟔𝟎°
|𝜀| = |𝐿 | = 5 × ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟎 𝐕 𝑍 20 2
𝑑𝑡 5
25. What is the value of inductance L for
20. If N is the number of turns in a coil, the
which the current is maximum in a series
value of self – inductance varies as,
LCR circuit with 𝐶 = 10 𝜇𝐹 and 𝜔 =
a) 𝑁° b) N c) 𝑵𝟐 d) 𝑁 −2
1000 𝑠 −1 ?
Solution:
a) 1 mH
According to self inductance of long
b) 10 mH
solenoid
c) 100 mH
𝜇0 𝑁 2 𝐴
𝐿= => 𝐿 ∝ 𝑵𝟐 d) cannot be calculated unless R is known
𝑙

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 5

Solution: of 0.2 Wb/m2. The magnetic flux through
1 1
𝐿= = = 0.1 𝐻 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐇 the coil is
𝜔 𝐶 (1000) × 10 × 10−6
2 2
a) 100 Wb b) 10 Wb c) 1 Wb d) zero
26.An emf of 12 V is induced when the
Solution:
current in the coil changes from 2 A to 6 A
𝜙𝐵 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴 cos 𝜃 = 0.5 × 10 × 0.2 × cos 0 = 1𝑊𝑏
in 0.5 s. The coefficient of self – induction 33. An e.m.f of 12V is induced when the
of the coil is current in the coil changes at the rate of 40
a) 1.5 H b) 6 H c) 0.3 H d) 30 H As-1. The Coefficient of self – induction of
Solution: the coil is
−𝜀 12 6
𝐿= = = = 1.5 𝐻 a) 0.3 H b) 0.003 H c) 30 H d) 4.8 H
𝑑𝑖/𝑑𝑡 6 − 2/0.5 4 Solution:
27. In an a.c. circuit with an inductor 𝜀 12
a) Voltage lags current by π/2 𝐿= = = 50𝐴
𝑑𝑖/𝑑𝑡 40
b) voltage and current are in phase 34. That part of the A.C, generator that
c) voltage leads current by π passes. The current from the coil to the
d) current lags voltage by π/2 external circuit is
28. The unit of henry can also be written as a) field magnet b) split rings
a) V As-1 b) Wb-1 A c) slip – rings d) brushes
c) Ω s d) all of these 35. The r.m.s. value of the alternating
29. The generator rule is current flowing through a resistor is 5A.its
a) Fleming’s left hand rule peak value is
b) Fleming’s right hand rule a) 3.536 A b) 70.7 A
b) Maxwell’s right hand corkscrew rule c) 7.07A d) 7A
d) Right hand palm rule Solution:
30. The power loss is less in transmission
𝐼𝑚 = √2 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 1.414 × 5 = 7.07 𝐴
line when
36. In an A.c. circuit average power
a) voltage is less but current is more
consumed is 200 W and the apparent
b) both voltage and current are more
power is 300 W. the power factor is
c) voltage is more but current is less
a) 1.5 b) 0.66 c) 0.33 d) 1
d) both voltage and current are less
Solution:
31. In an a.c. circuit, the current I = Io
𝑃𝑎𝑣 200
sin(ωt - π/2 ) lags behind the e.m.f. cos ∅ = = = 0.66
𝑃𝑎𝑝𝑝 300
e = Eo sin ( ωt + π/2 ) by
37. The effective value of alternating
a) 0 b) π/4 c) π/2 d) π
current is
Solution: 𝐼 𝑰𝑶
𝜋 𝜋 a) 𝑂 b) c) I0 √2 d) 2 I0
∅ = − (− ) = 𝜋 2 √𝟐
2 2 38. A rectangular coil is uniformly rotated
32. A coil of area of cross – section 0.5m2 in a uniform magnetic field such that the
with 10 turns is in a plane which is axis of rotation is perpendicular to the
perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field direction of the magnetic field. When the

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 6

plans of the coil is perpendicular to the a) The instantaneous emf and current
magnetic field equations of an a.c circuit are respectively
a) (i) Magnetic flux is zero. (ii) induced 43. e = 200 sin (ωt + π/3 ) and i = 10 sin ωt
e.m.f is zero The average power consumed over one
b) (i) magnetic flux ix maximum (ii) complete cycle is:
induced e.m.f is maximum a) 2000 W b) 1000 W
c) (i) magnetic flux is maximum (ii) c) 500 W d) 707 W
induced e.m.f is zero Solution:
d) (i) magnetic flux is zero, (ii) induced 𝜋
𝑉𝑚 𝐼𝑚 10 × 200 × cos 3
e.m.f is maximum 𝑃𝑎𝑣 = cos Φ = = 500𝑊
2 2
39. In an a.c. circuit, the current leads the 44. If an emf of 25V is induced when the
𝜋
voltage by a phase of , then the circuit current in the coil changes at the rate of
2
100 As-1, then the coefficient of self
has
induction of the coil is :
a) Only an inductor (L)
a) 0.3 H b) 0.25 H
b) only a capacitor (C)
c) 2.5 H d) 0.25 mH
c) only a resistor (R)
Solution:
d) L, C and R in series
𝜀 25
40. The resonant frequency of RLC circuit 𝐿= = = 0.25 𝐻
𝑑𝑖/𝑑𝑡 100
is 𝛾0 The inductance is doubled. The
45. In an A.C Circuit, the instantaneous
capacitance is also doubled. Now the
values of emf and current are respectively
resonant frequency of the circuit is
𝜸 𝛾 𝛾 e = 200 sin ((ωt - π/3 ) i = 10 sin (ωt + π/6 )
a) 2𝛾0 b) 𝟎 c) 0 d) 0
𝟐 4 √2 (a) voltage lags behind current by a phase
41. When the frequency of an a.c. circuit angle of π/3
increases, the capacitive reactance offered (b) current leads voltage by a phase angle
by capacitor connected in the circuit of π/6
a) increases b) decreases (c) Current leads voltage by a phase
c) remains the same d) becomes zero angle of π/2
Solution: (d) voltage leads current by a phase angle
1 1 1
𝑋𝐶 = = ; 𝑋𝐶 𝛼 of π/2
𝜔𝐶 2𝜋𝑣𝐶 𝑣
42. The coefficient of self – induction of a Solution:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
solenoid is independent of Phase difference = − − ( ) = −
3 6 6
a) the number of turns in coil 46. Electromagnetic induction is not used
b) the area of cross – section of the coil in
c) the length of the coil a) Transformer b) room heater
d) the current passing through the coil. c) A.C. generator d) choke coil
Solution:
𝑁 𝜇0 𝑁 2 𝐴
𝐿 = 𝜇𝑛2 𝐴𝑙 (∴ 𝑛 = ) , 𝐿 = ;
𝑙 𝑙
𝐿 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝑛2 𝐴𝑙

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 7

47.The angle between the area vector A d) lags behind the voltage
and plane of the area A is 54. In RLC series circuit, at resonance
a) π b) 2π c)π/2 d) Zero a) Current is minimum
48. If the flux associated with a coil varies b) impedance is maximum
at the rate of 1 Wb/minute then the induced c) Circuit is purely inductive
e.m.f. is d) current is in phase with the voltage
a)1V b) 1/60 V c) 60 V d) 0.60 V 55. Lenz’s law is in accordance with the
𝑑 1 𝑊𝑏 1 law of
𝜀=− (𝜙𝐵 ) = =
𝑑𝑡 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 60
a) conservation of energy
Solution:
b) conservation of charge
49. The average power consumed over one
c) conservation of momentum
cycle in an a.c. circuit is
d) conservation of angular moment
a) Erms Irms b) Erms Irmscos∅
56. The self – inductance of a straight
c) Erms Irms sin∅ d) E0 I0
conductor is
50. In LCR series a.c. circuit, the phase
a) Zero b) infinity
difference between current and voltage is
c) very large d) very small
30o. The reactance of the circuit is 17.32 Ω.
57. In an AC Circuit with capacitor only, if
The value of resistance is
the frequency of the signal is zero then the
a) 30 Ω b) 10 Ω
capacitive reactance is
c) 17.32 Ω d) 1.732 Ω
a) Infinity b) zero
Solution:
c) finite maximum d) finite minimum
(𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 ) 17.32
R= = = 30Ω Solution:
tan ∅ tan 30° 1 1
51. In a step – up transformer the input 𝑋𝐶 = = 𝑣 = 0 which means
𝜔𝐶 2𝜋𝑣𝐶
voltage is 220 V and the output voltage is 1
𝑋𝐶 = = ∞
0
11 kV. The ratio of number of turns of
58. The reactance offered by 300 mH
primary to secondary is
inductor to an AC supply of frequency 50
a) 50 : 1 b) 1 : 50 c) 25 :1 d) 1 : 25
Hz is
Solution:
a) 1046 Ω b) 94.2 Ω
𝑁𝑝 𝐸𝑝 220 1
= = = c) 9420 Ω d) 104.6 Ω
𝑁𝑠 𝐸𝑠 11 × 103 50
Solution:
52. A direct current of 5A produces the 𝑋𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑣𝐿 = 300 × 10−3 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 = 94.2
same heating effect as an A.C. (alternating 59. The r.m.s value of an a.c voltage with a
current) of peak value of 311 V is
a) 50 A rms current b) 5 A peak current a) 110 V b) 220 V c) 50 V d) 70.7 V
c) 5 A rms current d) none of these Solution:
53. In LCR circuit when XL = XC the 𝐸𝑚
current 𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠 = = 311 × 0.707 = 220𝑉
√2
a) is zero 60. Which of the following devices does
b) is in phase with the voltage not allow direct current (D.C.) to pass
c) leads the voltage through?
12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 8
a) Capacitor b) Inductor Short Answer Questions
c) Resistor d) All of these Book Back
Solution: 1.What is meant by electromagnetic
1 induction?
For dc 𝑣 = 0: 𝑋𝐶 = = ∞
0
✓ Whenever the magnetic flux linked
61. A power of 11,000 W is transmitted at
with a closed coil changes, an emf is
220 V. The current through line wire is
induced and hence an electric
a) 50 A b) 5 A c) 500 A d) 0.5A
current flows in the circuit.
Solution:
𝑃 11000 ✓ This current is called an induced
𝐼= = = 50𝐴 current and the emf giving rise to
𝑉 220
62. In an A.C. Circuit such current is called an induced
a) the average value of current is zero emf.
b) the average value of square of current is ✓ This phenomenon is known as
zero electromagnetic induction.
c) the average power dissipation is zero
d) the rms current is √2 times of peak 2.State Faraday’s law of electro
magnetic induction.
current
63. Which of the following cannot be First law
stepped up in a transformer? Whenever magnetic flux linked with a
closed circuit changes, an emf is induced
a) Input current b) Input voltage
c) Input power d) All of these in the circuit.
64. For a.d.c. circuit, the value of Second law
The magnitude of induced emf in a closed
capacitive reactance (Xc ) is
𝜋 circuit is equal to the rate of change of
a) zero b) infinity c) d) π
2 magnetic flux linked with the circuit.
65. The Q-factor (quality factor) of an a.c,
circuit containing a resistance L and 3.State Lenz’s law
capacitor C is It states that the direction of the
1 1 𝐶 induced current is such that it always
a) Q = b) Q = √
√𝐿𝐶 𝑅 𝐿
opposes the cause responsible for its
𝟏 𝑳 1 production.
c) Q = √ d) Q =
𝑹 𝑪 √𝐿𝐶𝑅
66. In a three phase AC generator by three 4.State Fleming’s right hand rule
coils are fastened rigidly together and are The thumb , index finger and middle
displaced from each other by an angle finger of right hand stretched out in
a) 90o b) 180o c) 120o d) 360o mutually perpendicular direction .If the
67. A DC of 5A produces the same heating index finger points the direction of the
effect as an AC of magnetic field and the thumb indicates the
a) 50 A rms current b) 5A peak current direction of motion of the conductor, then
c) 5A rms current d) 5/ √2A peak current

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 9

the middle finger will indicate the direction 9.What is meant by mutual induction?
of the induced current. When an electric current passing
through a coil changes with time, an emf is
5.How is Eddy current is produced ? induced in the neighbouring coil. This
How do they flow in a conductor phenomenon is known as mutual induction
✓ For a conductor in the form of a and the emf is called mutually induced
sheet or plate, an emf is induced emf.
when magnetic flux linked with it
changes. 10.Give the principle of AC generator
✓ The induced currents flow in ✓ Its works on the principle of electro
concentric circular paths magnetic induction.
✓ As these electric currents resemble ✓ The relative motion between a
eddies of water, these are known as conductor and a magnetic field
Eddy currents 0r Foucault current changes the magnetic flux linked
with the conductor which in turns
6.Mention the ways of producing induces an emf.
induced emf .
𝐝 11.List out the advantages of stationary
𝛆= (BAcos𝛉)
𝐝𝐭
armature – rotating field system of AC
(i) By changing the magnetic field B
generator
(ii) By changing the area A of the coil and
1) The current is drawn directly from fixed
(iii) By changing the relative orientation θ
terminals on the stator without the use of
of the coil with magnetic field
brush contacts.
2) The insulation of stationary armature
7.What for an inductor is used ? .Give
winding is easier.
some examples
3) The number of sliding contacts (slip
Inductor is a device used to store energy in
rings) is reduced.
a magnetic field when an electric current
4) Armature windings can be constructed
flows through it.
more rigidly to prevent deformation due to
Examples - coils, solenoids and toroids
any mechanical stress.
8.What do you meant by self induction?
12.What are step up and step down
An electric current flowing through
transformer?
a coil will set up a magnetic field around it. 𝑽𝒔 𝑵𝑺 𝑰𝑷
Therefore, the magnetic flux of the = = =K
𝑽𝒑 𝑵𝑷 𝑰𝑺
magnetic field is linked with that coil For step-up transformer
itself. If this flux is changed by changing K > 1 VS > VP IS < IP
the current, an emf is induced in that same In which voltage is increased and the
coil.This phenomenon is known as self- corresponding current is decreased.
induction. For step-down transformer
K < 1 VS <VP IS > IP
12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 10
In which voltage is decreased and the 17.What do you meant by resonant
current is increased. frequency ?
✓ When the frequency of the applied
13.Define average value of an alternating source (ωr) is equal to
alternating current the natural frequency of the RLC
It is defined as average of all values 1
circuit ( ) , the current in the
√𝐿𝐶
of current over a positive half cycle or
circuit reaches its maximum value.
negative half cycle.
✓ Then the circuit is said to be in
14.How will you define RMS value of
electrical resonance. The frequency
alternating current?
at which resonance takes place is
✓ It is defined as that value of the
called resonant frequency.
steady current which when flowing
through a given circuit for a given
18.How will you define Q-factor?
time produces the same amount of
It is defined as the ratio of voltage across L
heat as produced by the alternating
or C to the applied voltage.
current when flowing through the 𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬 𝐋 𝐨𝐫 𝐂
same circuit for the same time. Q-factor =
𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞
✓ RMS value of alternating current is
defined as square root of mean of 19.What is meant by wattles current?
squares of all the current over one ✓ The current component (IRMS sin∅)
cycle which has a phase angle of π/2 with
the voltage is called reactive
15.What are phasors ? component.
A sinusoidal alternating voltage 𝝅
✓ Pav = VRMS IRMS cos∅ ∅=
𝟐
(or current) can be represented by a vector
→Pav = 0
which rotates about the origin in anti-
✓ So that it is also known as ‘Wattless’
clockwise direction at a constant angular
current.
velocity ω. Such a rotating vector is called
a phasor.
20.Give any one definition of power
factor
16.Define electrical resonance
It is defined as the ratio of true power to
✓ When the frequency of the applied
the apparent power of an ac circuit .It is
alternating source is equal to the
equal to the cosine of the phase angle
natural frequency of the RLC circuit,
between current and voltage in the a.c
the current in the circuit reaches its
circuit
maximum value. 𝐏𝐚𝐯 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
✓ Then the circuit is said to be in Power factor = =
𝐕𝐑𝐌𝐒 𝐈𝐑𝐌𝐒 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫
electrical resonance. The frequency
at which resonance takes place is
called resonant frequency.

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 11

21.What are LC oscillations? because the flux linked with the
Whenever energy is given to a solenoid does not change due to the
circuit containing a pure inductor of rotation of the magnet.
inductance L and a capacitor of
capacitance C, the energy oscillates back 4. A straight conducting wire is dropped
and forth between the magnetic field of the horizontally from a certain height with
inductor and the electric field of the its length along east – west direction.
capacitor. Will an emf be induced in it? Justify
Thus the electrical oscillations of definite your answer.
frequency are generated. These oscillations Yes! An emf will be induced in the
are called LC oscillations. wire because it moves perpendicular to the
horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic
Book Inside field.
1.Define magnetic flux
It is defined as the number of magnetic 5.How does eddy current is minimized in
field lines passing through that area transformer and electric motor?
normally The core of the transformer is made
𝝓𝑩 = ∫ ⃗𝑩 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑨
⃗⃗ = BA cos𝜽 up of thin laminas insulated from one
Unit : T m2 or Wb another while for electric motor the
winding is made up of a group of wires
2.What are the importance of insulated from one another
electromagnetic induction?
Home appliances to huge factory 6.Define Electromotive force
machineries, from cell phone to computers It is the work done in moving unit
and internet, from electric guitar to satellite electric charge around the circuit.
communication, all need electricity for Unit : J C-1 or volt.
their operation.All these are met with the
help of electric generators and transformers 7.What is undamped oscillation?
which function on electromagnetic In the ideal LC circuit, there is no
induction. loss of energy. Therefore, the oscillations
will continue indefinitely. Such oscillations
3. A cylindrical bar magnet is kept along are called undamped oscillations.
the axis of a circular solenoid is rotated
about its axis, find out whether an 8. How LC oscillations become damped
electric current is induced in the coil. oscillations?
✓ The magnetic field of a cylindrical The Joule heating and radiation of
magnet is symmetrical about its axis. electromagnetic waves from the circuit
✓ As the magnet is rotated along the decrease the energy of the system.
axis of the solenoid, there is no Therefore, the oscillations become damped
induced current in the solenoid

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 12

9. What is meant by wattful current? 12.Give the principle of Transformer
✓ The component of current (IRMS The principle of transformer is the mutual
cos∅ ) which is in phase with the induction between two coils. That is, when
voltage is called active component. an electric current passing through a coil
✓ Pav = VRMS IRMS cos∅ ∅ = 𝟎 → changes with time, an emf is induced in the
Pav = VRMS IRMS neighbouring coil.
✓ The power consumed by this
current. So that it is also known as 13.What do you meant by efficiency of
‘Wattful’ current. transformer
✓ The efficiency η of a transformer is
10. What is polyphase generator? defined as the ratio of the useful
It contains more than one coil in output power to the input power
𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓
the armature core and each coil produces η = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓
an alternating emf. In these generators,
✓ They are highly efficient devices
more than one emf is produced.
having their efficiency in the range
Additional information ;
of 96 – 99%.
Two phase generator - If there are two
alternating emfs produced in a generator, it
14.What is alternating voltage ?
is called two- phase generator.
An alternating voltage is the voltage
Three phase generator - In some AC
which changes polarity at regular intervals
generators, there are three separate coils,
of time and the direction of the resulting
which would give three separate emfs.
alternating current also changes
Hence they are called three-phase AC
accordingly.
generators.
15. Why resonance not occur in a RL
11.What are advantages of three phase
and RC circuits.?
generator?
✓ The phenomenon of electrical
1) For a given dimension of the generator,
resonance is possible when the
three-phase machine produces higher
circuit contains both L and C.
power output than a single-phase machine.
✓ Only then the voltage across L and
2) For the same capacity, three-phase
C cancel one another when VL and
alternator is smaller in size when compared
VC are 180° out of phase and the
to single phase alternator.
circuit becomes purely resistive.
3) Three-phase transmission system is
cheaper. A relatively thinner wire is
16. Give the Applications of series RLC
sufficient for transmission of three-phase
resonant circuit
power.
Filter circuits, oscillators, voltage
multipliers , tuning circuits of radio and
TV systems.

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 13

17.Explain about how tuning is done? Long Answer Question
✓ The tuning is commonly achieved Book Back
by varying capacitance of a parallel 1.Establish the fact that the relative
plate variable capacitor, thereby motion between the coil and the magnet
changing the resonant frequency of induces an emf in the coil of closed
the circuit. circuit .
✓ When resonant frequency is nearly ✓ When a bar magnet is placed close
equal to the frequency of the signal to a coil, some of the magnetic field
of the particular station, the lines of the bar magnet pass through
amplitude of the current in the the coil i.e., the magnetic flux is
circuit is maximum. linked with the coil.
✓ Thus the signal of that station alone ✓ When the bar magnet and the coil
is received. approach each other, the magnetic
flux linked with the coil increases.
18.Give the Advantages and ✓ So this increase in magnetic flux
disadvantages of AC over DC induces an emf and hence a transient
1) The generation of AC is cheaper than electric current flows in the circuit in
that of DC. one direction
2) When AC is supplied at higher ✓ At the same time, when they recede
voltages, the transmission losses are away from one another, the
small compared to DC transmission. magnetic flux linked with the coil
3) AC can easily be converted into DC decreases.
with the help of rectifiers. ✓ The decrease in magnetic flux again
induces an emf in opposite direction
19. Give the Disadvantages of AC and hence an electric current flows
in opposite direction.
✓ Alternating voltages cannot be used
✓ So there is deflection in the
for certain applications e.g. charging
galvanometer which indicates
of batteries, electroplating, electric
current is induced when when there
traction etc.
is a relative motion between the coil
✓ At high voltages, it is more
and the magnet.
dangerous to work with AC than DC
✓ Whenever the magnetic flux linked
with a closed coil changes, an emf
(electromotive force) is induced and
hence an electric current flows in the
circuit. This current is called an
induced current and the emf giving
rise to such current is called an
induced emf. This phenomenon is
known as electromagnetic induction.

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 14

2.Give an illustration of determining a magnetic field in the inward
direction of induced current by using direction i.e., in the direction
Lenz’s law of the Existing magnetic field.
✓ Consider a uniform magnetic field, ✓ Therefore, the flux decrease is
with its field lines perpendicular to opposed by the flow of induced
the plane of the current. From this, it is found that
paper and induced current flows in clockwise
pointing direction.
inwards. 3.Show that Lenz’s law is in accordance
✓ These field with the law of conservation of energy.
lines are ✓ According to Lenz’s law, when a
represented by magnet is moved either towards or
crosses (x) away from a coil, the induced
✓ A rectangular current produced opposes its motion.
metallic frame ✓ As a result, there will always be a
ABCD is placed resisting force on the moving
in this magnetic field, with its plane magnet.
perpendicular to the field. The arm ✓ Work has to be done by some
AB is movable so that it can slide external agency to move the magnet
towards right or left. against this resisting force. Here the
✓ If the arm AB slides to our right mechanical energy of the moving
side, the number of field lines magnet is converted into the
(magnetic flux) passing through the electrical energy which in turn, gets
frame ABCD increases and a current converted into Joule heat in the coil
is induced. i.e., energy is converted from one
✓ By Lenz’s law, the induced current form to another.
opposes this flux increase and it tries
to reduce it by producing another 4.Obtain an expression for Motional emf
magnetic field pointing outwards from Lorentz force
i.e., opposite to the existing ✓ Consider a straight conducting rod
magnetic field. AB of length l in a uniform
✓ From the direction of the magnetic ⃗ which is directed
magnetic field 𝐵
field thus produced, the direction of perpendicularly into the plane of the
the induced current is found to be paper .The length of the rod is
anti-clockwise by using right-hand normal to the magnetic field.
thumb rule. ✓ Let the rod move with a constant
✓ The leftward motion of arm AB velocity 𝑣 towards right side.
decreases magnetic flux. The ✓ When the rod moves, the free
induced current, this time, produces electrons present in it also move
with same velocity 𝑣 in 𝐵 ⃗ .

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 15

12th Saiveera’s Physics Centum Guide 16