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50 views7 pagesML Khanna
Very good for iit exams
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sambaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 7
LIST OF IMPORTANT FORMULAE
List (A)
Kinematics and Kinetics
1, Velocity is rate of change of displacement with respect to
time ave% or x and is + ive in the sense of x increasing.
2. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect
to time =a or v or ve and is + ive in the sense of x increasing.
3. If x and y be the components of velocity at any time ¢
parallel to the axes, the resultant_velocity
=VG7+97)
and its direction is given by tan vat
4. Radial velocity ote;
Transverse velocity = rQ. rd
2
Radial acceleration -£-,, “| =r -r62,
Transverse acceleration = r—~ +2 dr d®
= guid d0)\_id
r0+270= a(*% a)" 54070.
5. Tangential velocity ony.
Normal velocity = 0.
Tangential acceleration =
Normal acceleration = where p is the radius of curvature
at the point.
Angular velocity -2 =2snt. => where @ is the angle
between the tangent and a vector and p is the perpendicular @)
from the pole on the tangent.
Relative velocity : Velocity of P relative to Q
= Actual of P - actual of Q
LIST (B)
Rectilinear Motion
1, With usual notation for different cases.
veutft or utgt or u—gt or u-gsina.s
ssutt+5fP or utt+t gt? or ut-2 ge? or ut-Lg sina?
vaur+ 2fs or w+ 2gs or u2— 2gs or u? 2g sin as.
2. Max height =, © wt
. Max height = “— >
Bt oF 2g Qe sina
u
Time for Max height =4* Aor
f'g gsina
distance moved _ s-
AY locity. = ———___—_— =-.
verage velocity. time taken 7"?
3. Distance travelled in successive seconds from an A.P. whose
commen difference is f.
4. Simple Harmonic Motion.
Motion from the extreme position towards the centre.
ap (a -x) and ve-vp Va -x)
(Note — ive sign),
3. x=acos Vir
Motion from the centre towards the extreme position.
1 Pay toy
. a 2 .
2. Pap (a2 hand vee V@?—2)
(Note +ive sign),
3. x=asin Vur
Periodic time =1- 58 which is independent of amplitude.
Frequency. The frequency is the number of complete, os-
cillations per second. If n is the frequency and T the periodic
time, then (xi)
nT=1 or nest or 4rn? =p.
Elastic Strings.
Hooke’s Law. Tension in an elastic string is proportional to
extension beyond its normal length, i.e. if / be the normal length
and I’ the extended length, then extension in length is
-1 and Takeo.
. LIST (C) Projectiles
1. Equation of the path of a projectile is
1
=xtana-7>8>5 5
, 2 8 we cos? a
ax _, dk
2. +> =0,—= =
@ ae dt ucos & [const], x=u cos Ot
j2.
ii) Yap, Beau sincr— gh and y=usin out—} a?
ae a
3. Vertex is w sin o.cos & wu? sin?oe
a lg
2 cos?
Latus rectum 2 cosa 2 (Horizontal velocity).
2 oi. -2
Focus ul Sin &COS A =U" oo. oq
8g 2g
Locus of focus is x2+y*=—5.
4g
., ., 2
Height of directrix | = 28
Equation of directrix is yok,
2
Polar co-ordinates of focus }<, 2a-%
28) 2
2u sina
Time of flight = = : (vertical component of velocity).
2? si
Range = in ©. COS OL _
=—. sin 20= 2 (Horizontal)
& &
Xo |F
(Vertical components of velocity). (xii)
we 1
Max Range = 7 when a=; 7.
Greatest Height
uw? sin?ar _ (Vertical component of velocity)?
2g | 28
using - $ (Time of flight),
Time for greatest height =
Direction of motion at any time t is given by
tan 9 = “SiN. = gt = ¥ _ Vertical component
ucosa@ x Horizontal component’
Velocity at any point P
= 2g (height of directrix above P).
Time for a given height h is given by
hSusinar-tg?
The two values of ¢ correspond to two positions on the
parabola where the height is same.
Min velocity to pass through a point P (h, k)
Lelk+ VOF +i2))1 = [p(k + d)}!, where d= OP.
4. Inclined plane. If B is the inclination of the plane to the
horizontal and « the angle which the direction of projection makes
with the horizontal, then.
pee along the plane is u cos (0 — 8) subject to retardation
g sin B.
Velocity perpendicular to the plane is « sin (a—B) subject
to retardation g cos B.
Time of fight = 2usin (a B)
cos B
Range up the plane = 2u? cos a sin (0.- B)
gcos’ B
“Tootp [sin (2 & - B) — sin B)
2
Maximum range up the plane is =e +sin By’
‘ when 20. B = 31.
Range down the plane = 2u? cos asin (cr+ B)
gcos* B
= {sin (2 + B) +sin B)
cos” B (xiii)
Max. Range down the plane =
when 20+ B =37.
Condition for the particle to strike the plane normally—
cot B = 2 tan (a—).
5, Envelope of the paths described by a projectile for different
values of , all having the same velocity and same point- of
a(t
projection is x2 =— 4k (y— k) where k= £
LIST D Constrained Motion
1. Motion inside a vertical circle
as di
m—>=mv
de
=— mg sin.”
mn 2 =T-mgcos®
a
v? =u -2 ga(1 —cos @),
T or R= (—2ag + 3ag cos 8).
Incase u < V(2ag) the velocity will vanish somewhere between
@=0 and 0=5.
When the particle leaves the circular path, tension or
reaction is zero.
20 po
Hence cos @=— 5788 or cos = 5280 where a is
the angle which the radius to the point makes with the upward
drawn vertical from centre. .
Velocity when it leaves :
2
Vea ta 288 «ag cos a.
2. Motion outside a smooth vertical circle
ds
SS emg sin @.
name
wZemecoo-P
v? =u? + 2ag — 2ag cos @,
R= (Bag cos 0-1? 2a8). (xiv)
When the particle flies off, then reaction R=Q
2
ui +2a,
