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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
89 views24 pagesLanguage 23
Uploaded by
Lara WiesekCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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32
93
‘A Match 1-8 with a)-h) tomake sentences, Rewrite the sentences using the third conditional.
1 we had arrived eat 1b we a or hd oti cor bob d
2 I wouldn't have told her if Maya's car hadnt —
3 ihe hadnt fan ale, 2 Shefet itso she ant come tothe concert
4 We ould nae cated you She would
5 fd aoneal my homework 9 dent get the jb wast qatiies
6 Joh would have brought a present fnas
7 te teacher hadn't helped him 4 They int bay the house They dit have bnough roney
8 | would have bought that computer They would
42) he would rave failed the exam, 5 We lst the game. Our best player was injured
t) if het known it was your birthday. four best player hadnt
©) he wouldn't have crashed the car ere com
<6) we wouldnt have missed the pine.
6 Youn’ tell me you were coming so I didnt cook a meal
© ifithad been on sale. Lee oe
A ifetheoun it wasa secret.
@) | would have passed the course
1) if we'd had your number
[A Underine the corectaternative. BB Complete the sentences with the active or passive form of the
1 Oh not My wallet has being stolen! verbs in brackets, Use the verb tense in italics
hes been stolen/has stolen! 1 The magazine (rea) mainly by teenagers
2 Were those documents be sentsend/sent _it____ (uBR every month. preseat simple
by email or by po 2 Most of his programmes __ {pot fil) in Europe:
3 Not many houses or been bultarebeing he usually ‘wari ina present simple
bullae Being bud tthe moment 3 Thebook (wrt) by an esate
4 That pana st been played” - (describe) the war in Vietnam. past simple
hasnt be playea/hasnt been layed 4 Mylest company __ (make) clothes =
foryears. (ous) by amuttnatonal company called Ze. past imple
5 Cars that are parked illegally 5 Thebuikings ___(dlean and the walls
wil be removed being removed aid present perfect
tobe removed 5 (Give) anew ofce but |_ (ot move)
6 Are thas toys moke/be mode ade ingsin ther yet. present perfect
byhand? ? |___ {not caoh inthe over Instead,
7 We werent emploved/nat were employed __ se the gril present continuous
werent employ by the government 8 English (not spoken) everywhere in futur, Lots of
unt 1998, people (not speak) it future wil
8 Ve can't use the photocopier because
It's being repaired/epaiing be repared
right row.
‘A Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
1 What's my PIN number? fm forgttng/ forgotten ve forgotten
2 Can you smoke in the restaurant? J sure isn sure it isn/fm suet sn legal
3. What this drink t's definitely am not/definitlynotidefinite not orange juice
4 How old i he? surely foal sure/fiy sure he's twenty.
5. Whats Marla’s second name? | havent the cue/have aclue/haven' acu
6
7
8
\What3 the world’s biggest building? | have ro idea/have not iea/am no idea
Where do the Smiths lve? I not remember/can't to rememberican' remember.
When does the game start? nto hundred per cent certain/ertain hundred per cet
the hanced percent certoin butt might be at 200. oa
92
93
hypothetical conditional: past
‘fdause would clause
If-hod + past participle wou have» past portiple
If ihad seen my fers, {would have spoken
Use the hypothetical conditional past to tak about
hypothetical or imaginary stations in the past.
It describes an unreal or impossible situation, €@
Real situation « woke up late. Hypothetical situation:
(cit hear my alarm clock. woke up ate)
We can start sentences and questions with the fr would
clause:
They wouldn't have been
If they bad
What would yo hove done
called, «ct would you have done?
active versus passive
the passive
sete passe
present Theshopdoesnt Cece arent
Fine nceptcredtcacs.scepedheres |
Isanyone sing that stot empurer
resent omputerat the | being sed atthe
past Somecne told sto | We were tld to be
imple behereatst0. heat 800.
present Noonehasasked i | We havent been
Perfect aocutthecite asked south date
Semecne wil ve Tllbe gen cron
wil! meaaronmynen my nest they
Seay
se the acve voice to talk about the things people do:
Som ete the chicken.
‘To make the pasiv, use subject + be + pat participle
Use the passive voice
‘+ t0 tlk about what happens to things or people.
sled hos been given a pie.
expressing uncertainty
saying you dont know 3
haven idea
havent due
{sory bat mea not sre
{ont bow bt ea yan out
These are both informal
fil sures
Ins deftly not
Fmsurek ist
lear remember
te forgotten
saying you used to how
ne past perfect tense (hod + past
now thatthe action was in the pa
this to hypothetical conditional present future
where the past simple tense shows an action is
hypothetical
Note: When the sentence starts with
comma after the i clause
Inwritten and spoken English, we use contra
hypothetical conditional sentences inthe past, exe
in very formal documents:
Shea hove told usif she'd he
We would’ ary if we'd kro
come. tfermad)
+ when we don't knew the doer (the person or th
does the action):
The film stor was murdered
+ when the identity of the doer of the action isn
important:
Tris cheese i made in italy
(k's not important who actualy makes it)
+ the doer ofthe actionis obvious:
The thief was arrested,
(The police are the only people who could ares =
Ife want to say who does/did the action, we use
rowove oven was invented by Percy LeBar0
We sometimes use the passive to emphasise a part =
part of the sentence Compare:
with
The Guggerheim Museum of Artin New York was des/gral
by Frank Uoyd
In the second sentence, the emphasis son Frank Liy
Weight.
The passive is often used in newspaper reports and o
formal witing.
saying yu are not sure, but you have an idea
Tran huge percent ceri butt might be
“Sure and certain mean the same thing We can use
‘ether of them in these expressions. Lait CoLel
‘A Match 1-8 with a)-h) tomake sentences, © Rewrite the sentences using the third conditional
1 we had ative eae 1 Maya was late for the meeting. He ar broke dow
2 J wouldnt have told her if May's car hot -
2 fhe hadi fallen asleep 2 se fet s0 she dint come tothe concer.
4 We would nave called you She would
5 if 3.done all my homework 3 didnt get the jb | wosr't quoted
6 John would have brought a present wfthad
7 ifthe teacher hada’ helped him, 4 They didnt buy the house. They eid have enough money.
8 1 would have Bought that computer They would =
2) he would have flied the exam 5 We lost he game Our best player was inured
by if hed known it was your birthday.
1) he wouldn't have crashed the ca
) we wouldn't have missed the plane.
Wour best player hadnt si het Sy
You didn’ tell me you were coming so didn't cook a meat.
woul suns
© if it nad been on sale. a ee
1) iff krown twas secret.
I would have passed the course.
1) if wets hag your amber
[A Undetine the correct alternative, B Compete the sentences withthe active or passive form ofthe
1 Ohno! My wallet has being stolen/ verbs in brackets. Use the verb tense in italics.
has been stlen hos ston! 1 The magazine _(read) mainly by teenagers.
2 Were those documents besentiend/sent it —— ublishd every month. present simple
Ddyemailorby post? 2 Mestofhis programmes __(not fil) in Europe
3 Not many houses ae been buitore being he usually___wavk) in sla present simple
bul Being bul tthe moment. 3 The book ___iwite by an exalt
4 That piano isnt been payed” ____escribe) the war in Vietnam. post simple
hasnt be payed hasnt been played 4 My last company {ake clothes:
for years (Guy) bya muttnational company called Zed. past simple
5 Cars that are pared legally 3 Thebuidings __(cean) andthe wall
willbe renoved/beng removed! (Gand. preset perfect,
tobe removed. 6i (Give) acewoffce but! nat move)
6 Are those toys male/be made/nade iy things in there yet. present perfect
by hand? 7 Today this ish (00t cooW inthe oven. instead,
7 Wewerent employednot were employed/ _we___ (use) the grill present continuous
werent enploy by the government 8 English (not spoken) everywhere in future. Lots of
unit 198. people not spat) future il)
4 We can't use the photocopier because
i's being epaied/repatring/be repaired
right now,
A Underin the correct alternative to complete the sentences,
Whats my IN number forgeting/ forgot forgotten.
an you smoke inthe restaurant? sures sue its sure isnt legal
‘Whats this drink? t's defintely am nottefnitely novdefntenot orange juice
How olds he? 'm surely fifo sure/foidy sure hes twenty.
What's Maras second name? | haven the clue/have a clde/havent a clue
‘What’ the wore’ biggest building? | hove 00 idea/hove not idea/am no dea.
Where do the Smiths lve? I not ememterant to remember/cont remember.
When does the game stan? nota hundred per cent certaincertan hnded percent
the hundred per cen certain butt might beat 2.00, ‘rect speech (ctu words) | reported speech
‘ales buy organic food’ He sid tha he alums bought organic food, Ti meet you atthe arpert,
im going 10 see my mother | She toc me se was going 10 see her
: me she was going
mother the nextday
Te passed my exums’ He said he had passed his exams
We sow he at the station” | They sas heyhadseener atthe sation. ‘sn te pst we care
‘Tikmeetyouhere’ He sald he would meet me there. “Ws great fim’—+ She sold that ie
Teant her you ‘he sai he col este fi Tr ste no o Ses
“We might Be ne Tajabiepaiaanien ‘twos pet fin. Umpies she's Seen
‘must eave a midday’ | he said he had to leave at micay.
reported questions
Use reported speech to report what someone sad ear Aer a past _Regorted questions have the same
tense reporting verte Sid, told et, thecriginal verb often moves and word changes as reported stat
one tense back this is Sometimes called backshiting). Toreport.a yes/no question use
‘There may be ether changes to pronouns, pssessive adjectives, and to _afterthe reporting vert:
references of time or place:
Ti gn’ She said she would ga. Ws my car ~* He soi it wos his ca ved in Peru oF:
sees the next doy in Peru
‘Wellsee you tomorrow ~* They sod they cul
be hete:~* She sat she would be tere
Mast changes 1 hed to, but mustn't doesn’ change:
‘We mustitt be late’ -* They oid they mustn't be ite
NOT Prey see they int mete bedate
Cou, would and might also dort change in reported speech Inteported questions the word order
“We might see you ter “+ They 012th they might seu te same a for Statements. We 29 net u
‘Soy ard tell are the most common reporting verbs. Note the different, auniliary do/does/cid.
verb pater ‘Do yu ke eating sushi? ~
He toldme not he'dbelese Shesoid ome) stot shewented iostoy fhe eating sis.
verb patterns Reporting verbs use many differen verb patterns. 50's
‘Many different structures can follow aver in English.
‘Some verbs are followed by an ng form, and some
‘are folowed bythe infiritive:
{car stand listening 12 ope
‘Heleamed to speok Mandar when he moved 10
Cine
‘verb + infinitive with to: ogee ok tell expect. learn,
_monoge. help decide, ofr, promise, want fis,
wet
We managed to get tthe theatre on tne
They agreed to give us checo tckets.
verb + ing: ke, love, ote, cont stand, (be) keen on,
(ook forward a, mis. enjoy, fancy. ve uo, practise:
Sometimes thee is no reed to change
tenses (no backshift. Th
the reporting verb sin
meet ust the
I the information we are reporting
true in the present, we do not need Is
‘change the tenses but ifthe reporting
thought it was good atthe time)
‘Doyou the in Peru? ~* She oshed me
ed e whether
Toreport a Wh question, use the a
word:
“Where isthe restaurant? —* She oshew
where the restouront wos,
‘important to learn the patterns. Some verbs can use ma
‘one structure, eg Suggest.
‘He suggested that we meet a 6pm.
She suggested having lech inthe cofeteri.
‘verb + infinitive with t: offer, promise, refuse, opree:
They offered to give us aif tothe stoien.
They promised to phone when they arrive.
\verb + object + infinitive with to: vite, worn, tel ost:
‘They iwited us to stay for the weekend.
Hewomed them not to tell anyone.
‘verb + -ing: suggest, recommend» 10.3
area
1 A Complete the reported statements using tense changes
(backshitt,
1 "We're going to have a baby
Hesaid that) going to have a baby,
ve lived here for more than twenty years’
she —_ that she had tved
se for more
than twenty years
3 We grew these carotsin our garden’
They told us that they ___ grown thecarrtsin
—___narden,
4 “Thave to go to the dentist tomorrow!
He ssid that) he 10 gotothe dentist the
__ day
5 “Ive lost my passport
She said that_ _hadlost passport.
6 “tm feeling a bit stressed!
she me that she feeling abt
sessed,
7 Wed never been tothe US before:
‘They said that __ never been to the
US before,
“I cant stay long because Ihave to go toa meeting’
She seid that she stay long because she
__to gotoamesting:
‘A Complete the reported statements below withthe verbs in the
bax and any other necessary words
refuse agree promise suggest offer
invite explain
1 imafraid tm not going to pay forthis meal?
He iopev____ forthe meal.
2 “You need to show your passport to immigration’ she said to him,
She he his passport to immigration,
3 ‘ifyou book your tickets in advance, you'l get two fr the price of
cone she told us,
She our
sn advance.
4 ‘it pickyou up on the way tothe station,
He___________pickme upon the way tothe station,
'5 Why dontt you all come for lunch on Sunday?”
She us far unch on Sunday,
{6 "ll defintely cook something for dinnec
He _ _ something for diner.
‘Be careful 1 hold on to your bags atthe station’
she ___ onto our bags atthe station,
8 "Yes Ita good idea to have the meeting on Tuesday’
He the meeting on Tuesday.
‘A Make sentences giving advice/warnings using the prompts.
1 forget /set/ alarm,
2 you/need/ buy /tcket/before/ get onthe train
3 if1/you/calthem/ before you leave
4 watch out / speed cameras. Tere /its on the read.
8 Read the pairs of sentences. Then correct the
mistakes in the reported speech.
1 ‘think that La Tasca is my favourite restaurant
She sid she thought tht La Tce was thelr
2 ‘Tm going to meet Mr Susuk this afternoon:
He told me that he met Mr Susu that aftercon.
3 Maja called me yesterday:
He said that Maja has called him the day before.
4 “We'll meet you hete tomorrow!
They told us that they will meet us zhere the
next day.
5 “We haver't received your application’
‘We told her that we hadnt received your
application
66 "I might see you atthe party, Matt.
She told Matt that she wil see him atthe party
7 ‘Tue already sent you an email explaining the
situation
He seid that he already had sent an email
explaining the stuation
8 ‘ean type very fast”
‘She told her boss that she could type very fast.
B Find and correct the mistakes. There
are mistakes in sx of the sentences.
1 The company has agreed that pay for
the trip
2 They recommended going toa
diferent hotel
3 | suggested to that she look for
another job
4 She suggested to call an ambulance
5 We offered helping, but there was
nothing we could do.
6 The manager refused let us leave
the hotel before we met his wife
We promised to sending her a postcard
explained that there had been a delay,
5 make sure/ apply fora visa
6 whatever /do/ dont.
T important / thing / check / fight times
8 forget /take your mobile phone
leave valuable items / the room VOCABULARY BANK
SERS
1 Use one word from each row in the table to complete
sentences 1-12.
oun jective | person
1 Jinwtion | ade
history eo
3 cloisation!
eaten cose
4 democracy | democratise | democratic
5 liberation berate
6 discovery discover
7 eadership lead i
8 pois polit paca |
9 [development | develon [developing _ developer |
10 [invention inert |invertve
1 founsion found funding
12 independence | ~ [independen
1066 i the date of the Norman _n
of Britain
2 Edward Gibbon was a great __ Hew
The History ofthe Decne and Fal of the Pom
3 india wasa_ of Great Bet
4 South Africas fist elections inwhich
black people could vate took place in 1994
5 Inthe eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
Wiliam Wiberforce led a movement to
6 Alexander Fleming isknown for his
of penicilin
1 Fidel Casto was the,
revolution oF 1959,
{8 The Kennedys and the Bush family are known for
ther invohement in American
‘9 The World Bank lends money to __
counties, particularly ia Asia and Africa.
10 In 1901 Wilhelm Rontgen won the Nobel Prize i
of the Coban
Physics forhis_ ofthe Kray.
11 BillGates isthe of Microsof.
from Portugal
12 Angola gained its
in 75,
EEE MTN with come, give, have and make
‘1. Write the words and phrases in italics in the correct places in the word webs below.
1 ecrass the mountain, with instructions to dine nearer
5 — move toners)
ce 21008 eye)
come =
— AE ine produed/sld)
a yan
2 caprize, permission, orders, me a headache
eave
tell someone
Something)
(present)
a
ae)
3 ace, chance, ideos, 100 calories
ovghs)
ess)
EE reste)
AER yy
Se — (elaborate)
tt get money) Lesson 10.1 THE ENVIRONMENT.
the same meaning as the words and phrases in brackets.
slobalworming pollution aerosol cans protect
Industrial waste factory smoke natural resources
carexhaust fumes destruction ofthe rainforest
Many people are worried about the
state ofthe planet, and the effets
of '__global arming
(an increase in word temperatures, fe
caused by an increase in carbon
oxide around the Earth). growing
human population s puting pressure on the Earth's
uae (ings that ext
in nature and canbe used by peopl, for example
Cl. trees, etc) tke food and water Als, alt oF
puman acuity (causes
clamage), ether because R causes"
(dirty ae water or hnd),or because @
(Garvages the a water and land 39 badly that
‘ght not recover). Some ofthe most common
‘causes of damage are
(chemist and
als which factories throw aay)
and
(which contain
CFCs—a chamncal which damages the
‘zone layer)
= ‘which increases the amount of
‘Garbon diodde nthe atmosphere
Environmentatsis ty to "_the
environment (keep ft safe om harm) by
encouraging people to change the way they ve
(recycling more, usng
____ or green’ products which do
‘nt damage the environmen, wasting es, et)
and persuading governments to take
environmental isues more serous
B Complete the table with words from the text in Exercise 18.
own verb
1A Complete the tex wth the words and phrases from the box with
destroys the environment harmful enviranmentally-fiendly
Lesson 10.1
JL WORD BUILDING Fs
L Look at the prefixes in the table and
‘complete sentences 1-12 with @
suitable form of the words in brackets.
In invisible
‘inappropriate
inadequate
inability
Impossible
impoite
lmmobiie
immoral
i inesponsible
inegulae
inelevant
irrational
ex exgitfriend
exPrime Minster
extusband
exboss
exwife
1 The number isnot correct. ts
feccurate)
2 Letme inveduce you to my
Amelia (wife)
3 leant doit Ws !
(possible)
4 Ws difficult to travel because
the buses and trains are very
oes (regular)
5 Youcant leave without saying
goodbye. I's _ (polite)
6 Sve behaves ike a child. Shes very
(mature)
7 You cant come to the office dressed
Uke that. tes
appropriate)
8 He eft his laptop on the train. He's
very____ responsible)
9 used to work for him, He's my
(boss)
10 There is no good reason for it. It's |
completely (ationat)
11 Itdoesrtt do the ob es i
(adequate)
12 Sherefised to moveat al She was
(mobile) ‘TION BANK
Student 8 student B
2 B Read the texts below and make 7 A Look at the notes and describe a big moment in history. Think
nates using the prompt below. ‘about the questions below.
‘What was the development?
Where iit take pace? . «
wets Keppas? iM aurched the fist personal compute: Mos wets
Why wasit importante the software
» By 9 wasting ee min Psa yen Ae uch
‘me tval the Macintosh which used a mouse ad icons.
ee te <8 1985 = Microsoft launches Windows and used some of the
naar
Seu. s
= rerrie 1 Why was this event important?
eee 2 What happened before and after the event?
3 Would the word be diferent if this event had nat happened?
BB Describe your big moment to other students,
eas ago = beame 9 inportant
‘eats you sand proms that
wean peek ser oa a
ieee, meat a Ce
a) ate ee Rag pets
| deelopourtmagnetions When yoo Student B
| Me jenessd ctrl oe
Sieuursiskadibesureeeer” PA Youare gahngtoask Student A the questions below. Fist, add be
cover the nxt Hl We won have Imerequions toro. The ner can be Fund o age
‘become the moat imaginarne~ and the
| most eigen ofthe asia ie
| Nad conte eating nly plant Group 8
5 & Look at the photo and read the fact
file below. Discuss the questions and
make notes about your discussion.
Did you know ...?
Transports report for25gercen of
ths Ute carbo oot, and at
doesnt nae yg nthe UK tere
sre more cars than he namber of
revseholds In cavoma, ther are
‘ror cars thn the number of people
inane there
Comet as ae wed for 18 percent of
unr ae and for £2 percent of
tips ofbemeen ne and tomes
peter fests ae akenby ane
perion alone, and 3 perenne
Erte pecrie
hing ardhowsehotd appliances ce
‘ashing machines ar sportier
ound is percertcl he son
polio tem your home and ot of
Your eecrcny il ewey Rowen
1 sla panel on er
dpe
‘eer han he need ation
1 Do you think every family needs to
have acess to a car? Why/Why not?
2 What do you think should be done to
tedce the number of miles people
‘tive in cars/fy in aeroplanes?
3 Do you think people should genera
their own electric using wind/solar
ower etc oF should governments
choose options lke nuclear power?
4 What lans/schemes would you
introduce to deal with these problem?
1B A Student 8: read the instructions below.
‘You work inthe Tourist informa
to visit the Australian Outback Give hinvher some advice using the
phrases in Exercise 42 and the prompts below.
1L Don’t approach dingoes. They can bite. Throw away any leftover
food.
2 There are some poisonous snakes If see one, move slowly away.
3 Flies can be a problem. You could buy a fly net to fix onto your hat.
4 You need to wear a hat and use suncream. Take plenty of
water / dink.
5 Don't wear high heels / new, expensive clothes. The land is rough
and rocky.
B Change roles and role-play the following situation.
You want to go snorkeling on the cee.
for advice, eg. re there any special clothes
you should wear? What equipment do you need?
Student A
A Lookat the notes nd describe big moment in istry. Think
atoot the quesoons bows
Twenty frst-century natural disasters
* Boxing Day Tsunami, 2004 killed 230,000 in eleven countries.
Badly affected Incia,Talland, Indonesia and Sri Lanka,
Underwater earthcuske measured approximately 92 on the
er scle (second largest recorded in history).
* Hurricane Katrina, 2005, illed 1.836, affected mainly poor bi
in New Orleans, USA
Earthquake in UAquia, Centra italy 2008, killed over 300 people
ks
1 Why was this event important?
2 What happened before and after the event?
3 Would the word be cifferent if this event had not happened?
8B Describe your big moment to other students.
Student B
? Ak Check Student a's answers to your questions.
1 Uruguay
2 the body of a 5,000-year-old man
3 1999 Re" ae ad =
VOCABULARY
HisToRY
‘Find nouns in the word square that match
‘meanings 1-10.
1 Acomplete change ether inthe way people
think orina countrys poltical system
2 The time when an important change begins to
happen twa wards)
3 Anevent that changes a situation, othe process
of growing or changing,
4 When something increases and affects more
people
5 Any change, discovery or invention that makes
the world better
§ group of people that wars to achieve an aim
1 Amachine.teo. system, ec, made forthe Fst
time
{8 The basic idea or principle behind something
Something that someone leans about when it
‘nas not own before
40 Change that improves something,
5 Undertine the conect alternative,
1 History books say Alexander Fleming was
responsible forthe founcinon/Scovery of
penicn.
2: The intenet has helped the tuning pon spread
‘oftheir ideas.
3 After frishing the researc, we'll bepin work on
the development/advance af the prod.
4 James is making at of progres/scoery in all
his school subjects.
'5 There have been amazing acvancesspreads in
technology inthe fast few years.
6 She was.a member ofthe early feminst
progress/movenent.
1 Only afoundaio/tevotton wil destroy tis
government
8 Lihink the whee the greatest
Inenvon/mevement in history.
GRAMMAR &
HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONAL: PAST
2 cca theconect option to complete the sentences.
4 They would hae said something fe
‘therules
2) were broken) would have broken
© had broken
2f___ yout would have si to.
a) Tazo by veseen
© Id seen
3 He tthe ambulance had come
2) woul deg 1) would have died
2) would have been dled
41 know a ticket cost 100,
4) wouldnt have come 6) would have came
not would have come
5 If te government hadn't lent the company 2
millon pounds
2) had closed by would close
9 would rave closed
6 They would have had a picnic iit
a) hadetined,——_b) had ined not
had been rained
9 Write sentence with f for situations 1-6,
1 Ealy travels vented boats. Cross-continental
travel became posible
sory ua
2 Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated. World Wer
‘stared,
3. People rom Sumer needed permanent vecow
They invented writing
4 ‘Wiliam the Conquercr invaded England i 1066.
‘The English language changed,
5 Charles Darwin taveled to South Amer
eveloped the theory ofevoition.
6 Saiors onthe Trane cin see the berg and
11595 people die,
4 D199 Usten and add two missing
‘contractions to each sentence.
r] ‘wouldve
1 FTA known you were coming. 1 { waited.
2 Hf waited, been tte
3-H been lat, mised the show.
4 missed ie show | wasted my money.
5 If wasted my money, been angry.
© Listen agin and repeat the sentences.
Pay attention tothe pronunciation of had and
would have,
40 5 (©) 92 Look at 1-5 below and think about the
‘Question: Where and when were these things frst
Used? Listen and complete the answers.
~The | when?
(00 years
2 bilogealwapens | ear |
3 Footbal years og
4 cemtatheating years a9
5 umbyela ears 360
© What isthe connection between the inventions
in Exercise 5A and pictures A-E below? Listen again
‘and check.
© Read these extracts from the listening in Exercise
Shand find words to match definitions a)-e) below.
3 Wasit the same as modern toothpaste? Definitely
‘nat. Ancient Greek toothpaste used ingredients like
crushed bones and oyster shells.
2 Some generals would even throw dead bodies atthe
enemy or into the enemy's river.
3 Inthe eighteenth century, one way American
Indians were Milled was through using infected
blankets given to therm by the Europeans who were
colonising America.
4 Arich banker installed it in his house so that he
could grow grapes in England’ cold weather!
5 Interestingly, it seems that only kings ot very
important people had umbrellas in these sculptures.
‘50 they were a symbol of high socal class.
‘a) the people that your countrys fighting againstin awar
by something that represents special quality or situation
© placed somewhere and connected ready tbe used
ing dangerous bacteria which spread disease
€) pressed very hard soit is broken into extremely
‘small pieces
‘SHORT ESSAY: LEARN TO STRUCTURE
PARAGRAPHS
5 & Read the introduction to a short essay and choose
the best ttl.
2) Sumerian Culture
by The History of Writing
{9 Business throughout History
1 5200 ec, Sumerians invented writing. For
these people, who were located in the area we
row call Faq, there was nothing poetic about it
‘They didn't write to fre the imagination or tote
beautiful stories. Instead, they wrote because
‘was a way to keep business records. While
previous generations had relled on their memory
for the details of deals and the things they ouned,
the new generation decided to make permanent
records, AS a resut, early wring’ looks Ihe very
simple type of drawing,
© Read the introduction again and:
1 Gircle the topic sentence.
2 Undertine a linking word fone has already been
undertined),
33 Underline ane linking expression (three words)
© ead the notes and Finish the essay (120-150 words).
firs = pictures of animale, body pars, trees, bind
‘very tol
Then liter symbols = for
Then later symbole - For sounde
Contd be ru left ta right or right ole
picsure of
line showed
aed human or ai
fecers the deci
(Gr walls of ‘empl and on papyrus (early paper)
99% of people
scholars read
Start of writing = start of history” ideas and other
vorred in
lnernte — only religious leaders!
info passed down through ime cn
ACTIVE VERSUS PASSIVE
14 Read the text andl correct five mistakes
with passives,
Milena! misery and how to get over
Seti erate sh weston corn Po 0880 es
Ug up ma wu of soc met civoged poges ard
estesten Santas wenyeduten soos coed
iting und nay secs ache cake Asanshg
toreort ssn wrapons tet mason ts
iprecton ene gonna ore.
Sor aft ensna ay soum cba: rare
Lnerionmat oe epee acon pessse
‘ri Honea gato oe nora
Gonetaton, of he Baby Bocmare Te wes ta goneraten uae? Have ser goes few York
born betiveen 1845 and about 1960 9 ri whe 45 {ote her tecrgore rural Cora Pert? In 2010, only
bth rates wcreased tvoughcul the word Ine USA, t evar at the words putin used the irtmet, On
ral percentage of thse hal Pods. So can we sy tes
‘hucesstlgeneranon 8.
‘generator slow?
‘ewe relly taking about gonettons or generatsaions?
by Boomers ee a2en a3 the
shh rede ther cour eh
1B Complete the questions. © Match words 1-6 with definitions 1).
1@ Whateid Ponta ne)
Ie Young people theze dy Theyconvoiather’——« chatter (ine2)
seen efanermihe conperyofgiessert ——3-bithrate (loe2)
tre food oo guy and are ade other § popula ine 28)
teachers” 5 networkers (line 38)
2 Q When did we _ — pela 6 multitaskers (line 39)
As nthe tet ena
(Gueuor 2 )make something raw and ied by many people
Ove fees lon, Bi people who spend alo of Ue communicating and sharing
Iteration wth ters
4 Q What happened __
Ty oxth tee Heme ed BRIG UR GOL © the number of children born ina particular year/place
dd talk quickly ina friendly way about unimportant things
SeWhde
‘A; Nell Howe and Wiliam Strauss. ©) disagree, saying that the opposite is true
6 How many 1 people who can do lots of things atthe same time
': Twenty-five percent of the world’s population (ork, timber
VOCABULARY Ee
DESCRIBING PEOPLE
1 Read the text and complete words 1-8
NGC a
EXPRESSING UNCERTAINTY
2 Circle the correct option to complete the conversations.
1A: When were the fist Olympic Games?
B: a) have no idea
b) Thaven't got an idea
Do you know who invented the machine gun?
a) Ihavenit the clue.
by thaven'ta clue.
Whar’ the world’s biggest country?
3: a) Him not hundred percent certain and it might be Russia.
') Fm nota hundred percent certain but it might be Russia,
‘Do you know when the first emails were sent?
2a) Ti fairly sure t was in the 1970s.
by fim fair sure itwas inthe 1970,
‘Who's the current President of South Africa?
a) Its definitely but not Thabo Mbeki
by) It's definitely not Thabo Mbeki.
Which country has ached the World Cup final the most
times?
‘) I don't know but fm sure it srt England.
1) I don't know but Ive sure it isnt England,
\What year did Yuri Gagarin fly into space?
2} {don't can remember
by {can't remember.
‘A: What’ the name ofthat French woman who lived to 122?
Bs a) Ive forgotten.
by I'm forgotten,
Th
8
(tae Jin kn stunt)
i
REACT TO INFORMATION
Complete the conversations.
Marisa had her baby yesterday.
a she? What wonderful
tim doing an online project about
Minecroft.
Ob realy? ‘Interesting,
His cousin was an Olympic boxer:
he? Wow!
My sister doesnt eat meat
__ she? 0K, Ill cook fish.
| think we need to go down this road
x
B
&
8:
&
8
&
here,
8: Thats remember that
ale
6 A Hove Lady Gaga!
& ___ you? think she's crazy.
7A: Did.you know that dolphins nave names
for each other?
8: Thats
8A: My parents have never been here.
B& __they? When are they going
tov?
9A Joke was the number one student in the
county,
B: Really?! know that
10 A: John’s got the ca. Weil have to travel by
bus.
8: _____we? Ob, that’ annoying
‘again and shadow B's part Try to copy the
‘nconation, VOCABULARY Li
‘THE ENVIRONMENT
4 Match the words and phrases in the box with,
definitions 1-10.
[ocssed on standby pacing “panic
| energy-saving second-hand double glazed
[recyled pre prenred. insulated
1 not switched off, but ready to be used when
needed came
2 windows or doors with two layers of glass
3. food with substances added to it in order
{0 preserve it, Improve its colour et
4 covered with a material that stops
electricity, sound, heat, et. from getting out
5 grown without chemicals
6 food which has already been washed,
prepared, cooked, etc so that itis ready to eat
7 the bags, boxes, etc that a product is sold in
4 using less electricity than normal
9 glass or paper etc which has been processed
so that it can be used again,
10 not new; has been owned by someone else
© Complete the sentences with words from
Exercise 1A.
1 We don't use chemicals. All our fruit and
vegetables are
2. I don't buy new clathes~1 buy everything from
shops.
3 Allthe windows are __
s0.we can'thear the noise outside
4 fwe changed to _ on
light bulbs, our electricity Bills would be cheaper
5 I don’thave time to cook inthe evenings
solbuya meal on
the way home.
6 Everything inthe café is fresh and naturel. We
dont use any food.
7 All the paper and plastic from the ofce
in these bins.
8 Dont leave the TVon.
Turn it off when you go to bed.
9 | don't buy fruit in the supermarket because they
use too much “which
‘anit be recycied
110 The house is much warmer now that we have
the roof.
@ A Read the text about Earth Hour. Con you
‘complete it?
EARTH HOUR: HOW SMALL ACTION CAN
wveaA BIG IMPACT
ath Hour fa gloat event where peogte around the
wo serch off he sm tes houses, offices
and at other mponant nda We the"
—__ in typ. tare
Astral, asa protest agar
imate ‘and hes gowe into a wetbade
fren. Bur not eveyone inks 2 good idea ~ people
have* _____oimons about what an event ie
Fath How can achieve
in Pareard te
200rin*
1B [B) 10.1 Listen toa radio phone-in programme
about Earth Hour and see if you were right.
DA Are the statements true (1) or false (F)? Correct
the false statements.
1 In 2007, twenty-two milion people across Sydney
‘switched off their lights for Earth Hout
2. In 2010, thousands of cities in 128 countries took
part in the event.
3 Organisers say that they want to show what
people can do to save energy.
44 Everybody agrees that the event isa good way to
help people understand the problem.
‘5: Amyand her children had dinner by candlelight
6 Jay-lay thinks that the event helps people to
change their everyday behaviour
1 Complete the phrases in bold so that they
‘mean the same as the phrase in brackets.
1 One city decided to take a against
climate change. (protest against)
2. Earth Hour quickly went. (spread
‘across the world)
3 In2010, thousands of cities in 128 countries took
(participated)
4 The Eiffel Tower in Pais, the Egyptian Pyramids,
New York’s Empive State Bullding and Sydney
Harbour Bridge were all to
darkness. (made to go dark quickly)
'5 Organisers want to draw __ tothe
problem of climate change. (make people notice)
6 Isitagood vay to_awareness
‘about the problems the world is facing? (increase
‘the number of people who know about something)
7 [think i's a complete of time. (rot
‘a good way to use time) TN
REPORTED SPEECH
Complete the reported sentences,
1 ‘don't understand why you're always late!
Shea thet she det
Ste certo vy
2 "ce meeting cutee the pm ac 658 0 he
Bis hatte ro
the gym at 6.15, ot
2 vette pet aad. hakyou!
Hess ihatte
a eaten plenty already
4 "yj finished last week, she tld jm.
She tld ji that
Seelgyim thot ___ ob had ised ne
5 ‘lee you tomorrow said Adam,
‘Adam said that he would see us the
day. a
6 “is my favourite programme!
Wis told his mother that it was
favourte programme. oe
7 "Well meet you atthe airport?
They told her that they meet her at
the airport. Tata 3
8 ‘Are you enjoying the trip? the tour leader asked.
“The tour leader asked them f were
enjoying the wip.
5 A Ai A) staking toa trove agent (1) about booking
a holday. Pt ther conversation nthe coe order,
___No,inavent buts god de,
: EI want to goto pan because veneer been
there before
__oK
Fm hioking of ging by pare.
tat cunt gre
a hve Could you show me what
accommodation salable?
Fave you thought about taking the tin
instead?
How are you penning to wae?
theres an eco tar near vlenca whee you
ansny ore you help the farmer pick
a RRRR
his oles,
T:_Its cheaper than fying, il show you some of
the tain routes.
T:__ Have you decided where you want to stay?
10 Ali said that
Weve Oa ey
WORD BUILDIN
10 Imafraid | have to
ces reporting the conversation
ersawte one word in eh 3P
in Exercise 5A write one
Contractions are one word.
" ed_to goto Spain because
4 Al said that she pt Sen bes
_ shed __never_ s es
2 The travel agent.
3 She said thet as ee
going by plane.
(He asked herif___ about raking,
the train instead.
5 Ali said that_ ut that
‘3 good ea
6 The trvel agent said that it wes cheaper than fying
and that he ___
Panwa
Denianetse eS
as =
sheaste ia
cae
one ea aonodaton was ovata.
sta re nos ear va les
° ereshe tereeitahe
care he armor pickhis olives
PREFIXES
1G Add prefixes un, dis-, under-, mis- or re-to the words
Inbold to complete the sentences.
aI “understood his directions and got
completely ost
2 Discipline is very important tous. We don't tke the
childrento_____obey the teacher.
3 Shall throw these boxes away orcan we
“use them for something else?
4 itSavey___usual situation. Nothing tke
thishas happened before.
estimated how long the journey
would take. took an hour longer than | expacted.
{6 The old man walked around the corner and
appeared. We never saw him again,
7 dont know haw you find anything inthis office. Is
so tidy!
8 thaveto____new my diving licence
because it Fas expired,
9. They use children in thei Factories, which I find
completely ethical
agree. | dont think
that’ right atl,
46 MTC
REPORTING VERBS
rle the correct option to complete the
‘reported statements,
1 Can give you a hand?
He ___tohelp
2) invited b) refused) offered
‘Tm afraid the Fist train leaves at 6303.
She thatthe fist rain
leaves at 30am,
2) offered) explained ) suggested
A TASTE OF YOUR LIFE
Inche BAC chat show series A Tate of My Li, TV cet Nige! Sonar
(Glo eclerises abot Ur songest od memories ad parvelar
cs which hove shaped ther les. Come actor Sarees Bsr
Ferces abou the contrast between bland ext and two eg school
‘Gener and the Indan food he was sored at home Fellow chet Nigella
{Ehwon cel her He sory trough ood Do you have a merry of
Taurus dah ssocated wit a special event! Can you remeriber ho
cooked tt We ated for your best food memories.
Trhas tbe bolle eggs wit solders My rum undo ge ©
Ide Tre egp naib sft eve owe yale runny
pra wih reed butter and uk rt tin stp (al ad sah
Sobre hich you ean oldane dp no the op of Ue ez, Now ze
tomy lads ae they love 8 Rs Beaty and hope tw gre them
these coy menor ‘Chee. UK
3 Idon't believe you!
He_____tobelieve me.
a) refused b) promised «) offered
4 ‘Come in and have something ta cat
she usin for something to
eat.
Ty goncinothes pores pasta, She eed to ake pasta cn the chen
‘able every dy can emerber bere out te pastan 7 morn
\ehen Ie sr bree Nowadays poops har pasa maioes bt
Mode Stout te psa by hand arden we cane heme from reo
‘fore wos abaya eof rest eaglatelle wr for us The cry pasta
youbuy the pu doestt tae te sane. arti aly
42) offered) warned —€) invited
5 “Don't go there. ts dangerous’
Tortla Wreneve fel ike Immeng my home country | Cook tora
Ialendl onde made wt pated none os ones 0
2 be tapas brs Spin But of couse the oe | make at home the
bat hae 1oreny happy memoses cf ext totia They goal trough
ty i rom when | wae 3 Sacer at riers cxtng wh enc
Tact erxyer cou ES
He us not to go there.
a) warned b) suggested ¢) invited
{6 "llbuy you a diamond ring”
He to buy me. diamond
ring
2) explained b) promised ) suggested
7 "Why don't we go fora walk”
He going for a walk
a) warned b) offered) suggested
2 Read the article and match pictures A-E
with paragraphs 1-5.
‘When go tack to Penang (Miya) gp strait toa hawker (ree
‘eter 9G eer a bow of Penang Hckien Mee (rave noode sup)
ore dsh aways miss There something about tre combrcton of
the pemers an te hl the sx wh the noodies | st ove & YOuean
trake fat home toa but Rtas eter wen you eat 40.4 onthe Set
Thertan nmospecre. wih the het ad the noe ofthe traf and
people hut Ks move tan usta duh ab ap epenence. Ard aban
Psvenward ta & Peres fos «part of ye. fact, dott you
afd he same taste yee ce rene US
Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 Who has happy memories of the dish from different stages of|
theielife? _
2. Who likes to eat this dish when they return to a special place?
3. Who feeds her children a dish which her mother fed her as 8
chile?
4 Who describes how the dish should be prepared?
‘5 Who remembers eating ths dish when they came home from
school as ach?
{6 Who thinks the dish tastes better when you eatin on the
street?
4 Undertine the correct alternative for these words and phrases
from the article.
1 reminisces: talk or think about plecson/ternble events in
yourpast
2 boiled cooked in ol/oter
2 yolk: the yellow middle/sell ofan egg
4 runny rdf quid
5 taglatele-a type of pasta/soup
6 mis: fel sad becouse you havent gouoppy becuse you have
so! something you the ee
KR
‘
5
6
Hope you're wall Tae cae,
ERG PATTERNS
Complete the email
Pronouns. us:mey MY Netto ad peso
—
Nore te jt
| .
Gare ot fonNew Zend one en es
(sts ha ee
days ters, Luise | °9985pen a coupe of
theca when cago ious OOO
acca he anal
Nok te dd hoes Se
{und ines wokmom wer acres
Rornimemmomerecems,.
entero a
‘ourselves on the buses and i was: ah
Soak navaoacte eter
me a,
(906 ofa things cach, Iwas really teen
spite mtn,
U because the weather was bac. We saw lols of :"
Soe
Youll Nein joule tt
Nett
ri
"RESTAURANT REVIEW: LEARN TO LINK IDEAS
ead the review Does the writer recommend the
restaurant? Why/Why now?
Tittus
ne rence TH
May that | won he fio
tote Ast ald inthe fe
ell ner
eft
‘allege fri
Hy ste
agate wee the are aber
Ter aarandeach ne sen a bevel
‘mes yr ein wat
ae were ote wt peop er
eat ashy ene decided Wo ay ad
then was he
eee me tte dha ad
Siren a
va r
Firat all, we oer
(rtrd rt
Tera Wel
i cai to Wh se ft
fac an anc HEY ca
a tied ar woe Rod, a aac
Tan a gun wale or ware
spect
then
Itgore Tokio for somewhere nice 10
swan chose Fans
& Complete tne second sentence 50 that thas the
same meaning as the st Use the correct frm ofthe
‘words in capitals Use between two and fe wards
1m ntcoming with yous Gin REFUSE
2 ‘ihdefintely call you later hes
Dacecere reer ere nrnarae
2 “Lets go out fora meal hey aid DEQDE
They cut fora meat
4 "OK Vie wont goon holiday is ye’ they said
AGREE
They, noid this year
5 ‘tsa very expensive restaurant’ she toi us. WARN
She_____therestarant was very expensive,
6 James, why dort you come othe theatre wth us
on Friday? they asked. NITE
They en
with eon Fix
7 "The children grow vegetables inthe garden’ EXPLAIN
The teacher
sow vegetates nthe garden
18 "You should buy you uit the market
RECOMMEND
He
withus.
ovis.
melater
___tothetheate
‘our fruit at the market
(© (D102 Usten and check Then listen and repeat.
What happens tothe words to, for, at and thot inthe
sentences? Are they stressed or unstressed?
© Complete phrases a)-e) with the words in the box.
‘Then match them with gaps 1-5 n the review.
‘unless such so while although that
4) one ofthe gasses was sry that we
sent it back
»
the rain courses were a ltl better,
Fp Ti was ied ae not gle 36 ad ashe or
gon st an cng the total
1) She Tg ae ba aged memory
she weal vemennber verging
the eur yas bight ana i
Tpaking the aimsp ore was uniting
hairs werent comfortable tall
the
|B 4 Read the review again and tick the information it
ives. Which information Is nt given?
1 information about the price
2 information about the menu and type of food served
3 details of the restaurant (name, location, phone
umber etc)
4 information bout the service
5 information about the atmosphere
© Writea review ofa restaurant that someone has
recommended to you (180-220 words). Try to include
‘allthe information in Exercise 8A. SEN a
AIRPORTS
4 Add vowels to complete the words inthe texts.
1 was traveling rom aly
Scockhcim for work Ina hurry,
| picked up my 'p_ssp_rt and
ticket and left forthe akport
\whout checking them. Whe |
went toch_ck_m my bags
instead of ashing me f I wanted
an) al orawndow seat
and ping me ry
